Chapter 140, Washington DC, 5 August 1941
Buchan whistled softly as he flicked through the hastily scribbled notes that the Ambassador had made during his visit to the State Department. Grabbing a scalding hot coffee (Buchan hated tea) he jotted down some notes of his own and stared out over the Embassy gardens.
The mission had started so well. After the Prime Minister’s candid and detailed letter to Roosevelt had been received by the Americans Woolton had been instructed by Downing Street (not, Buchan had remarked at the time, the Foreign Office) to follow it up with
“robust diplomacy to define and determine the British position in regard to American responses to Japan”. Buchan had winced at Halifax’s horrendous prose (for he presumed that such waffle had to come from the PM) and had tried, desperately, to assist his master:
“the Downing Street despatch is simply infantile – how in the blazes can you define something you haven’t yet determined? And shouldn’t we be putting our position to the Americans after we have at least decided what the hell it is?” Woolton had chuckled amiably at Buchan’s ranting memorandum but Buchan sensed, as ever, the steel behind the smile. Woolton’s programme at State had been impressive, with a great sweep of US officials agreeing to hear his ‘pitch’ for a sensible joint approach to the threat of Japan in the Far East. But then it had stalled, for the Americans had received ‘guidance’ from a most unexpected loose cannon.
Buchan smiled with the irony that his revelations to Ambassador Woolton had, in a very convoluted way, created the problem that they now had to deal with. The unmasking of a German spy in London had led to the downfall of Sir Henry Channon, formerly a Foreign Office minister. Halifax, in the general desire to be rid of Channon seen and felt by many in Whitehall, had dismissed the wayward ‘Chips’ to return to the land of his birth, the US. Channon had duly done that, and for a few months had succeeded in keeping relatively quiet. But now, bitter and vengeful, he had turned on the Prime Minister. Buchan flicked through one of the Embassy reports to find the excerpt that he was looking for. In Channon’s light and elegant handwriting he described in vicious detail the personality of his former leader:
“As I walked away I reflected on Halifax’s extraordinary character; his high principles, his engaging charm and grand manner – his power to frighten people into fits – me sometimes – his snobbishness – his eel-like qualities and, above all, his sublime treachery which is never deliberate, and, always to him, a necessity dictated by a situation. Means are nothing to him, only ends, He is insinuating, but unlovable."
Buchan gulped on his coffee. That was just a part of Channon’s attack upon the Prime Minister, which, though easily laughed away (as many an American had done) still made Washington wonder why they should support a Prime Minister who was so obviously going to be replaced, or made to resign. Woolton, Buchan realised, was no longer making policy, he was reacting to someone else’s. He was fighting a rearguard. Which meant, Buchan realised as he strode up to see the Ambassador, that he needed something new to wave at the Americans.
“Ah, Alexander,” Woolton said genially, peering over his spectacles. I’m just reading His Lordship’s reply to our last despatch.”
“May I venture a question as to how our Prime Minister is thinking?”
“Hesitantly,” Woolton said precisely. “Though he has unearthed a new policy which may just go down very well with our American brethren.”
“Please tell me,” Buchan said, earning himself a look of amusement over the spectacles.
“The Japanese ambassador in London, Sluggy-rum-do...”
“Shigemitsu,” Buchan corrected gently, before adding “and he’s a sneaky little bastard.”
“Quite so,” Woolton said gravely. “For he has asked our beloved Prime Minister to close the Burma Road.”
Buchan whistled. “To be honest, Your Excellency, I’m astonished that we haven’t closed it anyway.”
“As was I, but it appears that neither ourselves nor the Japanese were paying much attention in that area. Anyway, the Prime Minister has decided to refuse the request, essentially he wants to call the Japanese bluff.”
Buchan laughed. As a British diplomat he was used to defending British collapses of courage or ability. Norway, France, Milan, Russia and (or so he had guessed) Japan were battle honours scored into every diplomat’s psyche. But now Halifax was arguing to keep open the road, winding from Burma up into India and beyond, that was (rightly) suspected of giving aid to the Chinese rebels. For Halifax to have forgotten about its existence until now had to be down to oversight.
“Does the Prime Minister give any hint of why Shigemitsu made the request now?”
“He does not, I’m afraid. All he says is, arm, ah yes here.
‘The Japanese will inflict upon us every possible annoyance short of war’. That is perhaps why the Prime Minister feels able to behave as he is. Can we use this?”
“Christ yes! Sorry Your Excellency...”
“No need, Alex. Pray go on.”
“Well, it will be popular with the Americans. It gives them, and us, an option: arm the Chinese to fight so we don’t have to. The Chinese cause is also far more likely to garner support from the American media and public than ours, and it stops these terrible editorials about the good Lord Halifax.”
“So we can push this in our meetings with them?”
Buchan, initially so confident, appeared to pull back from his earlier optimism. “They may say ‘so what’, arguing that Halifax has been so weak that one decisive action doesn’t change their position. We might need more than this.”
“Why do you say that?”
“The American public have had two British Prime Ministers in the last eighteen months. Chamberlain, who gave away Europe but still got us in a war, and Halifax, who gave away whatever was left to get us out of the war, but made such a mess of the aftermath that he comes across as an aloof, indecisive aristocrat. These personalities give a very poor image of Britain. He’s an unknown to a lot of the public.”
Woolton looked outside of the window for a moment. He was enjoying this unexpected move into the world of diplomacy and foreign affairs, and was turning in a decent if unspectacular performance. He thought about Buchan’s point and vowed to do his best. “What about the Foreign Secretary?”
Buchan snorted. “Butler has no affinity with them. Stick him in the Capitol and they’ll be allying themselves to the Japanese. Is Your Excellency minded to suggest a ministerial visit?”
Woolton pursed his lips. “I do not know. But your point about personality is striking. Here we have a rare opportunity of showing our country in a positive light. This news ought to come from someone who is capable of making an impact in this city. With this Tutuila incident the Japanese are pushing the Americans into hostility. We must try and make sure that they do so with us.”
Buchan smiled. Washington had been particularly quiet on the subject of the Tutuila, an American gunboat attacked at anchor by the Japanese. Woolton suspected that the Americans were waiting to see what the Japanese made of their protest; Woolton realised that this was a good opportunity to show solidarity with the Americans, presenting Britain as a natural partner against an increasingly hostile Japan.
[Game Effect] – Surprisingly US/UK relations are at a staggeringly high +195, which with this latest attempt to improve relations sours to a dizzy +200. This is too high, and there is still some work to do to set up any kind of special wartime relationship.
I’ve reintroduced the BritishImperial based Buchan for a couple of reasons. Firstly it’s great to have an uninhibited character who I can use to voice the “modern voice of sanity” that my other characters necessarily lack. I was also fed up of Whitehall-based scheming; I wanted to show the effects of the PM’s decisions, and to show how the Washington Embassy is getting along.
Woolton is continuing his adequate performance as British Ambassador. The word that comes to mind every time I contemplate Woolton is “decent”. He was a decent old sort, a community-minded businessman who, I think, would have jumped on any opportunity to fight for his country’s interests in the murky world of international relations. Aided by the clever (and terribly non-establishment) Buchan the plan, to fly the flag with the visit of someone reasonably popular (and bringing good news for a change) is a shrewd one, with one glaring weakness: implicit in all this is the realisation that Halifax is still an aloof, grey, aristocrat. The request, fired up through Butler (who, Buchan is correct in saying, has no rapport with Americans) and into Cabinet will stand or fall depending upon Halifax’s views. The next question is who to send. Halifax has placed some importance on improving his relationship with FDR but will want to avoid the potential upstaging of Woolton, and so a Halifax or Eden visit would be difficult.
And finally, confession time. I’ve been slightly unfair to Halifax in promoting this “we must be firm against Japan” policy as a desperate act by a failing PM. Halifax, so eighteenth century in so many things, was modern (for 1941) in one crucial area: he distinguished between European and Asian politics quite starkly. So meek in European affairs, he was tougher on the need to stand up to Japan diplomatically, arguing that the Burma Road be kept open in 1940 (not, as I have put here, 1941) when faced with a Japanese request to stop it. It was only the worried opinion of the military that Britain could not match this rhetoric with military might that led to his agreeing. This 1941 request, and the British desire to “sail in concert” with the Americans (again though, this is not based on idealism, but on the fact that Halifax wants the US military and economy on his side) means yet more work for Woolton and his staff.
Enewald: Well, do not forget that I am pressing on with the KGVs (
King George V, Prince of Wales, Duke of York, Queen,) and the new SHBBs (
Anson, Cochrane, Saumarez, Jellicoe) which is a huge improvement in terms of quality and numbers for the battleship fleet. But I’m not going to ignore the smaller ships as I don’t think that Hankey would.
Nathan Madien: I couldn’t resist including Niven in the AAR somewhere. The whole Cowes thing seemed too good an opportunity to miss.
DonnieBaseball: I think that Hankey would have a sympathy for the battleship navy, but as a man more interested in results than tradition he would be keen on new innovations. Thank God, because the British will need ‘em.
El Pip: The saga of the guns has, sadly, yet to be played out and this will be a sorry tale. Yes, the British did prepare 18” guns, and were probably capable of making them, but I have plumped for what I think would be a fair balance between expense and gain: the guns to be used are probably those agreed for the Lion Class, namely triple mounted 16” guns – though they’ll be required in greater numbers to meet the requirements of the Ansons. You’re right, Britain
could make the bigger guns, but I really doubt that the jittery cabinet would risk it.
Bafflegab: The mood in Cowes is probably the mood everywhere – it’s just that your lazy narrator (i.e. me) hasn’t mentioned it before.
Nathan Madien/DonnieBaseball/Bafflegab/Trekaddict/El Pip: Oh dear...:rofl: