The year 1930 marked an important turn point in Carol's life and that of the Kingdom of Romania. Somewhere during the spring Carol returned, incognito, to Romania and secretively looked for support among old friends in the government and military. On June 7, with support from Iuliu Maniu and Gheorghe Mironescu, the act of 28 September 1925 through which Carol had renounced the throne, was canceled. With his son Mihae still being too young, his brother Nicolae happy to give up his position and the military favoring Carol
[1], there was no option for the opposition but to accept.
It was clear that, although Carol might have lost some connection with reality, he had a well thought out plan when he claimed the throne and in 1930 the first steps of his reforms were executed. He started with the construction of an industrial and cultural center around Brasov.
[2] In '31 and '32 Romania went through a series of land and administrative reforms and the country was divided into seven areas that had little resemblances to the old borders. Although the new administrative districts gave rise to some conflicts, the land reforms distributed a lot of land among farmers, combined with the increase in industry, most people were positive about the changes. Besides a couple reports of minor incidents there is actually very little evidence that Carol was anything other then a sane, functional ruler during these years.
By the 1933 Carol's policies changed to a far more aggressive stance both internally and externally. Within the government, he slowly started to limit the freedom of the parties as he seemed to grow more and more suspicious of political enemies. That year the Cercetaşi Ascuns de Română (CAR)
[3] were formed who mostly operated as his personal secret service. The FARR had been given funds to expand and for the first time a Romanian build plane, the IAR.24 met the requirements, at the 1st national air contest of Romania.
The Little Entente was abolished and except for Poland and France, Romania had very little diplomatic allies. Internally the country was flooded with nationalistic propaganda with a very strong hint to old dacian culture. A lot of emphasis was put on the threats of a coming war and several neighboring countries were proclaimed oppressors of 'our peoples'. Nobody in Romania was surprised when the one-year draft was passed.
Over the years the hint of a militaristic Dacian identity had made way for a strong flavor and the military reforms of '35 redivided the entire army into the new 'Triburi' system. It was clear that part of the army was being prepared for war as they were outfitted with the latest equipment and uniforms. The FARR put out a contract to extend the 1st Grup Tactic Bombardier with the new IAR.37 as well as an entire new fighter group to be build.
[4] Then on 18 February 1936 an act was passed mobilizing part of the economy for military purposes and imposing a mandatory three-year draft.
Up till fall, the year had been relatively quiet on a global scale. Except for the Italians turning Ethiopia into a puppet state on April 1st and the Spanish nationalists starting a short lived attempt at a revolution, not much had happened. So the whole world was a bit surprised when Romania mobilized it's forces on 28th September. Then, at 03:00 on the 15th of November 1936, when Romanian forces crossed the Danube and invaded Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, the whole world felt the threat of a coming war.
[1] – Many of the important positions in the military chain of command where occupied by soldiers who first encountered Carol at the front during WW-I. Most of them were stationed as low-ranking officers at the time.
[2] - In a couple months SET had been abolished and incorporated in IAR, a new university of Politehnics was build with a faculty for electrical engineering and one for aerodynamics and Radiotelephonic Broadcasting Company was moved to Brasov and renamed Radio Română.
[3] – Roughly translates to Covert Scouts of Romania
[4] – The group consisted of PZL.P24 and IAR.24 fighter planes. The Polish variant was preferred but they could not supply all 40 planes in a year so 14 of the Romanian build variant filled the gap.