[Forum Game] - Twilight Struggle

[Groogy]

The Republic of Great Hán


The First Republic of Korea
1953 - present
Election campaign of 1954 for Syngman Rhee
The Sinuiju Student Incident of 1945
Statement of President Syngman on 20th September, 1953
Orders from the Ministry of Defense, 1954
Communique to the members of British Commonwealth Forces Korea, 1954
Communique to the Communist Provisional Government of North Korea, 1954
Statement of Minister of National Defense Shin Sung-mo, 1955
Memo from Minister of National Defense to the President, 1958

Treaties of Korea
Agreement under Article 4 of the Mutual Defence Treaty between the Republic of Korea and the United States
Permanent Establishment of the KATCOM Project
​

 

[Groogy]

Dr. Syngman Rhee
이승만
First President of Korea​

Dr. Syngman Rhee is a man with a burning commitment and devotion to the Korean people, who when everything went against him kept walking against the stream. No matter what fate threw at him he would not deter from his dream to see a state where the Koreans governed themselves. Free from the Imperialistic exploitation of the Korean people by the Japanese government. This man fought for our people for nearly 60 years, sacrificed everything to do what was right and what was needed. He lost his home, his family and his friends. But today he stands tall as the leader of the Republic of Korea, we have everything to thank him.

Born April 18, 1875, he were 44 years old when he became the First President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919. Before that he had already partaken in independence movements at the start of his 20's and was a known dissident for the Japanese authorities. He was eventually imprisoned in KyungMoo Cheong the year 1897, sentenced to spend the remainder of his life there. Syngman Rhee was systematically tortured by the Japanese for several years and this strengthened in his belief and drive to make Korea free of the Japanese Imperialism. However it also left deep scars in Rhee making future relations with Japan "chilly" at best. He survived seven long years of mistreatment by his captors until the Russo-Japanese War breaks out at which point he is released from the prison thanks to help from his friend Min Yeong-hwan. Rhee moved to the United States a year later in 1905 where he met with the Secretary of State John Hay and US President Theodore Roosevelt at peace talks in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and attempted to convince the US to help preserve independence for Korea, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Young Syngman Rhee waiting eagerly to meet with the President of the United States​

Following the March 1st Movement in 1919 he was appointed the position as President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea that was currently located in Shanghai. In the acting capacity as the President of the Republic of Korea he notified the statesmen attending Paris peace conference in 1919 of Korea's independence. Even though he failed in gathering support in several conferences there after he never let his dreams of an independent Korea die and in 1933, he participated in the League of Nations conference in Geneva to bring up the question of Korean independence, however this attempt was also unsuccessful. But then the Japanese attacked the United States of America.

With the Surrender of Japan Rhee was flown to Tokyo aboard a US military aircraft. Independence of Korea was declared with the support of the United States and Rhee was flown thereafter to Seoul in order to assume his position as president of the Independence Promotion Central Committee, chairman of the Korean People's Representative Democratic Legislature and president of the Headquarters for Unification. Having been deeply influenced by the Japanese actions he was opposed to all foreign intervention, as such he protested at the Moscow conference where United States proposed to divide Korea into four entities. He also refused to join the first US-Soviet Cooperation Committee meeting, which was concluded without a result, he began to argue that the government of Korea must be established as an independent entity. Rhee had also in the previous years developed a strong hatred for communism which was one of the reasons why the talks failed however it suited perfectly for Harry S. Truman's policies of Containment and the Truman Doctrine which was announced and enforced Rhee's anti-communist ideas.

The United Nations General Assembly recognized Korea's independence. In the year of 1948, the Korean Constitutional Assembly election was held and Syngman Rhee was elected without competition to serve in the DaehanMinguk Jahun National Assembly, the institute to shape the constitution for the future Republic of Korea. Rhee was quite influential in creating the policy stating that the president of South Korea had to be elected by the National Assembly. The 1948 Constitution of the Republic of Korea was adopted on July 17, 1948.

A mere three days after the adoption of the constitution he was elected president of the Republic of Korea in the Korean presidential election with 92% of the votes. On August 15, the Republic of Korea was formally established and Rhee was inaugurated as the first president of the Republic of Korea.

Shortly after however Korea faced dissidents from the northern provinces, forcing President Syngman to take desperate measures to prevent the communist rebels from harming the Republic. Several spies from the self proclaimed government of the North Korea was captured and interrogated for information on the enemy. Syngman started a campaign to increase the military and prepare the nation for the worst, an invasion by the communist puppet called North Korea in common term. However this prompted the communists to invade Korea and we were yet again in risk of being oppressed by a foreign nation.

With the upcoming elections and with the threat of communism, president Syngman tried to further the Republic by giving the power to elect their leader directly to the people in this time of need. However the amendment to the constitution to have the president elected by popular vote is rejected by president Syngman's opposition in the the National Assembly, the left parties who sympathized with the North Korean provisional government. In order to save the Republic from the same fate as was given to North Korea, a mass arrest is performed of the opposition to ensure that democracy is protected in Korea. With the help of the Americans a state of armistice with the dissidents are achieved and a status quo upheld.

Syngman Rhee gave up his youth to give us Koreans a life, a chance of our own rule. if you do not vote for him in the election you are not a patriot to this Republic and you tread on everything that we have managed to build this last decade. Vote for the reunification of our people, to end the oppressive rule of the communists and free the last half of our nation from foreign oppression!

Campaign material 1953 and early 1954 for the election on 20th may 1954​

 

[Groogy]

The Sinuiju Student Incident of 1945​

This article examines the city of Sinuiju in the Ibuk region currently under Soviet occupation, focusing specifically on the Sinuiju incident of 23 November 1945. A violent clash between local youth and Communist suppression forces, the incident revealed the combustible mixture of factors present in the communist Korea.The Soviet military government's deadly response to the protests seriously threatened Korean perception of the Korean Communist Party and to the Soviet Union and it forced the communist regimes to tighten their control to keep the Korean population from revolting.

Sinuiju City before the Soviet Invasion​

For the port city of Sinuiju, the twentieth century brought transformation and trauma. At a pivotal location along the Yalu River, which connects Korea to Manchuria, the city expanded into a symbol of Japanese ambitions. In the Korean War it saw its bridges nearly obliterated by U.S. bombs as American generals assumed that the city would again be the default capital for rulers fleeing Pyongyang. After its encounter with the U.S military, Sinuiju was flooded with Chinese People's Volunteers. However let's get back on the subject of the communist rule and the massacre of 1945.

As Korea's most populous northwestern port city, Sinuiju embodies the story of the communist rebels formation, including the process of political consolidation. Sinuiju rapidly became a site of heated interaction between nationalists and Communists. Evidence reveal the powerful existence of nationalism and anti-Soviet sentiment present in North Korea, a majority of this movement lying in Sinuiju, and the Red Army was known to have worked tirelessly to forestall outbreaks of anti-Soviet resistance. However the Soviets did not always successfully mitigate the concerns of the Korean people as self-mobilized Koreans in North Pyongan Province, especially students, started opposing the Communist rule.

To make matters worse, it is suspected that already in late 1945 there was a grain deposit shortage thanks to the Communist Land Reforms performed in Pyongan Province. This suspicion is based on the known fact that local conservative landlords actively struggled against the Red Army by disrupting grain production at harvest time. The food that was available was claimed by the Communist troops in order to keep the soldiers feed but this caused a raise in tension between the Soviets and the urban population. This situation was highly similar to the Japanese extreme export of Korean rice at the height of the Pacific War. From reports that could be found from 1945 it can be deducted that the price of rice had tripled from 30-40 won to 110 won under Soviet occupation.

Starving children of Sinuiju City​

The spark to light this tinderbox came from a middle school where the unlawful arrest of the principal were made by the Soviets. The news spread quickly and students at several nearby schools organized their resistance. Several student leaders were transported to the headquarters of the Communist Party to broker a compromise, however they allegedly never got that far and was instead intimidated with force by Soviet police. This triggered a stronger and growing radicalism in the young students which burst out as a full blown revolt. The reported numbers wary from five hundred and one thousand students who at 23rd of Nvember 1945 charged at the People's Committee's main building. The unnarmed students were massacred down by machine gun fire.

A mere 3 days after, without time for the parents to grief their lost children, Kim Il Sung is seen in Sinuiju to hold a speech. No apology was given and no promises of betterment or removal of Soviet forces. Instead blame was put on the people that they had caused civil strife and not put up with starvation and miss use of power. This incident in Sinuiju caused other students to rise up in Pyongyang and Wonsan against the Soviet presence and this would continue for several months. The way forward to solve this according to the Leader was to "discipline" the children.

Publication from Andong Normal School in 1953​

 

[Groogy]

The Republic of Great Hán
Statement of President Syngman on 20th September, 1953​

Dear Koreans! Me and you stand here today thanks to the Armistice we concluded on 27th July. I speak for all of us when I wish to thank the brave foreigners of the United Nations Command that came to defend this great nation and the rights of its population deserve against the invaders who came to oppress them and remove their guaranteed liberties. Never shall we be allowed to forget the sacrifice these men did for us.

On this matter however, we have to ensure that nothing like this happens again. We have to do our best to make sure no Mother or Father are to find their son in a casket again from the hands of a communist. In spirit of this under the negotiations of the Armistice, a demarcation line has been declared along the Kansas Line. The Republic of Korea Armed Forces in junction with the United Nations Command will pull back 2 000 m as per the agreement and build our side of the demilitarized zone and fortify it to guarantee that the people of Korea remain safe for all foreseeable future. It is my governments number one priority to uphold our side of the Armistice. There can be no reunification of Korea, if there is no Korea left.

 

[Groogy]

**** TOP SECRET ****
Orders from Ministry of National Defense to MP Officers stationed in the First Division, Third Division, Sixth Division, Seventh Division, Ninth Division.
23rd August 1954

This is a direct order from the table of the Minister of National Defense, Shin Sung-mo and is to be executed with utmost discretion.

Investigation into the insubordination of 6th of April along the Military Demarcation Line is to take place immediately and the officers responsible found and court-martialed. The Vacant officer slots are to be filled in with officers known to be loyal to the Republic and as shown valor in defense against the Ibuk invasion and excellent cooperation with the United Nations Command.

Appended to this communication is list of suitable officers who fulfill these requirements and is seen as suitable by the Ministry of National Defense.

APPENDEX A

First Division - Nickname: "Forward"
- Park Chung-hee: Brigadier General -> Major General
- Gangjeon Jeong-Geun: Colonel -> Brigadier General
- Bak Byeong-Cheol: Colonel -> Brigadier General
- Gyeon Chae-Hong: Lieutenant Colonel -> Colonel
- Cheon Ji-Woo: Colonel (Tenth Division)
- Hwangbo Seung-Kyeong: Colonel (Second Division)
- Seok Il-Woong: Colonel (Second Division)

Third Division - Nickname: "White Skull"
- On Jin-Woo: Colonel -> Brigadier General
- Boo Yeong-Kook: Colonel -> Brigadier General
- Ryu Chae-Moo: Lieutenant Colonel -> Colonel

Sixth Division - Nickname: "Blue Star"
- Park Chung-hee: Brigadier General -> Major General
- Won Chang-Joon: Colonel -> Brigadier General
- Seo Ji-Han: Colonel (Second Division)
- Chae Pung-Woon: Colonel (Fifth Division)
- Chae Eun-Chan: Colonel (Fifth Division)
- Ho Seung-Min: Colonel (Eight Division)
- Joo Chan-Ki: Colonel (Tenth Division)
- Gong Dae-Won: Colonel (Tenth Division)
- Wi Byeong-Gook: Colonel (Eleventh Division)
- Jeong Hyo-Jin: Colonel (Eleventh Division)

Seventh Division - Nickname: "The Seven Star Unit"
- Seo Seung-Soo: Colonel -> Brigadier General
- Bae Min-Hyeok: Brigadier General (First Division)
- Yamg Ye-Joon: Brigadier General (Sixth Division)
- Do Dae-Keun: Colonel (Tenth Division)

Ninth Division - Nickname: "White Horse"
- Bong Han-Il: Colonel - Brigadier General
- Gok Woong: Colonel (Eleventh Division)
- Po Seong-Ha: Colonel (Second Division)
- Chang Bong-Gyoo: Lieutenant Colonel -> Colonel

 

[Groogy]

Agreement under Article 4 of the Mutual Defence Treaty between the Republic of Korea and the United States​

ARTICLE I - Definitions
In this Agreement the expression:

(a). "members of the United States armed forces" means the personnel on active duty in the territory of the Republic of Korea except for personnel attached to the United States Embassy and personnel for whom status has been provided in the Military Advisory Group Agreement of January 26,1950, as amended;

(b). "civilian component" means the civilian persons of United States nationality who are in the employ of, serving with, or accompanying the United States armed forces in the Republic of Korea, but excludes persons who are ordinarily resident in the Republic of Korea; for the purposes of this Agreement only, dual nationals, i.e., persons having the nationality of both the United States and the Republic of Korea, who are brought into the Republic of Korea by the United States shall be considered United States nationals;
(c). "dependents" means
- (i) spouse and children under 21;
- (ii) parents, children over 21, or others relatives dependent for over half their support upon a member of the United States armed forces or civilian component.

ARTICLE II - Facilities and Areas

1. The United States is granted, under Article IV of the Mutual Defense Treaty, the use of facilities and areas in the Republic of Korea. Agreements as to specific facilities and areas shall be concluded by the two Governments through the Joint Committee.

2. At the request of either Government, the Governments of the United States and the Republic of Korea shall review such agreements and may agree that such facilities and areas or portions thereof shall be returned to the Republic of Korea or that additional facilities and areas may be provided.

3. The facilities and areas used by the United States shall be returned to the Republic of Korea under such conditions as may be agreed through the Joint Committee whenever they are no longer needed for the purposes of this Agreement and the United States agrees to keep the needs for facilities and areas under continual observation with a view toward such return.

4. Within the facilities and areas, the United States may take all the measures necessary for their establishment, operation, safeguarding and control. In order to provide access for the United States armed forces to the facilities and areas for their support, safeguarding, and control, the Government of the Republic of Korea shall, at the request of the United States armed forces and upon consultation between the two Governments through the Joint Committee, take necessary measures, within the scope of applicable laws and regulations.

5. It is agreed that the United States will bear for the duration of this Agreement without cost to the Republic of Korea all expenditures incident to the maintenance of the United States armed forces in the Republic of Korea.

ARTICLE III - Entry and Exit

1. The United States may bring into the Republic of Korea persons who are members of the United States armed forces, the civilian component, and their dependents, subject to the provisions of this Article. The Government of the Republic of Korea will be notified at regular intervals, in accordance with procedures to be agreed between the two Governments, of numbers and categories of persons entering and departing.

2. The United States may procure into the Republic of Korea. This materiel is exclusive to the members of the United States armed forces and the United States takes responsibility for this materiel not leaving the facilities or areas designated by the Joint Committee covered by ARTICLE II.
(a) This Materiel is not to be tarriffed or taxed by the Government of the Republic of Korea.
(b) This Materiel is not to be sold or transfered in any manner by the members of the United States armed forces within the Republic of Korea.
(c) This Materiel may be sold or transfered to the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea upon consultation of the Joint Committee.

ARTICLE IV - Joint Committee

1. A Joint Committee shall be established as the means for consultation between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Republic of Korea on all matters requiring mutual consultation regarding the implementation of this agreement.

2. The Joint Committee shall be composed of a representative of the Government of the United States and a representative of the Government of the Republic of Korea, each of whom shall have one or more deputies and a staff.

ARTICLE V - Entry into Force of Agreement

1. This Agreement shall enter into force three months after the date of a written notification from the Government of the Republic of Korea to the Government of the United States that it has approved the Agreement in accordance with its legal procedures.

2. Either Government may at any time request the revision of any Article of this Agreement, in which case the two Governments shall enter into negotiations through appropriate channels.

3. This Agreement, and agreed revisions thereof, shall remain in force while the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Korea remains in force unless terminated earlier by agreement between the two Governments.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. Done in duplicate, in the English and Korean languages. Both texts shall have equal authenticity, but in case of divergence the English text shall prevail. Done at Seoul this 30th day of September in 1954.

For the United States of America
[X] Ellis O. Briggs, Ambassador Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Korea

For the Republic of Korea
[X] I Seungman

 

[Groogy]

*** For Public Viewing ***

Communique from the office of President Syngman Rhee to members of British Commonwealth Forces Korea which consists of Australia, Great Britain, Canada, India and New Zealand
19th September 1954

On behalf of the Korean Government and the people that it represents I want to deeply thank the soldiers fighting in the 1st Commonwealth Division that risked their lives to defend Democracy and the Republic of Korea and the liberties of its people. Koreans served with you and they will always remember the bravery the soldiers of the Commonwealth showed and the great deeds will not be simply forgotten into history.

Having shown themselves friends of the Korean people I would enjoy opening up formal diplomatic channels with all of the members of the Commonwealth for future cooperation.

Signed by I Seungman

 

[Groogy]

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea

*** For Public Viewing ***

Communique from the office Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea to the Communist Provisional Government of North Korea relayed through Soviet Union diplomatic channels.
4th October 1954

We want to notify the other part of the Armistice Agreement that the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea hereby officially stand down from the conflict and the process of demobilization has started and we hope the state referring to itself as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea does so in kind. We believe and hope this will be the first step in diminishing the current conflict that exists between Democracy and Communism and that work can begin on discussions on how to move forward between our two governments.

We propose that a telecommunication line to be built directly from the Blue House of the Korean President and the office of the Worker's Party Of Korea in Pyongyang to ease communication between the two halves of Korea.

Signed by Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Of Korea
Byeon Yeong-tae​

 

[Groogy]

The Republic of Great Hán
Statement of Minister of National Defense Shin Sung-mo on 15th March, 1955​

The actions of the Communist dissidents in the North are appalling and vulgar in nature. Last year in autumn the Ministry of Foreign Affairs through the help of the Soviet Union sent a communique to the Ibun Provisional Government telling them of our demobilization in show of good faith with the realization of the Armistice Agreement between the United Nations Command and the rebels. In response we get several months of silence only to be broken by the shelling of our waters risking civilian lives trying to make ends meet. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea has been deployed to make sure no civilians will be harmed by the artillery fire.

The Armed Forces is also put on high alert and has dug in along the entire border as what seems to be heavy movement of troops along the northern side of the DMZ. We urge every citizen to remain calm while the government does its best to resolve the issue at hand and we will demand the immediate end of this act by the Ibun rebels. If the dissidents continue their hostilities and their silence against the Republic of Korea then the Government of Korea will take a similar stance in return and the necessary actions will be taken to secure the future of the Republic.

 

[Groogy]

Permanent Establishment of the KATCOM Project between the Republic of Korea and The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland​

ARTICLE I - Definitions
In this Agreement the expression:

(a). "KATCOM" refers to the Korean Attached Commonwealth Division that is defined in ARTICLE II and all of its personnel attached to it;

(b). "members of Her Majesty's armed forces" means the personnel on active duty in the territory of the Republic of Korea including the Korean armed forces participating in a KATCOM Division except for personnel attached to the United Kingdom Embassy;

(c). "civilian component" means the civilian persons of United Kingdom nationality who are in the employ of, serving with, or accompanying the Her Majesty's armed forces in the Republic of Korea, but excludes persons who are ordinarily resident in the Republic of Korea; for the purposes of this Agreement only, dual nationals, i.e., persons having the nationality of both the United Kingdom and the Republic of Korea, who are brought into the Republic of Korea by the United Kingdom shall be considered United Kingdom nationals;
(d). "dependents" means
- (i) spouse and children under 21;
- (ii) parents, children over 21, or others relatives dependent for over half their support upon a member of the Her Majesty's armed forces or civilian component.

ARTICLE II - Division

1. A KATCOM Division can be created by a joint decision by the Government of Korea and Her Majesty's Government.

2. The composition of a KATCOM is to be as declared in the following:
(a). Divisional Troops Brigade supplied by both Armed forces of the Republic of Korea and Her Majesty's Armed Forces.
(b). 2 Korean Infantry Brigades consisting of 12 Infantry Regiments in total.
(c). 2 Commonwealth Infantry Brigades consisting of 12 Infantry Regiments in total.

3. Members of KATCOM are to perform their active duty in the territories of Korea. The Republic of Korea is responsible to provide necessary facilities, support and equipment to the Division to keep it in functioning condition throughout the duration of this Agreement.

4. It is agreed that the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom will share for the duration of this Agreement the cost of all expenditures that comes from maintenance of a KATCOM Division. The expenditures will be reviewed at a yearly basis.

5. British materiel is to be made available to a KATCOM Division, under no circumstances is this materiel allowed to leave the members of Her Majesty's armed forces. In the case of disbandment of a KATCOM Division this materiel is to immediately be returned.

6. Either Party may terminate a KATCOM Division one year after notice has been given to the other Party.

ARTICLE III - Entry and Exit

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland may bring into the Republic of Korea persons who are members of the Her Majesty's armed forces, the civilian component, and their dependents, subject to the provisions of this Article. The Government of the Republic of Korea will be notified at regular intervals, in accordance with procedures to be agreed between the two Governments, of numbers and categories of persons entering and departing.

2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland may procure into the Republic of Korea. This materiel is exclusive to the members of Her Majesty's armed forces.
(a) This Materiel is not to be tariffed or taxed by the Government of the Republic of Korea.
(b) This Materiel is not to be sold or transferred in any manner by the members of the Her Majesty's Armed forces within the Republic of Korea.
(c) This Materiel may be sold or transferred to the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea upon consultation with Her Majesty's Government.

ARTICLE IV - Chain of Command

1. A KATCOM Division will adhere to the Republic of Korea Armed Forces chain of command as long as applicable by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea.

2. Upon demand by Her Majesty's Government the command of a KATCOM can be transferred to Her Majesty's Armed Forces if the Republic of Government has been given 3 months head notice. The transfer can be done earlier if deemed necessary and approved by the Republic of Korea's Government.

3. A KATCOM Division is not permitted to operate without notifying Her Majesty's Government.

4. In case of US involvement in a conflict the command of deployed KATCOM Divisions shall be handed over to the US Chain of Command if the United States utilize their rights to do so.

ARTICLE V - Sharing of Knowledge

1. To increase efficiency of the KATCOM Divisions both governments agree to share their military knowledge of these following fields.
(a). Field training
(b). Officer training
(c). Materiel expertise
(d). Field Strategy and Tactics

ARTICLE VI - Mutual Defence

1. Both Governments undertake to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations, or obligations assumed by any side toward the United Nations.

2. Both Governments will consult together whenever, in the opinion of either of them, the political independence or security of either of the States is threatened by external armed attack. Separately and jointly, by self help and mutual aid, the Governments will maintain and develop appropriate means to deter armed attack and will take suitable measures in consultation and agreement to implement this treaty.

3. The Republic of Korea grants the right to dispose Her Majesty's Armed Forces in and about the territory of the Republic of Korea as determined by mutual agreement.

4. The United Kingdom grants the right to dispose Republic of Korea Armed Forces in and about the territories of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as determined by mutual agreement.

ARTICLE VII - 1st KATCOM Division

1. The Republic of Korea shall take upon itself to organize the formation of the 1st KATCOM Division.

2. Camp Pyonghwa (TL: Camp Peace) shall be established near Jinhae naval base in the Jinhae district of Changwon near Busan.

3, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shall take upon itself to provide the personnel necessary to support the terms in ARTICLE II.

4. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shall take upon itself to provide military instructors from Her Majesty's Armed Forces to support the terms in ARTICLE V.

ARTICLE VIII - Entry into Force of Agreement

1. This Agreement shall enter into force three months after the date of a written notification from the Government of the Republic of Korea to the Government of the United Kingdom that it has approved the Agreement in accordance with its legal procedures.

2. Either Government may at any time request the revision of any Article of this Agreement, in which case the two Governments shall enter into negotiations through appropriate channels.

3. This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely. Either Party may terminate it one year after notice has been given to the other Party.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. Done in duplicate, in the English and Korean languages. Both texts shall have equal authenticity, but in case of divergence the English text shall prevail. Done at Seoul this 4th day of April in 1955.

For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
[x] Andrew Charles Stewart, Ambassador of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Republic of Korea

For the Republic of Korea
[X] I Seungman, President of The Republic of Korea

 

[Groogy]

**** INTERNAL DOCUMENT ****
Memo from Shin Sung-mo, Minister of National Defense to President Syngman Rhee
23rd July 1958

The request for five Forrest Sherman-class destroyers have been filled with the Bethlehem Steel Corporation to be constructed for the Republic of Korea Navy and be joined with the Republic of Korea Fleet in Busan Naval Operations Base. We have yet to receive an estimated price of the order however the budget assigned to this has been accommodated to handle any potential extremes.

Updates on progress will follow to keep you informed President Rhee.