“Reckless Assault”
AJCO 22 September – 3 November, 1941
To: Allied Joint Command – Oceania
AAR: Assault on Christchurch
Report Date: 4 November, 1941
Wellington HQ – General markkur (C&C-Allied Forces)
Order of Battle
Auckland HQ – Field-Marshall Freyberg (NZ 2nd Army Group)
Invasion Ground Forces
From AEF NZL Corps
10th Marine-Division (Wyman)
3rd Marine-Division (Wedemeyer)
From 2nd AEF NZL Corps
US 40th Infantry-Division (Donovan)
US 41st Infantry-Division (Casey)
From 2nd NZL Infantry Corps
6th NZ Infantry-Division (Lt. General Tuker)
Allied Navy
HMS Valiant TF – (Rear-Admiral Parry – RN)
RN Battleship ‘HMS Valiant’
RN Heavy-Cruiser ‘HMS Dorsetshire’
RN 58th Destroyer Flotilla
RN 57th Destroyer Flotilla
RN DD-squadron ‘Canterbury Bight’
USS Lexington TF – (Rear-Admiral Fletcher – USN)
USN Fleet Carrier ‘USS Lexington’
USN Light-Cruiser ‘USS Marblehead’
USN 1st Destroyer-Division
USN 29th Destroyer-Division
2nd NZ LCT Fleet – Captain Stratton
1st LC-flotilla
3rd LC-flotilla
2nd LC-flotilla
Tasman Troop Transport – Admiral Drummond (NZ)
NZ 1st Transport Flotilla
NZ 2nd Transport Flotilla
NZ 3rd Transport Flotilla
NZ 4th Transport Flotilla
NZ 5th Transport Flotilla
RN Destroyer-Squadron – Rear-Admiral Studholme-Brownrig
21st Destroyer Flotilla
1st Destroyer Flotilla
40th Destroyer Flotilla
55th Destroyer Flotilla
Allied Air-Force
USAF Wellington Interceptor-Group – Commander Walton
7th USAF Fighter-wing
9th USAF Fighter-wing
64th USAF Fighter-wing
1e Licht Bombardeer Groep – Commander Laaijrmakers (Dutch-AF)
USAF 1st CAG-wing from USS Lexington (Andrews)
USAF 2nd CAG-wing from USS Lexington (Arnold)
Enemy Forces
Ground forces defending Christchurch (General Komoda)
9th Rikusentai (Marines)
IJN Warships
CV Soryu
CVL Zuiho
CVL Chitosi
CVL Chiyoda
Heavy-Cruiser ‘Tone’
Heavy-Cruiser ‘Chukuma’
Light-cruiser ‘Natori’
Light-cruiser ‘Tatsuta’
Destroyer-flotilla ‘18’
Destroyer-flotilla ‘12’
IJN Carrier-Planes
19th Cag-wing
20th Cag-wing
14th Cag-wing
11th Cag-wing
15th Cag-wing
***************
After a string of victories where the enemy suffered large losses, vainly trying to take Wellington; our effective blockade of IJN supply-ships trying to reach Christchurch and our sinking of numerous vessels over the last few months and finally the mounting death-toll from our continual bombing-runs, on 22 September I began preparations to retake Christchurch from the Japanese army on South-Island.
I well knew that this operation could be a risk and victory far from certain but with the American’s nearly taking all of the Philippines by this time and guessing that Tokyo-command would have a divided strategy regarding their ground-forces attacking Soviet-Vladivostok & the IJN’s constant struggle with the Yanks for control of so many Pacific bases and shipping lanes, I decided to gamble.
With reports from Dutch-pilots that the enemy-units in Blenheim were losing organization and troop moral was falling and those same units now retreating from the coast and fleeing out of the reach of our bombers, I decided we needed to take the chance to remove that large army on South-Island. If we succeeded, we could greatly hasten reclaiming our region and use the allied-power under our command, to quickly and strategically play a new role in turning back the Axis in the entire Pacific theater.
I did not have the free troops to hold the gains we have already made, while guaranteeing the defense of Wellington and also be able to quickly relieve the Marines holding Noumea to spearhead the assault on Christchurch. Since Britain is fighting in the Med and East-Africa, the new troops needed to come from the US.
After discussions with the Americans, we found they had three infantry divisions consisting of 4 regiments. They granted the 3 units and I reorganized them into 4 divisions with 3 regiments each, then created the 2nd AEF corps to head to NZ. With Supply an issue at times and convoys uncertain, I preferred 9.000 vs 12,000 man divisions and knew US command would also be better-off later.
22 September – Admiral Drummond’s Tasman Transport sailed from Sydney.
– 4th NZ Infantry-Division (INFx2+AA+ART) & 1st Mounted protects Auckland.
– Valiant TF ordered to Cape Matatula to see if enemy still holds US-Samoa.
– 2 US Troop Transport Planes now parked on Lae airfield?
– US Paratroopers under French command now defend Tahiti.
– We requested long ago that Britain reclaim Nauru but no action yet.
23 September – We win a skirmish in Wellington-6 men killed vs 94 enemy dead.
25 September – We get 4LL. Badly needed DDs will not deploy till June next year.
– HMS Valiant found US-Samoa still well-defended.
27 September – Valiant Squadron raiding off Christchurch along with our RN-DDs.
01 October – We sink another supply-vessel.
– Tasman Transport arrived in port at LA. Drummond ordered to re-base in Wellington but routed to Noumea first.
04 October – TAC runs in recent weeks cost the enemy 1,700 troops.
09 October – Adm. Drummond arrived in Noumea and left two INF-Divisions to hold the port, and then took the other two infantry to Gisborne. Marines moved to Wellington
10 October – We sank four enemy supply-convoys this day!
12:00hrs. 11 October – The Battle of Christchurch
If the defenders were still in supply, I knew the marines would have a fight on their hand and ordered the Lexington CAGs to hit the enemy troops on the ground; however, reports came back that after four days of action, fewer than 300 perished on the ground. After we met stubborn resistance, causing too much time to pass and our being blind to enemy-warships approaching the battle-zone, I canceled the order and returned the planes to CAG-duty. For some reason, our Destroyers sinking yet another supply-convoy actually caused my fears of a surprise to grow.
Late at night on the
21st, it became clear that one assault would not take the port; I ordered Drummond to bring the 40th & 41st US Infantry-Divisions to
Canterbury-Bight, hoping my fears were not founded. However, I then received news that enemy CAGs were striking the port at Auckland. Where did they come from?!
Since the Marines yet fought on the beaches, I left our warships right where they were and hoped we would take the port. Back at Auckland, half the port was soon in flames and the enemy planes also heavily damaged 2nd LC causing me to order that flotilla to Sydney to save the vessels but now Captain Stratton had no reserve.
At this time I pulled our RN DD-squadron off raiding and sent them to
East Cape to scout what enemy ships were north of Gisborne. At the same time I sent Lexington to
Taranaki Bight desiring to see if our CAGs would spot the enemy-fleet.
07:00 hrs. 25 October – We still could not see the enemy fleet and soon CAGs began striking our Destroyers scouting
East Cape. After suffering extensive damage on the first strike, I ordered Studholme-Brownrigg to sail south to Wellington and the safety of our fighter cover and to re-base at Sydney.
With the Japanese-Carriers moving south along the eastern-coast of the north-island, I ordered Rear-Admiral Fletcher to bring the Lexington TF back down to
Pegasus Bay to Patrol and give our forces early warning in
Canterbury-Bight if the enemy CVs approached. Eight hours later at
15:00 hrs. we lost
the 1st Battle of Christchurch. We lost 2,217 and 1,382 defenders were killed.
We had not yet seen the enemy fleet and with the HMS Valiant cleared for action, I ordered the two US Infantry-Divisions forward off Drummond’s transports; the enemy was likely weak & exhausted after that long fight.
Contact!
1. Without my Destroyers to screen the invasion I lost my race with time
and the enemy fleet surprised us in
Canterbury Bight and we were engaged.
2. I was still confidant the infantry could win this fight.
However, now a serious disadvantage came into the heat of battle; as Lexington came to the sea-zone,
the fighters from Wellington would be soon be too distant to engage.
07:00 hrs. 27 October – Bombs sink NZ 4th Transport Flotilla. Unlike the battle for
Admiralty Islands, the oversight of bringing too many transports to
Canterbury Bight, prevented our losing another infantry-division to the sea.
While the battle raged IJN heavy-cruisers came into the sea-lanes at some point but from what port or direction we do not know. When the damaged Zuiho was seen in port, I ordered the Dutch TACs to re-base in Wellington and hit the CVL but in the event they were shot to pieces and I had to call them off.
Even though enemy CAGs were finally dis-organized, the Valiant TF also suffered serious damage to several warships.
In the early morning hours of
1 November, we lost
the 2nd Battle of Christchurch. US losses 1,106 men; Enemy loss141. Not believing this lone unit had won two battles I sent Tuker’s 6th NZL from leaky LCTs into the port; surely this would win the day and I could quickly secure the port with fresh troops?
However we could not finish the last assault because after I had ordered our heavily damaged fleets to port, only then did two IJN CAs, the Chukuma & Tone appear and they neared 1st LC; to not flee - would have sent Tuker’s men down too. The
3rd Battle of Christchurch was over and I could not do a damned thing about it. 376 kiwis lost to a dozen enemy supermen.
Total losses Allies
3,699 men
USN 1st Destroyer-Division
NZ 4th Transport Flotilla
Damages
3/5ths of the port facilities at Auckland.
Enemy loss
1,543 Marines
Destroyer-flotilla ‘18’
4 Supply-Convoys
[Next: What happened around the world while mad-markkur Recklessly Assaulted]