Order No. 270: January 16, 1916
To stiffen the resolve of Royal Italian Army and ensure that every man fights to the death.
I hereby order:
Commanders and soldiers who during battle tear off their insignia and desert to the rear, or give themselves up as prisoners should be considered criminal deserters and their families be subject to arrest as families of deserters, who breached their oath and betrayed the Fatherland. Higher ranking commanders and Agents of Royal of Committee of Internal Affairs must shoot out of hand such deserters among the Royal Italian Army.
When surrounded by the enemy, units and sub-units should fight selflessly to the utmost, cherishing their equipment as they would their love ones, to break out in order the reunite with their unites at the rear of the enemy. If a breakout is impossible, encircled unites will fight to the last man.
Commanders of divisions must immediately remove from their posts, commanders of battalions and companies who are hiding in the trenches at time of battle and are afraid to lead the course of combat on the battlefield, demote them as imposters and if necessary shoot them on the spot. Replace them by bold courageous people from amongst the junior command or from amongst outstanding soldiers.
This order will be read out to all members of the Royal Italian Army.
Victor Emmanuel III, by the Grace of God and the Will of the Nation, King of Italy, King of Sardinia, Grand Marshal of Italy