[Forum Game] - Twilight Struggle

[XVG]

March of the Volunteers ​

On Diplomatic Relations
​

Full recognition is extended to the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Republic of Iraq. The PRC is delighted to note that recognition of the legitimate government and the embracing of our one China policy is spreading, especially among recently liberated nations. Offers to recognize the PRC are extended to various other nations, and this would indeed further the relations between the PRC and respective Asian and African countries. Our intentions are peaceful, and as shown at the Asian-African Bandung Conference, we are ready to co-operate for common good.

We hope to soon receive embassies for Iraq and Egypt here in Beijing, and Chinese embassies in Baghdad and Cairo. Hopefully trade and culture links may soon be created between our countries. The PRC continues to remain steadfast in the support for the various independence and liberation movements in Africa and Asia – regardless of their ideological standing. Thus the PRC is offering diplomatic recognition to the Sudanese Arab Republic.

Representatives of the Algerian Provisional Government are also invited to arrive in Beijing, so that talks may be held concerning possibilities and realities related to the establishment of diplomatic relations. We also offer our solidarity and sympathy to the Kenyan Liberation Movement, as well as to the brave anti-imperialist fighters of the Malaya. Even though the PRC has been largely unable to help the struggle of the Malayans, your fight will not be forgotten.

Zhou Enlai, Foreign Minister of PRC​

---

All proletarians of the world, oppressed peoples and ethnic minorities rise together and unite!​

 

[Dadarian]

The Dark Years; 1954 - '56​

The Mau Mau were in a position that would challenge the greatest of revolutionaries, let alone desperate tribesmen in a forgotten third world colony. The Mau Mau were up against a trained and experienced army that was technologically superior of the wannabe freedom fighters, a powerful and united nation that was experienced in colonial discontent and had wide spread support. It was going to be a challenge, and one that seemed insurmountable to achieve when compared to the odds.

The Dark Years began with the Purge of Nairobi in the middle of 1954. The Purge was in response to raids made by the Mau Mau against British work camps. This led to General "Bloody George" Erskine to announce the closure of Nairobi following a thorough examination of the members of the city. 50,000 people were rounded up and deported to camps while the RAF used their arms to "convince" Kenyans to stay in the city. This was a hard blow to the Mau Mau, as it damaged both their importation connections and hurt their monetary suppliers. However it gave the Mau Mau strength to fight back.

This led to the Mau Mau conducting a massive pushback. Hundreds of plantations were burned, dozens of work camps liberated. While attempts to kill both loyalist Africans and Europeans were made, the power of the British Colonial Troops was enough to stave off most battles. However it seemed that the Mau Mau attempts to scare the British out of Africa only made the British desire for their colony burn hotter.

Expecting heavy repercussions from the British due to their offensive the previous year, the Mau Mau leadership decided that the best course of action would be to sour British perception abroad. Utilising their contacts in Ethiopia, stories and pictures of the horrors of Kenyan work camps were released into the West. Combined with surprisingly similar cases in Malaya, it became obvious of the type of regime that Britain wanted to be colonially. However the international community did not care, and while a couple of nations condemned the UK for their actions (mostly communists) the actions of the tyrannical French took all the attention away from Britain and ended that line of pressure.

Back in Kenya, the British upped the ante by removing many of the grievances of the Kenyan tribes, such as the hated Hut Tax, the inability to grow cash crops and an amnesty to all captured militants. On top of all that, the Protected Villagers Act put 10 regulars in every village, effectively protecting it from any attack the Mau Mau could afford to do. While this burned through the British coffers, it severely weakened the movement as many of the problems that plagued the colony were removed and rebels simply went home.

However all was not lost, as the leaders of the Mau Mau took with the idea of bleeding the British dry. Staying low to the ground, dispersed and moving, the Mau Mau managed to mostly evade the British and keep up attacks, raids and general destruction of the properties. By the end of 1955, it was estimated that the colony was costing the British government some 5 trillion dollars (5,000,000,000,000$) to keep around.

This was not to be forever unfortunately, as the leaders decided to keep their heads further down. This resulted in smaller and fewer raids being done in an attempt to keep the British on their toes. This only resulted in British conducting both cost saving measures by grouping many of the smaller villages into large ones, increased raids against the Mau Mau (which the led the public to believe he war was starting to be won), and finally capturing important rebel lieutenants.

All in all, by 1957, the days looked very grim for the Mau Mau. Something had to give, and Kimathi and just the idea.

 

[99KingHigh]

The Chancellor's Speech to the German Public​

Upon a glimpse of our young nation, many would witness a genesis cloaked in fire and fallacious morals. Unlike those nations that enclose our own, our predecessors were no paragons of virtue or apotheosis of righteous ethics. They failed the values that the human race must endorse, and rejected the democratic principles the preceding decades had introduced. We were all at fault - not just our angered fathers - but the frustrated sons. And from our failure, punishment inevitable, we abandoned our indignant path, and returned to the values that shape all nations that seek the new possibilities of an old world reborn. In our distinction, uninfluenced by the wrongs of our forefathers, we have taken the first strides back onto a virtuous path. The struggle has not been without casualty; some among our solemn ranks have rebuked the reforming ways and have taken fatal arms with another authority that has little distinction to that which we were so recently liberated. And in their rejection, much of our own have been strangled without consent and forced into silent obedience. But we will not follow this despondent path, rather, we shall hold firm and evolve into a beacon of freedom. And this beacon shall be the inspiration for all dissent against those that uphold the totalitarian bonds of servitude. And we shall not break in our commitment to liberty - liberty of both the individual and his industry. These are sacred to all men who seek to guard this nation and its principles with due diligence. The state will protect the people, but it shall not excuse this protection for a violation of their rights. The state will serve the people, but it shall not infringe upon fairness of competition nor distort the sedulous German workforce for its own martial production. We act not as an independent institution to which all are bound, but rather, as a system to which all people may thrive. And the German nation has proved itself committed and punctilious. From the wreck of warfare, plagued with seemingly irrevocable damage, the German people have grasped the tools of manufacturing and the contrivances of finance, and built themselves a paradise of democracy that our bordered enemies shall not corrupt!

We will not bend nor break to the demands of our enemies, cloaked in a bloody sheet of Communism, which insists on a silent oppression so vast and so iniquitous that its very breath does pollute human air. They believe the only way to further the social quality of mankind is to force their self-obsessed programs down the throat of an unwilling populace. Have we not proved them wrong? Have we not proved that social progress and political liberty, liberal and authentic, can be achieved without unwarranted oppression? And with such revelation, we do weep for our brethren - caught in chains and static in movement. Millions and millions, every day, imprisoned, not by walls or irons, but by the state and their merciless forces of war.Our road is a different path - we shall achieve victory through prosperity. The riches of cooperation, as shown by agreements across this western continent, will bring about untold treasures in all departments of economy. And Europe, once the heated heart of battlefields, will stand strong against Communism, united in our political alliances and financial consortiums. We will destroy oppression through an image, so perfected, that all people will scramble to its serenity. Peaceful, affluent, and dedicated - we have taken the first step towards European stability, and German prosperity. This is our commitment to the people of the world; our resolve shall not be made malleable by foreign threat or demand. Only the advise and deliberation of democratic nations shall the world adhere. And in our devotion to freedom and homage to progress, Germany will stand tall and proud - banished from our past, hopeful for the future.

Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany​

​

 

[bakerydog]

Equipment of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces​

Schematic of the M1 Garand​

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Equipment:

Currently much of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force is made up of surplus equipment from the Allied powers and remaining equipment from Imperial Japan. Currently the standard rifle in use with all JGSF units is the M1 Garand due to its impressive rate of fire and its availability from surplus Allied stocks. The M1 Carbine is also currently being used as a training weapon in addition to shortened Type 99 rifles which have been stripped of all Imperial Japan markings. Heavier weapons such as the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifles are also being issued to JGSF units along with the M1919 Browning Machine Gun until more permanent replacements can be found. The main artillery piece of the JGSF is the M114 Howitzer, which is an effective artillery piece able to suppress enemy units effectively.

The M41 Walker Bulldog in use during the Korean conflict​

The main arms of the armored component of the JGSF are the M41 Walker Bulldog and the M4A1E8 Sherman. The M41 Walker Bulldog is an effective vehicle able to reach speeds of 72 KPH while also being able to penetrate most modern vehicles with its 76 mm M32 main gun. While an older vehicle M4A1E8 Shermans are still able to see modern combat with its highly capable 76mm High Velocity cannon.


Japan Air Self-Defense Force Equipment:

A parked F-86 Sabre​

The JASDF is one of the most modern air forces in the world possessing the North American F-86 Sabre which has proved itself in air combat by being able to stand against other modern aircraft such as the MiG-15. Given that the F-86 Sabre flies at near supersonic speeds training is extremely hazardous for pilots.


Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Equipment:

A Japanese surplus destroyer in service during World War Two​

By far the smallest branch of the Self Defense Forces of Japan the JMSDF commands only a small amount of surplus destroyers used for patrolling Japan's territorial waters currently.

 

[LatinKaiser]

Magyar Népköztársaság

Workers of Hungary!

Once again, this has been a good year for Communism in our great country. We have seen an outpouring of support for true Communism, and a near-universal condemnation of the murderous and destructive policies of Stalin and his lackeys, such as Mátyás Rákosi. Furthermore, our industry is booming and our economy is growing, bringing prosperity to every Hungarian, whether he is a farmer, soldier, our worker. Internationally, we also see the fight against fascism and imperialism continue. The people of Algeria, long oppressed by the French government, are taking steps towards true independence from foreign occupation. In Italy, fascist and counter-revolutionary forces have been deposed, and although the Italians are not completely free of their fascist oppressors, they are fighting a glorious battle against their foes. In countries who already bask in the light of Communist prosperity, we also see success and peace. However, we must be ever vigilant and alert, for only together can we hold off the forces of capitalism and oppression. Only together can we grow Communism -- only together, can we create a greater Hungary!

~ Imre Nagy, General-Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party

 

[Korona]

Diplomatic Statements from the Republic of Austria​

The Foreign Ministry on the strife in Italy

The Republic of Austria frowns upon this unnecessary strife in the Republic of Italy. After the oppression of the Italian Social Republic, the Republic of Austria feels like the Republic of Italy deserves a democratically elected legislature, with a head of state that is elected by the people. In regards to the refugees that are currently gathering at the Austro-Italian border, the Republic of Austria would be glad to open up immigration checkpoints at the border in the event that a fascist or communist regime takes power in the Republic of Italy.

Chancellor Raab on the crisis in Algeria

"...From the bottom of my heart, I sincerely hope that the French government can peacefully resolve the rough waters of the independence of Algeria. Lives are not things to be wasted, and a war in Algeria would only tear at the hearts of both the Algerian and French people."

 

[Bonecracker(NL)]

To: Vice Admiral Charles Brown
From: EUCOM

Government of Turkey declares eight Soviet submarines crossing Turkish straits. Dispatch equal force to shadow. Report movements.

 

[Stormbringer]

Note

To: Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party


I am writing to congratulate you on your election to the position of first secretary, and to express my concern over some reports that I have received from Poland. I hope that my concerns are unfounded, or that we can together find appropriate remedies to the situation.

My concern comes from the forceful expulsion of a number of comrades from the ranks of the PUWP. It is understandable that those responsible for crimes against the country or the party that are now coming to light must be held responsible. But we must not throw out the baby, so to speak, with the bathwater. Efforts to remove Stalin's cult of personality and its consequences must not transition into a cult of de-Stalinization. Crimes must be punished and excesses must be curbed, but at the same time great accomplishments of the Socialist revolution must not be discarded in the process. In my view the last twenty years of Socialist progress in the USSR have been a success.

We are building a society and an economic system that has not existed previously. Our guidelines are clear in Marxism-Leninism, but these works are not a manual, and much is left to us to determine. I fear that by discarding the views of those who have led the USSR and Poland to the place we are at now we are repeating the very same mistakes they have made. A diversity of views is essential if we are to find our way in the difficult task before us. I hope very much that you are not discarding the important voices of comrades who share our values and our goals, even if the methods they prefer differ from your own.

I wish you the very best of luck in the job that is now before you. The Polish people and the Soviet people are all relying on you.

Mikhail Suslov, secretary CPSU

 

[Frymonmon]

GM Note: After three long years of writing and GMing for this wonderful community that we've all been able to create, I've decided that it is time for me to scale back my involvement with these games, and have been forced to undertake a large series of cuts in order to maintain a similar level of enjoyment. As such, Twilight Struggle will continue, but it will be on a much reduced scale. I have posted below the new player list with which we shall be moving forward with. Mathrim, for his brief period of around three days and half a beer, has been removed from his duties as a GM. Dadarian shall continue on moving forward.

Country: Player - GM

North/South America

• United States: Dutchbag - Frymonmon

Europe

• United Kingdom: MagnificentOne - Frymonmon
• France: KeldoniaSkylar - Frymonmon
• Italy: Maxwell500 - Frymonmon
• West Germany: KingHigh99 - Frymonmon
• Yugoslavia: Ekon - Frymonmon
• East Germany: Cheef - Frymonmon
• Poland: Haresus - Frymonmon
• Czechoslovakia: Duke - Frymonmon
• Soviet Union: Stormbringer - Frymonmon

Asia

• China: XVG - Frymonmon
• India: Spectre - Frymonmon
• Korea, N: Shynka - Frymonmon
• Korea, S: Groogy - Frymonmon
• Vietnam, N: Harps - Frymonmon
• Vietnam, S: Firelordsky - Frymonmon
• Iran: Magister - Dadarian
• Iraq: Noco - Dadarian
• Israel: etranger01 - Dadarian
• Pakistan: Julius - Dadarian

Africa

• Egypt: Watercress - Dadarian
• FLN: Mathrim - Dadarian

 

[nachopontmercy]

OOC: I want to apologize for my long absence from this game. The new job is really attractive and challenging, but, alas, it has taken a lot of my free time away. Right now, I can barely keep on reading the ICs, not to mention sending orders. I do not know if it is just my impression, but it seems that the game requires a lot more of time now. Don´t get me wrong, the game is better with the IC rule and so much activity, but I can´t keep with it.

Anyways, thanks and apologies to Fry and Mathrim, i will be, ofc, following the game closely.

 

[Harpsichord]

13th Plenary Session of the 2nd Central Committee of the Workers Party of Vietnam, 1957
​

At the 13th plenum of the Central Committee, several new members of the Committee were selected:

Hoàng Văn Hoan
Nguyễn Duy Trinh
Phạm Hùng
Lê Thanh Nghị
Lê Duẩn
Hoàng Minh Chính

The Committee then moved to discuss the issue of unification with the south, called for in the Treaty of Hanoi but with no outline of how it would be achieved.

First, Lê Duẩn discussed his 1956 work "The Road to the South". He outlined his vision of a "non-violent revolution" to achieve unification, arguing that unification must take priority over all matters. Chairman Hồ Chí Minh, a proponent of unification, spoke in support of Duẩn's proposal, but stressed that violence must always be a last resort, "It is always better to prescribe re-education over death as the cure for those who continue with misguided thought". However, First Secretary Trường Chinh, buoyed by the success of his land reform campaign, countered that success would be achieved through economic struggle; that by proving the superiority of the communist system in the north, the south would have to concede. Doing so would ensure a non-confrontational way of unifying Vietnam. Lê Duẩn countered that supporters of communism in the south are "at the mercy of the imperialists...our brothers in the south will bleed while we sit on our mounds of rice." Hoàng Minh Chính, a member of the Democratic Party, echoed the Chairman; he spoke against military action against the south, arguing it would be damaging to their cause, and instead suggested that a referendum be held in both parts of the nation.

After much debate, the plenum accepted the main proposals in principal . Hồ Chí Minh termed this a "dual revolution", and charged Trường Chinh with overseeing the socialist transformation of the north while Lê Duẩn would focus on a southern strategy. Phạm Văn Đồng was instructed to correspond with his counterpart in the south, and raise the question of a nation-wide referendum on unification.

 

[Frymonmon]

Selected headlines from around the World, January to December of 1957​

News from ongoing Military Engagements

In the Kenyan jungles, the hunt for the Mau Mau’s leader raged on, as the insurgency that was one formidable, now resembled a few spattered remains of fighting. Reconnaissance planes combed the colony, as bombing runs were made on those areas spotted to be rebel camps, or even suspected to be rebel camps. In retaliation for these bombings, in Nairobi, the home of a wealthy Briton was bombed, killing four, while a man was captured with explosives attempting to board a ship to the United Kingdom.

The hunt for the rebel leader was one of the most widely publicised stories in Britain during the year, with tales of the army’s every move detailed, several days behind their actual movements so as not to give any information to the rebels. Camps were constantly found just abandoned, and in many cases, high levels of the leadership were able to be captured. After the sixth camp raid, Kimathi was finally sighted by the British soldiers, who attempted to shoot him, but he narrowly escaped, after being wounded. Mau Mau fighters continued to try and resist the British, with one gruesome attack with a machete against a British soldier being detailed, further cementing anti-Mau Mau sentiment. Kimathi was finally captured, identified, and executed on September the 16th, 1957, leading to a large celebration for the end of the rebellion. There would, however, still be a scattered amount of resistance across Kenya, not expected to last more than a few months.

British soldiers in the Jungles of Kenya.​

With the remaining handover of bases to the Malayans complete in the early months of the year, the British soldiers who had once been fighting communists guerillas in Asia, were now forced to the Sudan to deal with the uprisings there. A main command was to establish total and effective control over the border between Sudan and Egypt, along with the Ethiopia-Sudan border. This, of course, was nearly impossible without a massive commitment of men, leading the British only to fly sorties over the border region, logging any crossing activity and bombing those that they could. Control of the border, however, remained very loose, allowing supplies to flow in from both Egypt and Ethiopia to the rebels. In the city of Juba, leftist student demonstrations were joined by peasants protesting the conditions imposed upon them, dragging out the British representative into the city square and executing him, declaring Juba the capital of a free Equatoria. Radical elements fighting in southern Sudan announced their allegiance to Equatoria, demanding the formation of a socialist state. The British, who did not expect much from the southern attacks, were caught off guard and forced to deploy resources to fighting the threat in the south. Guerilla activity in the north resulted in several hundred British lives being taken while on patrol. While assaults against rebel camps did take place, the British were beaten back several times.

Partially in retaliation to the support in Sudan for rebels, and partially due to the problems with Israel ongoing in the region, the United Kingdom launched a surprise assault on Egypt, declaring that the Suez Canal must be made safe for all traffic. During the early hours of Christmas Morning, British planes flew over the canal, strafing some Egyptian forces, while they dropped Paratroopers into Port Said, capturing the Egyptians by surprise. A landing by the Marines further cemented the control over the region, and made it impossible for Egyptian supplies to reach the Sinai. The British issued a statement declaring that none may cross over the canal, but that shipping would be kept clear and open for traffic. The Egyptian government responded in an outrage, announcing the nationalisation of all British assets in the country, along with the nationalisation of the Suez canal. While the Royal Navy had not yet deployed to the region, the Egyptians were keen to sink several ships at the entrance of the canal, making it impossible to traverse.

British Marines in Port Said.​

This surprise attack on Egypt by the British government happened concurrently by a surprise assault by the IDF. Israeli paratroopers, dropped behind enemy lines, secured the Mitla Pass while IAF Mustangs destroyed the communications structure in the Sinai utilising highly coordinated attacks on important telephone junctions. Following this, infantry and armoured divisions quickly moved to envelop and seize Egyptian locations, with the Gaza Strip, Arish, Abu Uwayulah, and Sharm el-Sheikh all being captured within the course of three hours. The Egyptian divisions, outnumbered, outgunned, and out maneuvered had no choice but to surrender. By the end of the year 24,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured and the Sinai peninsula was held by Israeli Government, much to the pride of the IDF.

While Tunisia was granted independence under a weak pro-French government headed by Mohamed Chenik, a former minister in the Tunisian government, who announced capitalist reforms and an end to the revolt against the French. His rule was not well received, as Habib Bourguiba lead an Army coup against him, seating himself as President of the Republic. Salah ben Youssef then emerged to lead popular demonstrations against Bourguiba, who was powerless to stop large portions of the Army defecting to him. He was able to escape from the capital on a yacht, before making the trip to France, where he had claimed the country had fallen into “radical” hands. Salah ben Youssef then announced himself as President, and proclaimed a pro-Arab and pro-FLN policy, allowing the FLN to establish a foothold within the border region, and openly advertising Tunis as a port of entry for all help flowing to the FLN.

Fighting in Algeria is much more muted during the year, as the French begin to withdraw from some of their most extreme pushes. Citizens Militias are formed from the Pied-Noirs, where the government openly hands out large amounts of military-grade weaponry, hoping that they would ensure the deaths of any FLN activists. In many cases, Arabs that were caught of some minor deeds, such as shoplifting, were murdered in the streets by rifles, and an atmosphere resembling an American lynchmob began to set in. Walls were then constructed around Algiers, Oran, and Constantine, securing them from the outside world, and creating a bastion of French control.

News from the First World

In keeping with President Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace Programme, the United States Congress authorises the funding of several Navy-run nuclear reactors which would produce electricity to then be sold to the American public. The planned locations were near Springfield, Massachusetts, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Richmond, Virginia, and Sacramento, California. While the names of these important cities were announced, the government was clear to assert that the reactors would be placed outside the cities, and only used to help power them.

In a response to a damning report on the current state of the American education system, which many believed was well behind the Soviet Union’s system. The National Defense Education Act was drafted by Congress, which put forward a massive change in America’s curriculum, which advocated for increased funding towards science and maths, along with a completely re-vamped system of pay-grades for teachers. This, coupled with the massive funding allocated for the construction of new schools across the nation, was the largest investment the country took on in the field of education. With the problems faced from the launch of Sputnik, for the first time Americans could be optimistic moving forward.

With the American response to the Russian coup little more than a piece of paper and the shifting of funding, there were massive demands for a more tangible response, to prove that the United States was not falling behind in her schedule. The Navy’s Vanguard project was thus given the go ahead for a launch on September 18th for an orbital launch, despite the original timeline listing it as only a suborbital test. As the day neared, there were some who believed that the Vanguard rocket would never fly, but thousands of reporters and spectators flocked to Florida to watch America’s response to the Soviet Union. The small satellite, many times smaller than Sputnik-1, was fitted atop the rocket in full working order, ready for its journey into space. As the timer ticked down, nearly the entire nation stood at the ready, until the clock struck zero, and the engines roared to life. A sudden malfunction in the turbopump, presumably caused by a burst pipe, resulted in a loss of combustion, and the rocket began to fall back to the earth, after only rising a mere half a metre. The rocket exploded into a ball of fire, throwing the satellite ten metres away, where it began to broadcast its signal. Hailed as “Flopnik” or “Kaputnik” by the media, it was yet another blow to American prestige. The go-ahead then landed on Wernher von Braun and his team in Alabama to try and launch their alternative satellite, called “Explorer”. In late October, the final confirmation came in, allowing the Redstone-based Juno I rocket to be set up for a launch. Late in the night, all the final preparations had been made, and the go for launch had been given. The rocket flawlessly cleared its launch stand, and swooped out over the Atlantic, with tracking stations in Bermuda confirming the firing of the final three stages of the four-stage rocket. A few minutes after midnight, the signal were heard loud and clear in Canaveral, as Explorer-1 began to beam back data gathered from outer space.

Audio from the Blockhouse that launched Explorer-1.
​

Construction resumes of two battleships, which were nearing their completion with a skeleton crew. With the new money invested into their production, their competition took place at a rapid pace, as both were slated to begin sea trials early in 1958. There were also reports of increased funding to the Air Force, for their own project of phasing out older aircraft models.

The place of the Republic of Brazil between the Soviets and the Americans has been up in the air since the death of President Vargas. The fervent anti-communism of the dead Vargas was forgotten in a near deification based around his populist beliefs that the average Brazilian deserved to be treated equally. It was in the name of this latter ideal that President declared that the Revolução Popular would continue into the new year. Using the Goulartistas in the streets, his own clout in the government and his allies in the army, Goulart began the purge.

The President, flanked by armed guards, entered the National Congress and demanded the immediate pledge of loyalty to the Revolução Popular and to Goulart himself. This resulted in an uproar by the opposition, but it was quickly silenced as the Brazilian Labour Party, the Brazilian Communist Party, and the Brazilian Socialist Party all declared their support of Goulart. This led to the populist sides of the Social Democratic Party of Brazil and the Progressive Social Party to quickly declare their support to the President. Left alone, the remainder of the Social Democrats, Progressives, and the various Conservatives either submitted to Goulart’s authority or were thrown to the Goulartistas right outside. The time of democracy in Brazil was over and a red dawn had come to Brazil, led by President Goulart.

Spearheading his Revolução Popular, Goulart began by creating agricultural co-opts, which were born out of agricultural companies (both foreign and domestic) that were nationalised and turned into local co-operations jointly owned by the government and the farmers themselves. President Goulart furthers this by breaking up large estates owned by private individuals through nationalising the land and handing out parcels of land to said agricultural co-operatives. These actions resulted in the collapse of much of the foreign export of all agricultural goods from Brazil as the products were instead turned to domestic demand instead of the foreign market. Furthermore many of those scared for their lives (and their wealth) began to flee the nation with whatever they could get away with. The good news for Goulart however is that due to these actions he was more popular than ever in both the cities and the country.

Despite dire warnings coming from the development of the Blue Streak missile and the Black Knight rocket, Parliament responds to a directive by the Prime Minister, establishing the British National Space Centre, which assumed control of all former governmental departments focused on rocketry and reactive motion, including ones that were left under the military. It was established as a fully fledged government agency, free from the control of other ones, and able to act independently. Saunders-Roe was able to successfully test the first stage engines all at once on at the High Downs Rocket Test Site on the Isle of Wight, with plans to move forward with a launch in Australia during 1958.

The British Gold Coast and Togoland were both united by the Colonial Office during the year, paving the way for the Ghana Independence Act 1957, granting the two united colonies independence under the name “Commonwealth Realm of Ghana.” Kwame Nkrumah became the first Prime Minister of the new country, as he pledged a new future for the independent country, the first in Africa to gain independence from a colonial power.

A report was commissioned by the House of Commons which showed that the wartime destruction of continental Europe meant that while Britain reigned supreme right now, much of her industry was aging and dated, while the industrial power of the continent, being rebuilt, will be new, vibrant, and able to respond to the changing demands of a modern economy. The Industrial Act 1957 was passed to counteract some of these faults, setting forth a fifteen year time frame for which companies would be able to have their tax rates lowered, so long as they log in new investments and new machine purchases with the government’s offices. The cost of the machines would be deducted up to a certain point each year, allowing for the manufacturing sector to modernise, and get a tax break. Unfortunately for the Treasury, this programme was going to bring a massive blow to the tax collection rates, as hundreds of thousands of requests poured into London.

Mostly through working closely with fellow EEC members, and working on areas of the country still healing from the scars of the Second World War, the French government spends much of the year in investment into the economy and the strengthening of trade ties amongst member nations.

After a series of negotiations between the French Government and King Hassan II, self proclaimed of Morocco, France agrees to end the protectorate placed on Morocco, granting them full independence, so long as power is wrestled away from Ben Barka’s group. After the announcement, the rebels dispersed from power, handing it over to the regular Army, as all symbols of French power were destroyed. The official handover took place in late July, granting independence to Morocco. While Barka and the rebels had dissolved, they by no means had gone away. Assaults against Moroccan border towns and sizeable population centres left hundreds dead, as King Hassan II was officially crowned, and vowed to fight the threat to the country. While French rule had collapsed in Morocco, the new monarchy was battling accusation of being a Western puppet, and installed by the Americans simply to perpetuate western and French domination by another name. Guerrillas continued to gain more power in the South, where the Moroccan army simply ceased in operating. The border between Morocco and French Algeria was nearly non existent as Barka’s and FLN-aligned forces dominated the border region.

The situation in Italy spirals out of control as Prime Minister Togliatti made an official announcement, making a plea to the Armed Forces of Italy, asking them to stand in solidarity against the Fascist government in Naples. The commanders, many of whom were staunch anti-Communists, refused such orders, and began to mobilise their own men to attack both the Communists and the Fascists, announcing that they would take orders only from Giuseppe Mancinelli, as he represented the last remaining institution from the independent Italian Republic. The Prime Minister demanded that they instead remain in their barracks, while also announcing the formation of the People’s Militia, to directly replace the army.

The few communists that did exist inside the Army announced that they were taking command in Rome, in what they called the “Free and Independent Officers Revolt,” where a special military committee was established, banning all commanders who refused to take orders from Rome, and authorising a court martial against General Mancinelli. While the regular Army denounced these claims, saying they held no control over the armed forces, the Interior Ministry released an announcement, proclaiming that Togliatti was the only thing that would save the Republic from Communism and Dictatorship, attempting to play off the fears of a return to fascism. Few in the Army were moved by such calls, as only an estimated ten per cent of enlisted men left to try and form new units within the People’s Militias.

Revolutionaries in Rome.​

In the north, the MSI saw their power crumble against very well armed trade unionists and Communist Party members, most of whom were given weapons by the Roman government, as they fanned out across the area, establishing control through brute force, and instilling fear into the population. While Togliatti might have advocated for a peaceful revolution against the fascists, the people in the North saw nothing more than Communists running rampant over the region, killing anyone who dared opposed them. Things were not much better in the south, where MSI party members attacked Communists, but saw themselves as the true heirs to Mussolini’s Empire. While fascism was much more welcomed in the south, few people recognised the legitimacy of the government.

While the Rome government continued to grow more and more powerful, General Mancinelli lead an expedition, supplied by American and British ships, to the city of Catanzaro, capturing it with ease, and causing mass panic for the MSI, which were crushed in the early hours of fighting. Within two days, Mancinelli had announced the country placed under Martial Law, and had effective control up to Foggia. Due to the extraordinary measures, he announced that the Italian Government would cease operation until new elections could be held. After a bombing run from Sardinia, along with advancing Italian soldiers, Giorgio Almirante announced his own surrender, asking for amnesty from the advancing soldiers, declaring that he had only been acting in the anti-Communist interests of the nation. Accepting his offer, Naples was transferred to Army control on April 14th.

With the fascist collapse of power, the central claim by which Rome held it’s authority became clear. News reports were bleating out that large amounts of weapons were being shifted from Yugoslavia into Italy, leading many Italians to believe that the previous claims of not being a Soviet puppet were verifiably false. NATO observers and journalists in the Free Territory of Trieste were able to log their every move, releasing the damning information across Italy. Communist support began to fade, with few people supportive of becoming a communist puppet.

Sporadic fighting continued throughout the month, as the Italian Army’s men moved closer and closer to Rome, where the Communist government issued a large number of proclamations that stated they were undergoing a “strategic movement of active forces,” when in reality the militias were being hammered at all points, and quickly losing legitimacy. On May 3rd, General Mancinelli entered Rome, as the Communists fled to the North. From Trieste, the Italian Communists were making a full retreat into Yugoslavia, as a few lone bands stood behind in Italy, ready to fight to the finish. Despite their valiant stands, the Communists were destroyed as an active military force across Italy.

As the dust settled, elections were held on July 18th, under a highly reorganised system. The right-wing was represented by the Democratic-Republican Unity Party, the left was organised until the Popular Democracy Front, while the former fascists were banned from political activity. The Italian National Party took hold as the far-right wing replacement, but nowhere near the power it had previously. The monarchists were able to remain as their former status, while the Communists organised themselves under the banner of simply “The Party.” The Democratic-Republican Unity Party won 286 seats, and were able to form a government with the Monarchist National Party, who gained 24 seats. The Popular Democracy Front managed to win 194 seats, while the Italian National Party only gained 6. The Communists managed an impressive post-collapse 18 seats, with the remaining 68 going to minor parties. Giovanni Malagodi was selected to become the next Prime Minister, promising reconciliation, and end to Fascism, and even hinted at wishing to forge a more neutral ground.

Prime Minister Malagodi addressing the Italian Parliament.​

The planned development of the settlement by the name of Ashdod was meant to be a wonderful place, where fleeing Jews from Morocco could settle comfortably. The settlement was meant to be a symbol of how the state of Israel could not only care for their own, but find a place for any and all refugees. However plans were put on the backburner as the government of Israel received horrific news. The 22 families that were meant to move into Ashdod had been victims of the violence that was occurring in Morocco during 1957. With no one to move into Ashdod, the plan was shelved for the year and the issue of Jews in the Middle East came to the attention of the government via the outcry by the Israeli populace.

The Israeli government then begins a program by the name of the Atuda educational program. The program allowed students pursuing higher education prospects (like medicine or engineering) to defer their three years of obligatory service to the IDF to allow them to finish their studies. At the end the idea would be that the student would come out with a commission and a degree that would be to the benefit of all the parties involved.

Unfortunately the government held in a clause forcing an additional three years of service onto all members of the Atuda program. This led to considerable outrage as many students who were in the first wave of the program felt duped into committing six as opposed to three years of their life to the IDF. While the Atuda program held a few applicants, the widespread knowledge of the hidden clause meant that it was an abysmal failure.

Seeing that much of the nation’s coffers had been emptied by reckless corruption, the nation decided to engage in new ways of making money. The best example of this was the creation of the Ministry of Industry and Mines (a subsidiary of the Ministry of Trade). The plan of this ministry was to provide access to western techniques and technology for the use of the government in extracting Iran’s mineral wealth. However another political scandal broke out when it was revealed that instead of focusing on domestic mineral output, the Shah decided to buy up controlling interests in a Belgian and a Canadian resource extraction company and utilise their connections to the Belgian Congo and Northern Canada to secure Iran’s mineral needs instead. While neither company was very large, the importation of foreign goods over domestic product was seen by many as a betrayal of the Shah.

Following the issues with the Ministry of Industry and Mines, the Iranian government focused on the improvement of the post-secondary institutions within the nation. This was done by courting professors of foreign universities with higher paygrades, accelerated tenure, and increased the professors ability to get national grants.

These were incredibly good ideas that attracted many professors from across Europe (especially France and Italy), however there was one small snag within the program. While the government promised the professors the ability to access chairmanships on advisory boards and councils, the government was not specific in which ones were allowed. This allowed the various foreigners to worm their way into and take over various councils, such as the Tehran administrative council. This led to further outcry as it was seen that foreigners could do more than the average Iranian could do. In probably the scariest moment of the year, a select few began to draw comparisons between the late King of Iraq and the Shah of Iran.

Widespread protests erupt across the Middle East, as the Soviet Union makes public it has proof that there is close collaboration between France and Israel on the subject of an atomic weapon. The development of such a weapon would be directed, of course, towards the Arabs that did not approve of Israel’s presence in the middle east. To many, both France and Israel were seen in a distrustful light, and the Soviet Union, who seemed to be the most peaceful, continued to gather an increased favour among all Arabs.

Rural investment was the norm across South Korea during the year, with the government seeking to improve both infrastructure, and its popularity, amongst the country’s poorest. A major part of the project was to ensure that food could be better transferred to the cities, benefiting city dwellers with lower prices, and rural farmers with more markets. It was unclear as to how the measure would benefit rural Koreans other than ensuring those which were well off would see lower prices and those that were not well off would only get slightly more.

With education being poorly handled in the south since the end of the war, the government took it upon themselves to announce a large overhaul of the entire programme, seeking to offer primary school to all those they could in the shortest period of time, along with making sure that higher education was more readily available, without it the nation had little future.

Yet another provocation by the North Koreans take place, allegedly, as several South Korean merchant ships, traveling to Japan and the Republic of China, are sunk in international waters after an “explosion” was witnessed on deck. The North Koreans denied any type of involvement with the idea, instead suggesting that the Americans build better ships that do not explode while they move through the water. Despite the constant searches, the South Koreans are unable to bring any evidence against the North Koreans, despite it being widely speculated.

An organised crack down on corruption was announced in Saigon, as the Vietnamese government begins to publicise any instances of corruption, attempting to publicly shame those members of the government who were defrauding both the people, the State of Vietnam, and the United States. The Army units that cracked down on the rampant gangsters in Saigon were relieved of their duties, and re-hired in a new special policing force which would be focused on solving corruption and corruption alone. It was unknown how well this would play out in the future, but it was already quite promising.

With a sudden loss in the nation’s bureaucratic cadre due to anti-corruption trials and actions, a new round of administrative training was emphasised by the State of Vietnam. Immigrants, veterans without a job, and even the homeless were rounded up in a wave of hiring and training. The official explanation was that there would be a new commission for the exploration and cultivation of the Mekong River Delta, but many more understood that this was a series of actions to improve South Vietnam’s government.

News from the Second World

The 6th World Festival of Youth and Students is inaugurated in Moscow, with members from left-wing student and youth organisations from around the world taking part in. The vast majority of the people in attendance, however, were from the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries. It was a masterful showcase of music, art, literature, and above all, science, for all of the youth of the world to see. The most prominent of which was the Sputnik satellite, orbiting the planet above them. While it got little press of note outside the Soviet bloc, it was widely heralded among the Soviet and Soviet-aligned press.

The team that successfully launched both Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2 was tasked with a large new project, demanded by the Politburo, and championed by the ambitious Chief Designer. The information, only known to the Politburo and the workers in OKB-1, was regarded as a state secret, despite the constant attempts by western scientists to get the Soviets to release information. The new plan was to send both information-gathering craft into Earth’s orbit, but to also send one that would orbit the moon, and ambitious project that some in Politburo did not believe to be possible at all. Regardless, funding for both military and scientific launches was approved, proving it to be a very fruitful year for the bureau.

The Gomułka government made it their top priority to showcase to the people of Poland that the socialist system was one that could be trusted, and one that was necessary for a better future. Instead of focusing on issues such as steel manufacturing, the government would address inadequate housing, and held massively lofty goals. All apartments inside Polish cities would be made to fit three children, have a radio, refrigerator, and a bathroom for each family, complete with toilet, sink, and tub. Multiple beds on different levels would be used for space efficiency, while other space-saving measures were also implemented. The idea of every Pole having a comfortable place to live was important, but the footprint of these new apartments was expected to be much larger than ones that were previously made. Should the government follow up on its promises, it would prove to be one the most ambitious and well-applauded moves in all of the Eastern Bloc.

The Polish government forms the Ludowe Zakłady Meblowe (LZM), which translates to the “People’s Furniture Company,” in part of its endeavour to provide the best quality manufactured goods to its people. There were several older businesses that were phased out of existence, such as underperforming steel and tractor factories, which were then refurbished to produce all types of furniture for local Polish buyers, as well as for export to the rest of the COMECON countries.

Like its Polish neighbour, the East German government had embarked upon a much less ambitious construction programme. Funding levels were re-raised to their normal levels for other programmes which saw money shifted towards the housing project, causing an even greater strain on the East German budget, and demanding even more from the Soviet Union. The vast majority of funds send from the Soviet Union during the year were channeled into the construction project, which would be overseen by the Housing Construction Committee, which would guide all homes through to completion.

Apartment construction in East Germany.​

The Central Committee announces that, after a plea from Ulbricht, wage increases would indeed take place during the year, with the lowest earners in East German given a hefty raise in pay, to bring standards up across the board, improving the quality of life of many of these workers, but the budget was not balanced at all, and the majority of the excess spending from wage increases and apartment construction was financed by Soviet bonds, which would eventually stop coming in.

Failure meets the Czechs in their attempts to revive the Czechoslovak Air Force, as MiG-17 fighters imported from the Soviet Union are flown in testing runs by inexperienced pilots, causing several crashes, and even a major international incident. One MiG-17 was flown out of Prague, and supposed to go towards the border with Austria, to turn around and then land, instead, it went straight into Austria, only to be met by NATO aircraft. Panicking, the pilot turned around and headed back towards Czechoslovakia, taking a bizarre path, and eventually tracking into East Germany, where it was shot down by the East Germans, who believed it was a NATO aircraft. The entire ordeal was highly publicised, and a major embarrassment for the Czechs, and extreme confusion for the west.

Despite this failure in the skies, the Czechs move forward, forging a new reform aimed at ensuring that women would be better integrated into society, seeking to truly form the equal society that socialism promised. Like many other places across the socialist world, the true key to this was through education, most specifically, higher education. New schools were contracted to be built to provide both genders with equal access to facilities. An official mandate against sexism was announced, saying that it was a bourgeois invention to destroy the natural equality in any socialist society, and just another tool used by the capitalists to ensure their own system reigned supreme.

Reactionary change is billed as a reform in Yugoslavia, with the new curriculum that was introduced was rolled back to the previous one of two years ago, with only minor improvements made towards fixing many of the ills that plagued it. While it was technically an improvement, many began to sense signs of indirection from the Yugoslav government.

Along the Manchurian shores and much of northern China, there is a flourish of activity as the Communist government enacts a new measure designed at bringing China’s trade powers over the water up to speed once again. While China’s long history, and the wars of the past half of the century, had not enabled it to play a large role on the world market, the new plan would allow for ships to be rapidly built and put to sea, where they could establish trade relations with socialist countries in Asia, and even across the world.

Started in 1951, the Chinese government announces the completion of China National Highway 219, which just so happened to pass through a region of China that was disputed between the Indian and Chinese governments. Upon hearing of this, the Indian government send soldiers to observe the location of the road, to see if it went through the regions that they claimed. Despite an ample amount of time to return, the men never returned, and the Indian government accused the Chinese of murdering them, when the more likely cause was extreme cold weather.

With the new, socialist, China now in control, it was determined that it was imperative to ensure that women should be allowed into the workforce, and even encouraged to the highest degree. The old establishment had forced women to remain at home, and made them unworthy of living in society. The Communists wished to launch a liberation campaign for them, getting them to educate themselves, and take a much wider role in the workforce. The year was focused on encouraging them to take these first steps, as well as making sure jobs and schools were opened for them.

Chinese poster extolling women.​

The new housing programme that North Korea was undergoing lead to several problems for engineers and designers. While some wished for the settlements to be spaced apart, others argued for freeways to connect them as nucleated settlements, resulting in the elimination of small towns, and a society based on these settlements and farmlands. There was one designer, who suggested that the measure only take place within a small square plot of land, estimated to be 2km in both length and width, who was murdered for this ideas, as they would impede the constant march that Socialism was bringing. In the end, the idea of linking them together with roads, walkways, and a tram service was ratified, and ground was broken in the latter half of the year.

American and French observes in Laos uncover a frightening series of trails and roads that lead from Viet Minh-occupied territory into Laos, moving towards the border with the State of Vietnam. After observing war material being moved along this route, the alarm was sent out to both Paris and Washington, where they highly advocated for an increased military help to South Vietnam. In Washington, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson declared that should the President ignore Vietnam, it was clear that he was willing to allow Communism to spread to all of Asia. President Eisenhower responded by flying recon missions over Laos, searching for where the weapons were going, determined to be near the border with South Vietnam, and the information was given to South Vietnam’s army.

The Viet Minh, ignoring these outcries from what was happening in Laos, instead focused on restoring the production of crops to pre-1939 levels, investing into former plantations and ensuring that the peasants who were cultivating the land had ample incentive to do so, enticing many with subsidising food prices along with high values given for the cash crops. While activity was increasing rapidly, the costs of maintaining them were rampant, with many wondering if the Soviet Union would continue to foot the bill for peasants in Vietnam.

News from the Third World

Like in South Vietnam, the Indian government spends much of its energy during the year refining and further fleshing out its administrative duties. This is not without controversy, however, as the Indian government is attacked for focusing on tax collection and government departments rather than the poor Indian farmers and the deaths of starving peasants. While the government had previously boosted agricultural output, many saw it as inefficient to solve all of the problems facing the country.

With a full knowledge that both China and Pakistan held conflicting claims on India’s land, a new domestic military equipment programme was launched, under the auspices of the Indian Defense Ministry. Rather than one large conglomerate, the government would both buy up smaller facilities and reorganise them into one company, as well as contract out for production, both abroad and home, but primarily from domestic sources. Even so, the Indian government was quick to make it known that the weapons they produced would be sold abroad to Asian nations, along with rebel groups seeking their independence. The final portion caused a stir amongst the West, with many believing India was positioning herself to sell weapons to revolutionaries worldwide, but was preempted when the Prime Minister announced that all sales to rebel factions would need to be approved by him, ramping up his world power dramatically.

With the failure of the British arms deal the previous year, Ayub Khan decided to use a different tact in equipping both his nation and his army. To which he began talks with the Belgian government concerning their FN FAL. Though the Belgian were originally skeptical of Pakistan’s ability to purchase the license and pay the royalties. However when Ayub Khan noted that Pakistan was a member of the British Raj and therefore a member of the Allies during WWII, FN Herstal agreed to honour the pact regarding the FAL’s production to allied nations. An arms agreement was signed not three days later.

The agreement signed, the Pakistani government ordered its Ordnance Factories to begin producing the FAL for the regiments. The output, enough to outfit some eight divisions a year, was expected to take four years to fully outfit the armies. The Lee Enfield Mk. 4s were to be handed down to paramilitary, police and reserve units. All in all it went about smoothly enough, with the added boon of a small economic bump due to the increased demand from the factories.

On an equally happy note, the federal government and the Baluchistan States Union (BSU) finally reach an economic agreement concerning the the extraction of mineral wealth. An agreement between Prime Minister Bogra and the Head of the Union Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmedzai Baloch. The BSU agreed to have a 25% ownership of all nationalised industries in the region in conjunction with 75% ownership of all the physical factories and the place of the sale.

Yet another successful agreement by the government (notably without the interference of the bureaucracy), this resulted in large exploitation campaign of the region. While the militants protested to the abandonment of Baloch principles, the BSU did not care over the the riches gathered by newly discovered copper, coal, and gold deposits. The economic boom was not only good for business, but good for politics too.

A treaty between the Soviet Union and the Republic of Egypt results in 6.3 billion being invested in the Aswan Dam, more then enough to allow the construction to continue until completion. The construction, expected to take another six years, would have gone on smoothly had not other certain events be occurring in the north.

Construction in the Aswan Dam following the 1957 Egypto-Soviet Agreement​

Elsewhere in the Middle East, Soviet money is also put to good use. An exceedingly large loan provided by the Soviet government to the Republic of Iraq is used to not only pay off the remainder of its sovereign debt, but to kickstart any future projects within Iraq by the government. As well, the money is used to fund a large expansion of the Iraqi military in all forms.

Any other doubts by the international community on the nature of the new Iraqi regime was cast aside when the Iraqi government announced that all British and French interests in Iraq’s oil industry will be nationalised for the good of Iraq. By declaration of Prime Minister Qasim, all land, refineries, equipment and funds in Iraq owned by France and Britain will be used to form the Iraqi National Oil Company (INOC), for the benefit of the Iraqi people. The HSI announced that it fully backed the enterprise, and they would support the government on it’s goal of assisting the Iraqi people. The year ends with discussions between the leaders of the INOC and the Soviet Union over future oil exports.

Other Notable World Events

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  • An Irish Republican Army attack on the Brookeborough police barracks leads to the deaths of Seán South and Fergal O'Hanlon.
  • The San Francisco and Los Angeles stock exchanges merge to form the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange.
  • Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
  • After 69 years the last issue of Collier's Weekly magazine is published.
  • The New York City "Mad Bomber", George P. Metesky, is arrested in Waterbury, Connecticut, and is charged with planting more than 30 bombs.
  • Ku Klux Klan members force truck driver Willie Edwards to jump off a bridge into the Alabama River; he drowns as a result.
  • The Soviets announce that Raoul Wallenberg had died in a Soviet prison "possibly of a heart attack" on July 17, 1947.
  • The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation arrests labor union leader Jimmy Hoffa and charges him with bribery.
  • The Detroit Lions defeat the Philadelphia Eagles 86 to 2 in the largest blowout ever witness in the NFL Championship.
  • The IAEA is established in Stockholm, Sweden during the year, with the majority of the signatures coming from Soviet and non-aligned countries, with the US-aligned countries offering no reason for spurning the important committee.
  • The Communist Party of India wins the elections in Kerala, making E. M. S. Namboodiripad its first chief minister.
  • John Diefenbaker becomes the 13th Prime Minister of Canada.
  • Hurricane Audrey demolishes Cameron, Louisiana, U.S., killing 400 people.
  • Juan Manuel Fangio, driving for Maserati, wins the Formula One German Grand Prix, clinching (with 4 wins that season) his record 5th world drivers championship, including his 4th consecutive championship (also a record).
  • United States Senator Strom Thurmond (D-SC) sets the record for the longest filibuster with his 24-hour, 18-minute speech railing against a civil rights bill.
  • 175 die in Jamaica's worst railway disaster.
  • Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged is published.
  • American Mafia leaders meet in Apalachin, New York at the house of Joseph Barbara; the meeting is broken up by a curious patrolman.
  • In Indonesia, Sukarno announces the nationalization of 246 Dutch businesses, all 326,000 Dutch nationals are expelled from Indonesia a few days after.
  • The Boeing 707 airliner flies for the first time.
  • Mao Zedong admits that 800,000 "class enemies" have been summarily liquidated between 1949 and 1954.

 

[Frymonmon]

Countries of the World: 1958

​

China
Economy & Population
Population: 650.008 m. $ 653 GDP per Capita, 2.14% Population Increase
Economy: $ 424,488 m. GDP, 6.86% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 41% Services, 22% Industry, 37% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 11,013 m. in Debt, Cannot Borrow
Yearly Balance: $ -1,070 m. [$ -2,540 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 50.87% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Failing, 1.83% of GDP, 90% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Failing, 1.83% of GDP, 90% Funding
Education: (3/5) Failing, Public, 6.49% of GDP, 85% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public, 6.66% of GDP, 85% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.93% of GDP
National Defence: 2.21% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 10,885,145 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: XVG

Czechoslovakia
Economy & Population
Population: 13.429 m. $ 4,593 GDP per Capita, 0.79% Population Increase
Economy: $ 61,675 m. GDP, 6.68% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 46% Services, 40% Industry, 14% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 1,020 m. in Surplus, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: $ -1,313 m. [$ 703 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 93.89% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 4.16% of GDP, 103% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Poor, 3.37% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.52% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.36% of GDP, 106% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.24% of GDP
National Defence: 1.74% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 56,444 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Duke of Britain

East Germany
Economy & Population
Population: 19.382 m. $ 7,893 GDP per Capita, -0.31% Population Decrease
Economy: $ 152,985 m. GDP, 6.18% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 51% Services, 37% Industry, 12% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 6,841 m. in Debt, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: $ -2,332 m. [$ -3,682 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 97.17% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Good, 5.57% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 4.22% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (2/5) Average, Public, 9.06% of GDP, 100% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.31% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.73% of GDP
National Defence: 1.46% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 250,566 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: MastahCheef117

Egypt
Economy & Population
Population: 25.262 m. $ 1,005 GDP per Capita, 1.94% Population Increase
Economy: $ 25,378 m. GDP, 5.24% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 40% Services, 21% Industry, 39% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 1,709 m. in Debt, BBB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -1,050 m. [$ 4,985 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 29.17% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 2.00% of GDP, 99% Funding [+2 in 6 turns]
Administration: (4/5) Failing, 1.68% of GDP, 98% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Mostly Public, 5.60% of GDP, 86% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Failing, Public & Private, 3.86% of GDP, 87% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.39% of GDP
National Defence: 3.77% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 383,347 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Watercress

France
Economy & Population
Population: 44.595 m. $ 7,181 GDP per Capita, 0.42% Population Increase
Economy: $ 320,238 m. GDP, 5.71% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 57% Services, 34% Industry, 9% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 149,689 m. in Debt, AAA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -14,763 m. [$ -13,551 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 35.21% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Average, 2.92% of GDP, 99% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Average, 2.92% of GDP, 96% Funding
Education: (1/5) Average, Public, 7.26% of GDP, 92% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Average, Semi-Public, 5.84% of GDP, 94% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.24% of GDP
National Defence: 3.17% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 21,001 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Keldonia-Skylar

India
Economy & Population
Population: 411.424 m. $ 808 GDP per Capita, 1.46% Population Increase
Economy: $ 332,409 m. GDP, 7.29% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 32% Services, 21% Industry, 47% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 6,407 m. in Surplus, A Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ 3,981 m. [$ 3,456 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 25.24% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.96% of GDP, 97% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Poor, 2.27% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Public, 6.56% of GDP, 91% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Public, 4.83% of GDP, 93% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.38% of GDP
National Defence: 1.47% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 7,047,342 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Spectre17

Iran
Economy & Population
Population: 19.948 m. $ 1,473 GDP per Capita, 1.77% Population Increase
Economy: $ 29,389 m. GDP, 0.96% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 46% Services, 14% Industry, 40% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 3,302 m. in Debt, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -98 m. [$ -344 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 21.61% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.80% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Poor, 1.94% of GDP, 96% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Semi-Public, 5.01% of GDP, 92% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Public & Private, 4.14% of GDP, 97% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.28% of GDP
National Defence: 2.94% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 237,033 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Magister

Iraq
Economy & Population
Population: 6.267 m. $ 2,358 GDP per Capita, 2.35% Population Increase
Economy: $ 14,777 m. GDP, 1.71% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 47% Services, 7% Industry, 46% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 631 m. in Debt, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: $ -345 m. [$ 3,203 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 58.32% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 2.26% of GDP, 98% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 2.26% of GDP, 99% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 4.37% of GDP, 87% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 3.17% of GDP, 83% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.03% of GDP
National Defence: 4.44% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 19,943 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Noco19

Israel
Economy & Population
Population: 1.897 m. $ 5,103 GDP per Capita, 2.73% Population Increase
Economy: $ 9,680 m. GDP, 13.45% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 52% Services, 30% Industry, 18% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 2,584 m. in Debt, A Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -774 m. [$ -805 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 44.83% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 2.51% of GDP, 98%
Administration: (1/5) Average, 2.51% of GDP, 99% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Semi-Public, 4.96% of GDP, 87% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Average, Public & Private, 4.79% of GDP, 83% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.77% of GDP
National Defence: 18.83% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 20,384 Manpower, Full mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: etranger01

Italy
Economy & Population
Population: 48.311 m. $ 4,498 GDP per Capita, -0.32% Population Decrease
Economy: $ 217,287 m. GDP, 3.35% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 50% Services, 31% Industry, 19% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 85,922 m. in Debt, AA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -5,604 m. [$ -5,552 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 41.86% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average, 2.97% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Average, 2.97% of GDP, 106% Funding
Education: (3/5) Average, Public, 7.95% of GDP, 102% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Average, Semi-Public, 6.22% of GDP, 97% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.19% of GDP
National Defence: 1.55% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 785,749 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Maxwell500

North Korea
Economy & Population
Population: 8.903 m. $ 1,183 GDP per Capita, 0.99% Population Increase
Economy: $ 10,535 m. GDP, 4.29% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 24% Industry, 34% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 4,990 m. in Debt, Borrow from China
Yearly Balance: $ -1,221 m. [$ -1,201 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 87.15% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 2.76% of GDP, 94% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Poor, 3.19% of GDP, 91% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Public, 7.63% of GDP, 90% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Poor, Public, 7.63% of GDP, 90% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.13% of GDP
National Defence: 23.09% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 123,785 Manpower, Partial mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Shynka

North Vietnam
Economy & Population
Population: 16.974 m. $ 799 GDP per Capita, 1.75% Population Increase
Economy: $ 13,564 m. GDP, 5.75% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 48% Services, 13% Industry, 39% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 1,891 m. in Debt, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: $ -709 m. [$ -504 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 81.56% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 2.52% of GDP, 90% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 2.52% of GDP, 90% Funding
Education: (3/5) Failing, Semi-Public, 5.37% of GDP, 90% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 3.97% of GDP, 90% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.87% of GDP
National Defence: 8.00% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 134,026 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Harpsichord

Pakistan
Economy & Population
Population: 98.275 m. $ 621 GDP per Capita, 1.77% Population Increase
Economy: $ 60,993 m. GDP, 2.96% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 48% Services, 14% Industry, 38% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 10,316 m. in Debt, BBB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -2,312 m. [$ -2,482 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 32.70% of GDP
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor, 2.49% of GDP, 115% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Average, 3.04% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Public, 5.22% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 2.90% of GDP, 73% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.78% of GDP
National Defence: 4.28% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 1,362,092 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Julius Maximus

Poland
Economy & Population
Population: 28.492 m. $ 3,185 GDP per Capita, 1.91% Population Increase
Economy: $ 90,761 m. GDP, 7.53% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 46% Services, 38% Industry, 16% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 727 m. in Debt, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: $ -1,012 m. [$ -3,862 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 97.96% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, 3.78% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 4.04% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Public, 8.41% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Poor, Public, 8.41% of GDP, 115% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.74% of GDP
National Defence: 1.63% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 335,106 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Haresus

South Korea
Economy & Population
Population: 21.986 m. $ 1,349 GDP per Capita, 0.74% Population Increase
Economy: $ 29,648 m. GDP, 5.82% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 30% Industry, 28% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 9,333 m. in Debt, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -1,154 m. [$ -1,324 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 38.49% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.83% of GDP, 84% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Poor, 1.83% of GDP, 83% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Mostly Public, 5.70% of GDP, 78% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 3.94% of GDP, 78% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.45% of GDP
National Defence: 6.50% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 202,737 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Groogy

South Vietnam
Economy & Population
Population: 12.121 m. $ 837 GDP per Capita, 1.91% Population Increase
Economy: $ 10,150 m. GDP, 5.21% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 43% Services, 8% Industry, 49% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 4,434 m. in Debt, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -378 m. [$ -320 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 28.09% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.95% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Poor, 2.42% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 4.11% of GDP, 100% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Mostly Private, 2.50% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.07% of GDP
National Defence: 8.15% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 92,240 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Firelordsky

Soviet Union
Economy & Population
Population: 205.363 m. $ 3,735 GDP per Capita, 1.70% Population Increase
Economy: $ 767,109 m. GDP, 5.23% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 34% Services, 45% Industry, 21% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 3,642 m. in Surplus, Cannot Borrow
Yearly Balance: $ 14,432 m. [$ 1,285 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 97.95% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, 3.74% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Average, 6.34% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (2/5) Average, Public, 9.47% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Poor, Public, 8.13% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.09% of GDP
National Defence: 11.33% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 3,187,213 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Stormbringer

United Kingdom
Economy & Population
Population: 51.328 m. $ 9,485 GDP per Capita, 0.32% Population Increase
Economy: $ 486,855 m. GDP, 8.09% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 55% Services, 41% Industry, 4% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 722,539 m. in Debt, AAA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -28,975 m. [$ -24,696 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 35.65% of GDP
Infrastructure: (3/5) Average, 2.74% of GDP, 95% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Good, 3.58% of GDP, 98% Funding
Education: (3/5) Average, Mostly Public, 6.80% of GDP, 97% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Good, Semi-Public, 6.40% of GDP, 101% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.15% of GDP
National Defence: 5.19% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 169,569 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: MagnificentOne

United States
Economy & Population
Population: 174.944 m. $ 12,682 GDP per Capita, 1.82% Population Increase
Economy: $ 2,218,549 m. GDP, 4.23% GDP Increase, Expansion, Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 45% Services, 49% Industry, 6% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 1,443,686 m. in Debt, AAA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ -37,549 m. [$ -75,180 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 33.87% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average, 2.58% of GDP, 93% Funding [Interstate Highway System under Construction]
Administration: (3/5) Average, 3.20% of GDP, 99% Funding
Education: (2/5) Average, Semi-Public, 6.21% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Average, Semi-Private, 4.22% of GDP, 98% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.23% of GDP
National Defence: 8.02% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 560,457 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Dutchbag

West Germany
Economy & Population
Population: 52.099 m. $ 5,675 GDP per Capita, 0.88% Population Increase
Economy: $ 295,688 m. GDP, 4.99% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 56% Services, 33% Industry, 11% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 110,595 m. in Debt, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ 823 m. [$ -08 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 32.53% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Good, 3.31% of GDP, 110% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Average, 3.36% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (2/5) Average, Semi-Public, 6.16% of GDP, 110% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Average, Public & Private, 5.36% of GDP, 110% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.77% of GDP
National Defence: 1.31% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Volunteer: 194,942 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: KingHigh99

Yugoslavia
Economy & Population
Population: 18.183 m. $ 2,073 GDP per Capita, 1.41% Population Increase
Economy: $ 37,686 m. GDP, 5.90% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 56% Services, 33% Industry, 11% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: $ 3,389 m. in Debt, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: $ 252 m. [$ -578 m. Balance last year]
Government Spending 57.64% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 2.96% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Poor, 3.14% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Public, 6.98% of GDP, 105% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Poor, Public, 7.29% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.92% of GDP
National Defence: 4.86% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 132,382 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Ekon

Neutral Military Stats

 

[Bonecracker(NL)]

The United States is happy to announce the ratification of the IAEA charter and places its trust in the Agency's capability to advance the peaceful atom.

 

[Noco19]

Republic of Iraq
جمهورية العـراق​

The actions of the British and Israeli aggressors, utilizing unlawful belligerence against the Republic of Egypt, receive the strictest condemnation from the Republic of Iraq. While it was our hope that the British have understood the consequences and immoral nature of rampant imperialism, they seem to only further cement the idea that they believe the Arab people to be inferior and subjects over which they may enforce their own agenda. To Israel, it is not so much a surprise that they seek to harm their neighbors and destabilize the region for their own gain. The Iraqi government shall move to further discuss these incidents to chart further reactions, both internally and with other nations.

- Prime Minister Qasim

---

To the Syrian and Jordanian Embassies,

As I am sure you are aware, the recent hostilities against the Egyptian Republic show the aggressive policy of the illegitimate Israeli State towards its neighbors; opportunism and destruction. We cannot, for the sake of our people and our own stability, allow this incident to go without reaction, lest we show weakness in the face of Israel. Thus, I extend an invitation to Syrian and Jordanian delegates to attend a conference in Baghdad to cooperatively assess the current situation and to establish a joint path that we may follow together, a sign of solidarity in the face of Israeli belligerence.

- Foreign Minister Abdul Jabbar al-Jumarad

 

[Julius Maximus]

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Army Modernization / Baloch Solidarity (1957)

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan had finally, after 2 years found a suitable weapon, and found it without controversy. The British arms deal of 1956 was an utter failure, something Defense Minister Ayub Khan held as a personal embarrassment since he led his staff and troops down. And learning from last year he contacted the nation of Belgium, the "mother" of the British L1A1 rifle to acquire the Belgian FN FAL.

The Belgian FN FAL, The Weapon That Will Defend Pakistan Against All Enemies

FN Herstal, the creator and producer of the weapon, had made a clear and very important clause in foreign production of the FAL which attracted many nations, including Pakistan. All former allies of World War II would be given the freedom to produce the FAL without royalty fees. And after the major dispute of last year, this was deemed "the best possible option on the table" for the Pakistan Army. Initially there was a minor spat over the "status" of Pakistan being an allied nation, but once Minister Khan simply stated that Pakistan was a former body of the British Raj (with some minor conversation afterwards) FN Herstal agreed to allow Pakistan to locally produce the weapon.

In the civilian sector, Prime Minister Bogra made a major breakthrough in the Baloch Province with a massive mineral extraction deal with the Governor and local tribe leaders. The potential of Balochistan is immense, and the process of eventual modern industry starts there. Bogra also wanted to quell any militant uprisings, as the Baloch peoples since the inception of Pakistan have yearned for an independent state. He accomplished this by bringing wealthy opportunities and investment to the people of the province.

Muhammad Ali Bogra, The Man Bringing Unity To Pakistan

And for once in Pakistan's history, the future looked bright as political bickering faded, the military was strong and modern, and the economy was growing. Also elections were coming in 1960, the parties wishing to run begin the trail to gain the opportunity to guide Pakistan into a new era.​

 

[MastahCheef117]

The German Democratic Republic
Die Deutsche Demokratische Republik
Auferstanden Aus Ruinen

----

A Statement from General Secretary Ulbricht
The Fiscal Responsibilities of the State and its Duties to the People​

For the past two years the Central Committee has given orders on the allocation of any and all necessary funds for the construction of housing blocks in the major population and urban centers of the Republic with all the necessities that an average-sized family would need. The first year saw several unforeseen setbacks when several construction crews failed to maintain the consistency of the systems controlling running water, heat, and electricity in some of these apartment blocks. Last year, we have seen the establishing of a formal committee to oversee the construction more closely than before and to ensure that the construction of the housing units be made only with the greatest care and efficiency; the objective of the measure is, after all, to raise the quality of life for every German and to ensure an adequate home for every family in the Republic whose current dwelling was not sufficient. Though this Housing Construction Committee has been successful in carrying out its objective in ensuring that more and more Germans have a safe and comfortable home for themselves, it has failed in maintaining its allocated budgets; several clerks within this Committee have seen fit to draw loans from our allies in Moscow. Not only has this sapped energy from the Soviet Union's efforts to lead the proletariat of the world to a better and brighter socialist future, but this has caused great strain on the economy of the Republic. Further, though wages have increased for those Germans that needed it most dearly, it has only further added to the money that the state is now spending.

Therefore, the Committee has set about several objectives for the next several years, so as to ensure the contined increase in the citizens' quality of life while maintaining fiscal solvency and continued economic growth. They are as follows:

1. 
   [*]to cap the annual funding of the Housing Construction Committee (whose funds shall be spent on building materials, wages, and equipment maintenance) to a reasonable amount, while still maintaining reasonable expansion of housing units in the Republic's urban centers -- the exact amount of funding allotted shall be determined by further deliberations by the Central Committee and its subordinate committees;
   [*]to establish an investigatory committee, under the jurisdiction of the State Council, that shall every 5 (five) years examine the quality of life of workers in many fields of labor and in many occupations, and to call for increases in wages for those that are unable to support themselves or their families, and to ensure the distribution of newly-manufactured farming equipment and industrial technology to those collectives and industries that are in need of them the most;
   [*]and finally, to ensure the continued fiscal solvency of the Republic, to reduce in a span of ten (10) years the budgetary deficit to a point that it is no longer a danger to the economy, or to abolish that deficit in its entirety.

It is the hope of both myself and the entirety of the Central Committee that these noble goals shall be met with ease and with haste, only to further glorify the republic of the people and to bring us closer to the socialist prosperity that we are on the road to achieving.

Issued by the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
on 2 February, 1958​

​

​

 

[Haresus]

To: Mikhail Suslov, Secretary of the CPSU

I humbly accept your congratulations, and assure you that your concerns regarding the current direction of Poland are fully unfounded. The Party has chosen me for this position, and it is with the will of both the Polish people and the PUWP at our back that the recent reforms have been carried out. Indeed, the crimes and faults found within these men must not be taken lightly and we believe that our response is perfectly proportional to the problem we are faced with. But if you believe that party voices of diversity and constructive socialist criticism are being removed in Poland, you are unfortunately misinformed. For several years under First Secretary Bierut's term I was imprisoned together with many others who were glad to see Poland being rebuilt on the vision of a future Communist society. Our devotion to the Socialist cause can not be doubted without serious variations from the truth, yet we were still silenced. These injustices are being rectified now, and we do not want to repeat those same mistakes again.

I can once again assure you that Poland is quite capable of understanding the teachings of Marx and Lenin and also apply them in a manner that will guarantee progress, without creating cults of one kind or another. The success of the Soviet Union in the last twenty years can be argued for many days, but it must be agreed that this period was not without faults and it must be our duty to learn from the mistakes of previous leadership. In terms of internal politics, Poland must attempt to steer onto a new socialist path. However, our current cooperation with the Soviet Union on other matters will not be abandoned or threatened by Poland. Our cooperation in COMECON is vital for both our countries and the current economical relationship of ours is mutually beneficial.

I am glad to inform you of the positive developments for Poland and its politics, and I hope that our future correspondence will be as giving as this one has been. May the Soviet Union experience similar growth and progress as that which we strive towards in the Polish People's Republic.

Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party

 

[MagnificentOne]

Suez and Sudan Ceasefire Agreement​

Her Majesty’s Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (hereinafter; the United Kingdom),

The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter; Egypt),

And the Government of the State of Israel (hereinafter; Israel),

Who will hereinafter collectively be known as ‘The Parties’,

Who, having assigned their representatives and communicated to eachother the powers invested in them, and equally desirous of security in the Suez Canal Area, the Sudan, and the surrounding areas, have agreed on the following;


Article I – Cessation of Hostilities

I. The United Kingdom agrees to withdraw its forces from the Suez Canal Zone, and shall recognize Egyptian sovereignty over the Zone.

II. Israel agrees to withdraw its military forces from Egyptian territory, returning to the 1949 ceasefire line.

III. The Parties agree to allow the United Nations to establish a force to monitor compliance and provide oversight of the withdrawal of all military forces in accordance to the preceding clauses.

IV. Egypt agrees to refrain from the maintenance and assembly of armed forces, in excess of 2,000 troops in and around Gaza City and 10,000 in the Sinai, either permanently or temporarily, and military manoeuvres of any kind, as well as the upkeep of all permanent works for mobilization, within the Sinai Peninsula, for the duration of the UN mission mentioned in Clause III.

V. All parties agree to facilitate the exchange of all prisoners taken in preceding hostilities.


Article II - The Suez Canal and Reparations

I. All parties recognize full and complete Egyptian sovereignty over the Suez Canal Zone. The parties acknowledge Egyptian nationalization of the Suez Canal and agree to seek no damages or reparations for the nationalization.

II. Egypt agrees to not seek damages or reparations from the United Kingdom or Israel with regards to the damage resulting from the military operations.

III. The High Contracting Parties reaffirm the freedom of navigation in the Canal as set out in the 1888 Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal.


Article III - The Sudan

I. The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium of the Sudan is set to be dissolved on 1st January 1959 to establish the independent states of Sudan and Equatoria. The United Kingdom and Egypt renounce all rights and title over the territory of the Condominium after this date, recognize the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Sudan and Equatoria, and pledge to terminate all military presence and interference in the territories of the two countries unless explicitly requested.

II. The part of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan which would under the 1954 Anglo-Egyptian agreement be assigned to Egypt is to be reorganized as Sudan, whose capital shall remain at Khartoum. The presently existing institutions of government in Sudan shall continue to exercise authority.

III. The independence of Sudan is guaranteed by all parties and will not be abridged except by a national referendum organised through secret ballot in which every adult citizen may cast their vote and is overseen by one or more impartial observers.

IV. The part of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan which would under the 1954 Anglo-Egyptian agreement be assigned to the United Kingdom is to be organized as Equatoria, whose capital shall be in Juba. The government in Juba shall be recognised as the lawful interim government of Equatoria.

V. All parties agree to facilitate an exchange of all prisoners taken in preceding hostilities.

VI. The Parties allow the United Nations to establish a force to monitor the transition to sovereignty of Sudan and Equatoria, provide oversight of the withdrawal of all Egyptian and British military forces, and provide security during the transition.


Article IV – Provisions for Israeli-Egyptian relations

I. Egypt and Israel agree to respect the integrity of the other state and to refrain from any action undermining the security of the other state.

II. Egypt pledges that it shall not obstruct the free movement of any vessel bound for or originating from Israeli ports through the Straits of Tiran.

---

[X] R.A. Butler, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
[X] Golda Meir, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the State of Israel
[ ] Egypt

 

[Stormbringer]

Resolution 130

The United Nations Security Council,

Having requested the Secretary-General, in its resolution 128 of 4 March 1958, to submit to it a plan for an emergency international United Nations Force, for the purposes stated,

Noting with satisfaction the first report of the Secretary-General on the plan, and having in mind particularly paragraph 4 of that report,

1. Establishes a United Nations Command for an Emergency International Force to secure and supervise the cessation of hostilities in accordance with all the terms of Security Council resolution 127 of 2 March 1958 and the Suez and Sudan Ceasefire Agreement;

2. Appoints, on an emergency basis, the Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, Major-General E. L. M. Burns, as Chief of the Command;

3. Authorizes the Chief of the Command immediately to recruit, from the observer corps of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, a limited number of officers who shall be nationals of countries other than those having permanent membership in the Security Council, and further authorizes him, in consultation with the Secretary-General, to undertake the recruitment directly, from various Member States other than the permanent members of the Security Council, of the additional number of officers needed;

4. Invites the Secretary-General to take such administrative measures as may be necessary for the prompt execution of the actions envisaged in the present resolution.


Votes:

USSR: In favor