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Poverty mostly. My great great grand mother saved up to make sure all her kids could buy a ticket out of the hell hole of poor Kristiania. Up until the 60s or 70s it would have seemed a good call.

You might enjoy the short novel Hunger by Knut Hamsun. It's set there and really has a great sense of atmosphere.

He did later become fascist and disgusting, though.
 
Btw it's actually Volkswagen (I could imagine Volkswagon as something like a very naziish version of Wagonlitz).

Also note it's the only automobile manufacturer that has swag in its name.
Related:
Does this kind of advertising works on you muricans? It's so cringe for me.