Early Modern Lithuanian History – HIST1611 - Lecture Notes (Part 2 of Lithuanian Megacampaign)

[ardsss]

Hello All, ​

Welcome to Part II of my Lithuania megacampaign. Part 1 can be found here. This megacampaign is being presented as notes from an anonymous student studying Lithuanian history in my game world. Before I go into the game play I will be doing an overview of the world, as "background reading" before the first day of class.

Hope you enjoy!

Early Modern Lithuanian History – HIST1611 – Background Reading - pgs 14-17 – The World of 1444 - Notes - Professor: Jonas Matas​

• In order to understand early modern Lithuanian history, it is important to understand the geopolitical context of the world.
• As medieval societies developed their interaction with the realms around them significantly increased.
• This era of history marks the beginnings of statehood.

Iberia​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Valencia	King Abdul Aziz II Sirajid, King of Valencia and Batalyus.	Andalusian	Catholic	Duke Isteban Varela of Cordoba	Seeks to dominate Iberia, and has a heated rivalry with the Kingdom of Galicia. Despite Islamic origins has adopted Christianity. Seeks to eliminate the Emirate of Granada
Emirate of Granada	Emir Abdul-Rahman Abu’Ya’Farid	Andalusian (significant Algerian influence)	Sunni		The last vestige of Islam in Iberia proper, seeks to reclaim lost Islamic influence.
Kingdom of Galicia	Queen Beatriz Haro-Monterrey, Queen of Galicia and Morocco.	Galician	Catholic	Duke Tachlifa III de Castro of Algarve	Has a significant foothold in Northern Africa through personal union with Morocco. Most powerful kingdom on the peninsula. Has many subjects and limited centralized authority.
Crown of Castile	King Zentulo de la Rioja	Castilian	Catholic	Duke Sherira II de Castro of Leon	Precarious position in between Valencia and Galicia. The Duke of Leon wishes for freedom and seeks to reestablish the Kingdom of Leon.
Kingdom of Navarra	Queen Catelina de Haro, Queen of Navarra, Duchess of Asturias and Albarracin	Leonese	Catholic		Ruler belongs to the de Haro dynasty, the same as Galicia.
Duchy of Barzelona	Duke Gonzalo III Manuel	Aragonese	Catholic		Originally established after French excursions in region against the Muslim Andalusians. Main obstacle to reestablishing the Kingdom of Aragon, which remains as a rump state.

Western Maghreb​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Crusader Almohad (aka the Almovarid Sultanate)	Sultan Amawal II Almovarid	Moroccan	Masmudi		Remnants of the Moroccan Sultanate left after the Galician crusades into North Africa.
Kingdom of Morocco	Personal union under Galicia	Moroccan	Catholic	Duke Ramon Braoliz of Tamasna Duke Melendu Menendez of Fez. Duke Savricu de Tanxer of Rif	Originally established by Galician crusaders, but later fell into a personal union with Galicia. Most significant power in Western Maghreb, but very decentralized.
Sheikhdom of Tagdemt	Sheikh Adfuns Wigeriche	Algerian	Sunni		Established during the Sardinian crusades into North Africa. However, these crusaders converted and assimilated and now rule with the local Sunni Algerians.

Eastern Maghreb​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Duchy of Kabylia	Duke Nicolau II Wigeriche	Algerian	Catholic		Crusader state established by Sardinian crusaders.
Kingdom of the Tasneemids	King Sammer III Tasneemid	Berber	Catholic		Local Berber kingdom that was converted by Sardinian crusaders.
Kingdom of Tafrikt	King Medjan III Youkhann	Tunisian	Catholic		Originally established by Sardinian crusaders, the Youkhann dynasty converted to Catholicism and were able to usurp the throne. Tunis is home to the Bari culture, an Italian culture with Tunisian influences.

Egypt and Southern Levant​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Egyptian Sultanate	Regency Council	Egyptian	Shia	Emir al-Ashraf II Hassanid of Syria	Largest Shia realm. Looks to reclaim the lands lost to Sardinian crusaders and the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Kingdom of Beja	Queen Eikkir Geteina	Beja	Coptic		The last Coptic stronghold in Egypt.
Kingdom of Jerusalem	King Tantalu Wigeriche	Sardinian	Catholic.		The Sardinian crusader crown achievement. Surrounded by hostile Muslim realms.

Northern Levant and Anatolia​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Sheikhdom of Hims	Sheikh Abu-Bakr Yousifid	Syrian	Shia		Frontier sheikhdom along the religious border of Christianity and Islam.
Sheikhdom of Juwair	Sheikh Krystafer Yousifid	Syrian	Shia		Rogue offshoot state of the Emirate of Syria.
Duchy of Berroia	Duke Pyrros of Halab	Seleucian Greek	Orthodox Christian		Remnant realm of the Byzantine Empire.
Sheikhdom of Al-Ruha	Sheikh Izzaddin Yousifid	Syrian	Shia		Most Northern frontier sheikhdom.
Duchy of Cyprus	Duke Orestes II Doukas	Anatolian Greek	Orthodox Christian		Remnant realm of the Byzantine Empire.
Kingdom of Ikonion	King Hektorios Karanderos of Ikonion	Anatolian Greek	Orthodox Christian	Duchess Margarita Seljuk of Charsianon and Kilikia	Strongest kingdom in Anatolia. Remnant kingdom from collapse of Byzantine Empire. First cousin of King Leon of Nikaia.
Kingdom of Pontos	Queen Epiphania Kamateros of Pontos	Pontic Greek	Orthodox Christian	Duke Maurikios Neophytos	Trade focused kingdom on the Black Sea.
Kingdom of Nikaia	King Leon Karanderos	Anatolian Greek	Orthodox Christian	Duke Leontios Doukas of Boukellarion. Duke Bosporios Doukas of Optimaton.	First cousin of King Hektorios of Ikonion,

Carpathia, Balkans, and Greece​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Greece	King Eustathios Melissenos of Greece and Bulgaria, Despot of Serbia	Greek	Orthodox Christian	Duke Neophytos Taronites of Ephesos Voivode Serapion Doukas of Strymonos.	Claims to be the true heir of the Eastern Roman Empire. Successfully unified Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece after the empire splintered.
Kingdom of Croatia-Hungary	King Saul Dioszegi of Croatia, Hungary, Epirus, Galicia-Volhynia, Duke of Mountenia	Hungarian	Catholic	Vojvodkinja Elizaveta Tala of Oltenien Duke Jeno II Guthkeled of Somogy	The largest realm in Europe. The large Kingdom formed after Hungarian nobles seized the Croatian Kingdom and filled in the vacuum left by the collapse of the Hungarian Kingdom in the face of the Mongol invasions. Held together by a very decentralized group of nobles.
Kingdom of Wallachia	King Adam II Guthkeled-D’Argin	Romanian	Catholic		Rump state of previous Guthkeled led Romanian Kingdom.

Italy​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Duchy of Two Sicilies	Duke Girvasiu Lantpertidi	Sicillian	Catholic	Countess Biatrici Arpad of Pugghia	Controls most of Southern Italy. Significant Mediterranean trade. HRE member.
County of Capoue	Count Thierry Karling-Marcq	Neopolitan	Catholic		Led by the last remaining Karling cadet branch. HRE member.
County of Sardinia	Countess Patrizia Wigeriche of Sardinia, Spoleto, and Ancona	Sardinian	Catholic		HRE member. Once a large and powerful Kingdom that spawned many famous crusaders. Since subjugation by the HRE has lost significant influence in North Africa. Second cousin once-removed of Grand Duke Arnaud of Tuscany.
Free City of Pisa	Mayor Michele de Larsa	Tuscan	Catholic		HRE member. Key trade city on the Italian peninsula.
Grand Duchy of Tuscany	Grand Duke Arnaud Wigeriche	Tuscan	Catholic		HRE member. Second cousin once-removed of Countess Patrizia of Sardinia.
County of Genoa	Count Domenico Dunkeld	Ligurian	Catholic		Related to Dunkeld dynasty who were emperors of the HRE. HRE member.
Duchy of Milan	Duke Gelduin III Dunkeld of Milan and Piedmont	Lombard	Catholic		HRE member. Related to Dunkeld dynasty who were emperors of the HRE.
County of Modena	Count Vladimir Wettin	Romangol	Catholic		HRE member. Minor state.
Bishopric of Romagna	Bishop Nazareno di Urbino	Romangol	Catholic		HRE member. Close ties to the Papacy.
County of Verona	Duke Manfredo von Zahringen	Venetian	Catholic		HRE member. Controls Venice proper.
County of Treviso	Count Beneke Salian	Austrian	Catholic		HRE member. The only Germanic state on the peninsula, established by an imperial grant from the HRE.
Free City of Venice	Mayor Ardicino II di Treviso	Venetian	Catholic		HRE member. Seeks reclaim Venice proper. Protected by the emperor due to its importance to trade.
Electorate of Istrie	Elector Filibert II von Franken	Slovene	Catholic		HRE elector. Small but politically significant realm in the empire.

 

[overthetop_G]

Wonderful to see Part Two! Will there be a colonial empire?

 

[Idhrendur]

It's wonderful to see this continue!

 

[TheButterflyComposer]

Good good

 

[Nikolai]

Ready for more.

 

[HistoryDude]

It's nice to see this continue, and I do appreciate this glimpse at the rest of the world.

The crusaders look to have been very successful...

How did the ERE collapse?

 

[ardsss]

It's nice to see this continue, and I do appreciate this glimpse at the rest of the world.

The crusaders look to have been very successful...

How did the ERE collapse?

The ERE was invaded by the Mongols. When they collapsed there were many pretenders to the ERE. The strongest being the Kingdom of Greece, though Ikonion is keeping its own for now.

 

[Midnite Duke]

Thank you for first round of debriefings. It looks to be more fractured world than a typical EU4 start.

 

[ardsss]

Thank you for first round of debriefings. It looks to be more fractured world than a typical EU4 start.

Yes, EU4 is really the time for consolidation, so hopefully when we go into Vicky3 we have some good empires.

 

[jak7139]

I just finished your CK3 portion in time for EU4. Good luck!

 

[ardsss]

Early Modern Lithuanian History – HIST1611 – Background Reading - pgs 17-19 – The World of 1444 - Notes - Professor: Jonas Matas​

France​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of France	King Hildebert de Voisins	Gallo (Celtic French)	Catholic	Prince Barral II de Poitiers of Peitau. Prince Josselin de Riencourt of Toulouse. Prince Iunmonoc de Porhoet of Burgundy. Prince Thibault de Poitiers of Orleans. Duchess Melisende de Abbeville.	Refuses to recognize the county of Dauphine and Duchy of Provence as official HRE territory. France has a complex court system, in which the four principalities have significant say in politics and have a right to be on the King’s council. Flanders as the mere duchy does not share the same privileges.
County of Dauphine	Guy IV Dunkeld-Villars, Holy Roman Emperor and Count of Dauphine	German	Catholic		Current HRE Emperor.
Duchy of Provence	Duke Ramon de Nice	Occitan	Catholic		HRE member.

British Isles​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of England	King Maurice de Molle	English	Catholic	Duchess Mahaut Mathrafal of Mercie. Duke Bruide Crovan of Gwynedd. Earl Simon de Molle of Ulster.	One of two major powers on the British Isles.
Kingdom of Scotland	King Iain II Dunkeld-Castletown of Scotland.	Catholic	Scottish	Duchess Glynys Mathrafal of Kresteizberzh. King Simon Dunkeld-Castletown of Munster. King Simon O’Donnell of Clanricarde.	One of two major powers on the British Isles. Distant relatives of the Dunkeld rulers in the HRE and hopes to use continental rulers to help combat England.

Holy Roman Empire​

Realm*	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Lotharingia	King-Elector Hamelin II Chatenois-Sponheim of Lotharingia	Lotharingian	Catholic		HRE Elector. Largest realm in the HRE.
Kingdom of Bohemia	King-Elector Enguerrand Salian	Czech	Catholic	Sudetes.	HRE Elector.
Electorate of Franconia	King Ezzo von Lusatia	Franconian	Catholic		HRE Elector.
Duchy of Bavaria	Duchess Richenza von Segeberg	Bavarian	Catholic		Large duchy who wishes to attain electorate status.
*minor German states omitted for brevity.

Scandinavia​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Denmark	Personal union under Poland.	Danish	Catholic	Duchy of Jutland.	Has been a dominion of the Polish on and off for about a century.
Kingdom of Sweden	King Filip Fluga	Swedish	Catholic	Duke Algot II af Thorsass of Smalond Duchess Bertha Etichonen-Hroarskelda of Sombio	Strong ambitions for uniting Scandinavia. Limited authority over the Duke of Smalond.
Kingdom of Norway	King Tolir Bese	Norwegian	Catholic	Duchess Sif Krabbe of Jamtaland. Duke Grettir Bese of Finnmarken. Duke Bilzi II Savolainen of Guoladat. Duke Hasteinn III Krabbe of Halogaland.	Largest kingdom by size, but has many unruly subjects. Limited military. Dominion over the many Sami realms and peoples in northern Scandinavia.

Poland​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Pomerania	King Wit Godziemba	Kashubian	Catholic		Once a part of the Kingdom of Poland. The Godziembas continue to assert their claims to the Polish throne.
Kingdom of Poland	King Jakusz II of Naklo of Poland and Denmark	Polish	Catholic	Duke Nadbor II of Naklo of Silesia. Duke Martin Andreievich of Danzing. Kniaz Ondrej of Naklo of Dregowicze. Kniaz Iliya Rurikid of Pinsk. Duchess Danuta z Pomorza of Grodno.	Large consolidated kingdom in Europe. History with Lithuania oscillates in between allies of convenience and rivalry. Lithuania was once a subject to the Kingdom.

The Baltic and Russia​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Regency Council (heir-apparent Mantvydas Suvalkija-Selpils)	Lithuanian	Catholic	Grand-Duke Erdvilas Suvalkija-Selpils of Estonia. Kniaz Vizgirdas Suvalkija of Polotsk.	More discussion in class.
Grand-Principality of Novgorod	Grand Kniaz Izbor Z Pomorza	Novgorodian	Catholic	Duke Roman Seljuk of Livonia. Kniaz Ivan II Rurikid of Smolensk. Chief Andrzej z Pomorza of Chudia	Large Russian realm which has adopted expansionist policies in the last century. Descendant from Kashubian dynasty.
Grand-Duchy of Latgalia	Grand Duke Golovke II Kantakouzenos	Latgalian	Catholic		Minor independent state that remains from the former Kingdom of Estonia.
Grand Principality of Muscovy	Grand Kniaz Philaretos Doukas	Muscovite	Catholic		Distant descendant of Byzantine emperors, and claims the title emperor.
Emirate of Ryazan	Prince Kezhapa Nydogid	Ryazanian	Sunni		One of the only Islamic Russian states.

Ruthenia and the Steppe​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Grand Principality of Zaporozhie	Grand Prince Iakobos Bagratuni-Tikhon	Ruthenian	Catholic	Duke Ioane Hiort of Lebedia. Duke Janusz Bodzeta of Don Valley. Duke Borivoj Guthkeled.	First established by early Lithuanian crusaders, the Kingdom fell to the invading Mongols. Post Mongol collapse, local rulers reestablished the Kingdom. Expansive network of multicultural vassals.
Princedom of Kiev (Croatian Vassal)	Kniaz Mihail Doukas	Ruthenian	Catholic		Eastern most point of Crotian influence in Europe.
Principality of Chernigov	Kniaz Rostislav Rurikid	Ruthenian	Orthodox
Duchy of Voronezh	Duke Trifon Okansky	Ruthenian	Orthodox
Duchy of Novosil	Duke Yelisey Rurikid	Muscovite	Orthodox
Duchy of Tula	Duke Rurik Okansky	Ryazanian	Orthodox
Principality of Karachev	Kniaz Koz’Ma Rurikid	Muscovite	Orthodox
Kingdom of Saray	King Kaisarios Bagratuni-Tikhon	Khazar	Catholic

The Caucasus​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Borjigin Empire	Great Sultan Bulgan Borgijin	Mongol	Sunni	Sheikh Rasul Mazyadid of Al-Kufa. Sheikh Jahan Abbasid of Baghdad. Sheikh Ashraf IV Majid of Samarra. Sheikh Abdul-Razzay Mazyadid of Basra. Sheikh Is’Mail Mazyadid of Wasit.	Remnant of the Mongolian Empire in the Middle East. Recently granted more autonomy to its subjects in Mesopotamia.
Kingdom of Armenia	Princess Duda Bagrationi	Armenian	Orthodox		Distant relative of the King of Georgia.
Kingdom of Georgia	Mepe Teimuraz Bagrationi, King of Georgia and Gilan	Georgian	Orthodox	Mtavari Ushisha Abazasdze of Ardalan.	Large realm in Caucuses. Rose to power after the Mongol collapse.
Sheikdom of Ciscausia	Sheikh Abolhassan II Kesranid	Azerbaijani	Catholic		Originally a Islamic state, later converted to Catholicism to avoid incursion by the neigh

Persia​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Shahdom of Persia	Shah Zia Albolhassan	Persian	Sunni		Seeks to dominate the sheikdom of Fars, in order to assert religious dominance.
Duchy of Gurgan	Duke Mengucek Seljuk	Oghuz	Orthodox		Turkic realm successfully converted by Georgian missionaries.
Sheikhdom of Fars	Sheikh Asim Elsebaam.	Persian	Shia		Leader of Shia Muslims in the region.

 

[overthetop_G]

Interesting...

 

[TheButterflyComposer]

Scottish people that far south of rhe border is interesting. Lots of intermixed.

France has to pull itself together rather quickly.

 

[ardsss]

Early Modern Lithuanian History – HIST1611 – Background Reading - pgs 19-21 – The World of 1444 - Notes - Professor: Jonas Matas​

Arabian Peninsula​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Fatimid Great Imamate (aka Crusader Fatimid)	Great Imam Hanri II Fatimid	Syrian	Shia		Created by a relative of the Fatimid dynasty after the destruction of their empire during the crusades. Early adopter and proliferator of Shia Islam. Theocratic government. Controls key trade regions in Persia and the Horn of Africa.
Yemeni Sultanate	Sultan Junaid Asaid	Yemeni	Sunni		Once a large realm, lost significant land to invasions by the Fatimids.
Emirate of Haasa	Emir Georgios Fatimid	Omani	Shia		Originally established as a Fatimid fiefdom, was able to gain independence.

Horn of Africa​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Nubia	King Nassir Mirifle	Nubian	Coptic
Kingdom of Ethiopia	Regency Council (heir-apparent Tengene Zagwe)	Amhara	Coptic		Large Coptic Kingdom.
Adalan Sultanate	Sultan Yayyo II Abgal	Somali	Sunni		Main rival of Ethiopian kingdom.
Emirate of Warsangali	Emir Gerad Siciid Abgal	Somali	Sunni

Central Asia​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Jalmat Horde	Jinong Pagan Songol	Bashkir	Sunni
Jemba Horde	Jinong Kza Toksid	Oghuz	Sunni
Golden Empire	Emperor Otrok Nilkar	Kyrgyz	Catholic		Remnant of the Mongol Empire.

Indian Subcontinent​

Realm	Ruler	Culture	Religion	Subjects	Notes
Kingdom of Punjab	Maharaja Jassaka Vikramditydid	Panjabi	Hindu
Empire of Kosala	Empeor Rani Bangala Varman	Rajasthani	Hindu		Second largest empire in the world, after China.
Kingdom of Gujarat	Maharaja Vahbata Solanki	Gujarati	Hindu		Key trade kingdom.
Kingdom of Carnatic	Regency Council	Telugu	Hindu
Kingdom of Madurai	Mahrani Mailaladevi	Tamil	Hindu
Kingdom of Garha	King Khadgodyama Vakapalid	Oriya	Mahayana
Kingdom of Tirhut	Maharaja Ayus Bangala Varman	Avadhi	Hindu
Kingdom of Bengal	King Chandranarayan Pala	Bengali	Gyur Bon

 

[Midnite Duke]

No Islamic realms in India? Bengal Pagan? Thank you for updating

 

[TheButterflyComposer]

India being almost entirely Hindu is a huge deal.

Coptic surviving in Africa is also interesting.

Arabia still being the home of Islam despite a load of crusader states indicates some chaos in the future.

 

[jak7139]

Shia Arabia? Pagan Bengal? A sizeable Buddhist minority in India? All very interesting!

 

[Nikolai]

Quite the world.

 

[HistoryDude]

How low the Mongols have fallen!

France looks to be very feudal, while the HRE looks surprisingly unified. That could be a fascinating dynamic.

How did the count of a disputed county get elected as emperor of the HRE?

What's Muscovy's justification for claiming the title of emperor?

How did Kiev become a Croatian vassal?

 

[ardsss]

How low the Mongols have fallen!

France looks to be very feudal, while the HRE looks surprisingly unified. That could be a fascinating dynamic.

How did the count of a disputed county get elected as emperor of the HRE?

What's Muscovy's justification for claiming the title of emperor?

How did Kiev become a Croatian vassal?

Muscovy claims the title because its dynasty (Doukas) was related to the emperors.

When the mongol empires started falling appart Croatia-Hungary expanded into Galicia-Volhynia first and then as far east as Kiev.