Rank and File
A Clerk’s War
Tuesday 17th April to Sunday 22nd April
Our Embassy in Japan has told us that a new nation has been created: the state of Mengkukuo. It is led by Prince Demchugdomgrub, and its capital will be Kalgan. According to the Ambassador in Tokyo, it is purely a puppet sate, set up by Japan to keep the population more docile and less likely to revolt. While it has an army, our military attaché believes it consists of no more than a few thousand men attached to the General Staff. Privately, our diplomats do not see why Japan has taken this extraordinary action, as it has included large groups of Chinese within its boundaries.
The new nation: Mengkukuo
Its leader: Prince Demchugdomgrub, with two officers of the Mengjiang National Army. Unfortunately for our Japanese allies, the MNA is not able to field a single combat unit.
The battle of attrition between the Luftwaffe and the RAF continued both over the Channel and the neighbouring airbases. 7th Jagdfliegerkorps took its baptism of fire when it met several air carrier groups over the Channel. These were quickly reinforced with four fighter groups, and Fisser’s pilots were driven back to Cherbourg. The Royal Navy aircraft resumed their patrol of the sea lanes leading to the United Kingdom’s busiest ports, while the RAF followed our Messerschmitts. Losses were reasonable on the first day, with “Benelux” losing 11 aircraft and “Ruoff” losing just 5. British losses are unclear, but may have been as high as 25 planes.
The escalating cost of the air war has put increasing pressure onto the developers of the Luftwaffe’s next fighter design. Göring has apparently been ringing the research divisions on a daily basis, but has been told that these processes cannot be hurried. It would not help to pump in more money or resources: only time will see a successful completion of the program. The best estimate is that the new aircraft will become available in the first week of June.
It will not be a minute too soon. Fisser saw another five of his aircraft shot down the next day, purely in defence of his air base at Cherbourg. (Most of the pilots were saved). The attackers, 221 RAF Fighter Group, led by Air Marshall Sholto-Douglas, lost only four planes.
Unterhehmen Stierkampf is still being progressing even in the absence of 2nd Panzerkorps. General Blaskowitz and 29.Infanterie (mot) have entered the forests of Briviesca, chasing the Autometralladoras. A Spanish infantry unit has blocked the roads and paths through the heavily wooded region, and seems determined to hold up our motorised columns. Blaskowitz believes this is to allow their armour to escape and recover from the exhaustion which has left it virtually useless as a combat force, and is just as determined to break through.
Battle of Briviesca: as can be seen from this enhanced terrain map, we are safely through the mountains of northern Spain
With 2nd Panzerkorps no longer drawing supply from the railhead at Bayonne, there is more fuel and materiel for the other armour units. 1st Panzer Division has moved against General Miaja Menart in Soria. With the Ebro behind him, General Nehring must now face another natural obstacle: the River Duero. The Spanish are in a good position to prevent the river crossing, having just under 15,000 men in prepared positions. A few captured soldiers tell us morale is high on the Spanish side of the river and the units are fresh, so Nehring will find it hard to break through. The orders from General Rommel at the headquarters of the Sud-Frankreich Army are clear however: there is to be no let up. Unternehmen Stierkampf is not to be put on hold waiting for the arrival of 2nd Gebirgsjägerkorps. Nehring is an experienced officer, and knows that Rommel is quite likely to assume direct control if he believes that the commander at the front is not committed to the attack.
More news came from Japan. Mengkukuo has expanded. Several provinces of Xibei San Ma have been attached to the original territory. Again, we are advised by our diplomats that this has little effect other than to placate the population.
Ministers Schacht and Bayerlein are elated at the news that Bayonne air base has been doubled in size. The work crews have achieved wonders in completing the expansion in such a short time, and this should assist the repair and maintenance of our aircraft, even though the base is still overcrowded. There was some thought of continuing the work, but General Rommel insisted that by the time the next stage was finished, we should be able to use the airfields around Madrid. This has allowed Reichsmarschall Göring to successfully demand that more radar sites be built along the Channel to help our fighters in their war against the RAF. Crews have been sent to prepare sites at Cherbourg, Calais and Dieppe, and technical components are being manufactured (at some cost) ready for installation. With some luck the facilities should be ready for use by early September.
General Durruti Dumage’s attempts to block the advance of 29.Infanterie (mot) in Briviesca met with complete failure. Prisoners report that morale in 13/7a Infantry Division plummeted when it was realised that they were supposed to hold the lonely roads deep in the forest while the elite Autometralladoras made good their escape. Repeatedly Blaskowitz’ men found abandoned roadblocks made of piles of felled trees and rocks rolled across the roads and paths. Had they been held by resolute men it could have meant a long slow battle forward, with every bend revealing a new strongpoint. The thick vegetation would have nullified our air superiority and our Stukas would have been next to useless. As it was, our trucks rolled forward virtually with only occasional halts while the road was cleared of the makeshift obstacles, and the last of the Spanish left Briviesca sometime on Thursday 19th. Only 17 of our soldiers men were listed as killed or MIA, and although 13/7a lost just 72 men, it was a clear victory for 29.Infanterie (mot).
29.Infanterie (mot) on the road: with the increasing motorisation of the Wehrmacht we need every vehicle we can get and the French-made Renault is a welcome addition to our truck fleet. Behind it is a Henschel: our motorised divisions take whatever is available.
The 19th also saw a resurgence of activity from the FARE. The Inspekteur der Jagdflieger, Oberst Werner Junck, suspects an unparalleled degree of co-operation between the British and the Spanish. For days we have been subject to waves of carrier planes coming in from the Bay of Biscay. Now that the British have paused in their attacks, the Spanish have resumed their bombing of our troops. It seems unbelievable that our enemies could have achieved this level of co-ordination, but the result is that our overstretched Messerschmitt Staffeln must stay in combat continuously.
One reason for mounting fighter losses over the past few days: the Fairey Fulmar with its 8 wing mounted Browning machine guns. Although at a disadvantage with single seater fighters, they handle well and their long range allows them plenty of time over the battlefield.
The first sign that the FARE was back occurred over Soria. Dörstling’s Blitz geschwader, escorting “Storch” and “Reiher” on a routine bombing mission, radioed in that it was under attack from nearly 400 Spanish fighters. Once again, our individual aircraft were far superior to the Russian I-15s and I-16s, but with a four to one advantage, our fighters could not prevent some of the enemy from reaching the bomber formations. The Junkers 88s fought back as well as they could with their four MG 81s, but losses started to mount. As soon as the last bomb was dropped 6th Kampffliegerkorps raced for Bayonne. (Although out tactical bombers are based at Bordeaux, further up the coast, our fighter bases are closer to the front). Over Bayonne, four of our Messerschmitt geschwader rose to meet the Spanish, now reduced to three groups. The Spanish soon withdrew, but we suffered quite heavily. “Blitz” lost 10 fighters in its valiant attempt to protect its charges, but “Storch” and “Reiher” had 25 aircraft destroyed. Bogatsch’s fighters were virtually unscathed, but after the battle “Schlageter” was reduced to 83 planes.
Air Battle of Bayonne: using advanced photographic techniques, we have been able to map the infrastructure of Spain and southwest France. It is easy to see why our supply columns struggle to keep up with the demands of the frontline troops and the air and headquarters units in the rear.
A squadron of I-16 fighters over Soria: our Messerschmitts are struggling to hold back the FARE
Barely had the pilots landed, when they were rushed back into the air, as General von Manstein’s 3rd leichte Panzer was under attack. As they approached Longrono, several hundred Spanish bombers were identified. For once the Luftwaffe was superior in numbers, and 29 SB-2s were shot down. Again, our fighter losses were minimal, but they keep adding up.
On Friday 20th, the drive to Madrid continued, with de Angelis and 16.Infanterie (mot) pushing deep into Salas de los Infantes. The province is held by about 9,000 Spanish infantry, but de Angelis has evidence that the quality of the leadership is questionable. His prediction is that despite the advantages of prepared positions and fairly good defensive terrain, the Spanish will not last long against his experienced infantry, with his Aufklärungs Sdkfz 231 8 Rad Schwerer Panzerspähwagen leading the attack. The Spanish infantry have little in the way of anti-tank weaponry, and we have found that they soon pull back when faced with armour of any type.
Battle of Salas de los Infantes
Burgos, the capital of General Franco’s ill-fated rebellion, is within our grasp. The Pz IIs of Keppler’s 1st leichte are crossing the plains around the city, the only opposition being about 6,000 support troops attached to the headquarters of 1a Divisone Orgánica and Cabelleros. Keppler, like de Angelis, expects to complete this task quickly.
As if to remind us why we patrol the English Channel, one of Fisser’s Oberst’s confirmed what had previously only been a rumour: the Royal Navy now has dedicated naval bomber squadrons. During an air battle in the Western English Channel, 7th Jagdfliegerkorps recorded enemy aircraft from 14th RAF Fighter Group, 3rd Carrier Air Group and 15th Royal Navy Coastal Naval Command. The new RN unit is equipped with Short Singapore flying boats. Although now nearly obsolescent, these aircraft could still pose a threat to the Kriegsmarine, and their long range (more than 1,000 kilometres) makes them a significant problem for our U-boats. They can carry several bombs, as well as their machine guns, but their ability to detect the submarines far at sea and call in their location will be the main danger.
An elderly but still dangerous Short Singapore, now a member of 15th RN Coastal Naval Command
My brother Heinz will be pleased: the design team at Böhmisch-Mährische-Machinenfabrik AG (well, this is what the press release says, but everyone knows it is the Czech company Cechomoravska Kolben-Danek under a new name) has come up with a new gun for our light tanks. Following this breakthrough, the Waffenamt has authorised an upgrade of all our light tank regiments. They will be issued with the PzKpfw.38(t)A, a tank manufactured completely in what was previously Czechoslavakia. Not as fast as the Pz II, but better armour and an extra crew man will make Heinz a happy man.
One of the new tanks for our leichte Panzer regiments: the changeover will start immediately
Göring has been successful at last, as the research funding has been allocated to the Luftwaffe’s training program. Better techniques for refuelling-rearming and better repair and maintenance procedures will act as a boost for our fighter performance. The only question is how long before this training is available to our ground crews.
The RAF continued the pressure on Saturday: Dortmund was attacked early in the morning, and synthetic rubber stockpiles were destroyed and several manufacturing plants damages. The recently added anti-air defences were neutralised and the bombers headed home, our fighters nowhere to be seen.
A flight of Handley-Page Hampden bombers flies low over one of the Reich’s key manufacturing plants, looking for targets, confident that no fighters or anti-air require them to maintain height.
Just as this report was arriving in Berlin, word was received from the Channel that Fisser had met a huge number of British aircraft. “Benelux” had only 75 fighters and “Ruoff” was down to 82 planes, yet they found themselves facing the 348 fighters of 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th RAF Fighter Groups, 95 aircraft of 15th Royal Navy Coastal Naval Command and 100 Fairey Fulmars and Albacores from a nearby carrier. With the pilots of 7th Jagdfliegerkorps fighting for their lives, Rommel radioed from Spain that carrier aircraft were again bombing his men in Belorado and Briviesca. Where was his fighter cover? Oberkommando der Luftwaffe had no answer: there were no planes available. The Inspekteur der Jagdflieger, Oberst Junck, must have had a difficult time.
Air Battle of the Channel Approaches: von Nordeck, the commander of II Unterseebootsflotte which is operating in the area , is increasingly nervous, and with good reason. Fisser’s pilots report seeing an aircraft carrier, two heavy cruisers, a light cruiser and two destroyer flotillas, in addition to the flying boats of 15th CNC.
Junck’s bad day was not over. 7th Jagdflieger fled back to Cherbourg, chased by three RAF Fighter Groups. While Göring was reportedly embarrassed at a clear Luftwaffe defeat, at least Fisser kept his losses to only 7 aircraft. It didn’t help matters that, as the news that our Messerchmitts were fleeing from the British was being digested, phones in the Reichsluftfahrtministerium were going berserk as every local commander in Dortmund Luftbau rang to announce that RAF Strategic Command had returned to add to the damage already inflicted to the industrial areas of the city.
The Luftwaffe’s “Dies horribilis” was completed when Fisser responded to a request from Commander von Nordeck. Aircraft were endangering his U-boats, but when “Benelux” and “Ruoff” flew to Bristol to drive off the patrolling aircraft, they were jumped by fresh RAF units. This time it was 395 fighters from 10th, 14th 207th and 212th Fighter Groups. 15th RN Coastal Naval Command and the 3rd Carrier Air Group, which had lured our fighters to combat, were just another 195 potential threats. Fisser was not so lucky this time: 14 planes were shot down.
The capture of Burgos by 1st leichte Panzer Division was little consolation for those of us in Berlin reeling from the succession of disastrous reports from the various Jafüs. Yet General Keppler had much to be proud of, clearing the city without losing a man, and killing or capturing 181 of the 6,000 defenders.
(I had thought the day’s bad news for the Luftwaffe was complete, but I was wrong. At 10PM that night, Dortmund was again under bombardment. Probably guided by the fires lit during the daylight raids, Newall’s 2nd 3rd and 4th Strategic Bomber Groups were again able to carry out their mission without interference: the anti-aircraft towers were silent, their communications destroyed and many of the crew dead or injured. Although it was not made public, not a single fighter was sighted over Dortmund during the entire day. Even with it being kept out the newspapers, civilian morale will be affected as the word will spread.)
On Sunday morning, feeling a bit depressed by Saturday’s news, I found myself just sitting around, so I told myself I may as well waste my time at work as at home. As might be expected, there were changes in our fighter deployment. 5th Jagdfliegerkorps is already on its way to Amsterdam, joining Nordsee Army (Rommel must do with just one Jagdfliegerkorps of two geschwader). Generalleutnant Bogatsch has orders to intercept any bombers crossing the Nordsee: his men are to defend our cities at the borders. The radar station at Haarlem should help. I hope the citizens of Dortmund, waking up to scene of ruin and smouldering fires, get better protection. Only half the factories in the city are able to operate today.
The “Freya” radar station at Haarlem: peering out into the Nordsee for threats
There was also news from the Foreign Ministry, presumably a late night coded message from Tokyo. Japan has secured transit rights from Yunnan (what use will that be?) and, only slightly more important, Mengkukuo has joined the war against Nationalist China, Xibei San Ma and the Guangxi Clique. At least it is good news, if not particularly exciting.
Further good news came from the Wehrmacht. Our second Fallschirmjäger Division has been formed. In line with wartime efficiency, there was no Berlin parade for this unit, it has been despatched to Bayonne. It is not clear if it is to be used for an airdrop (on Madrid?) or if it is to obtain some combat experience on the ground. The Luftwaffe of course demanded that all the manufacturing capacity freed up be assigned to producing aircraft, but sufficient orders for just one geschwader of interceptors have been placed with Messerschmitt. The rest of the funds and production will be used to equip another garrison division, tentatively earmarked for Yugoslavia. We cannot leave Österreich Army on guard duty.
While there may not have been a grand parade for 2nd Fallschirmjäger Division, the new members of this elite unit could not be prouder
Things were looking quite bright, and my good mood was enhanced when I saw a brief telegram from General de Angelis: he has defeated Masquelet Lacaci in Salas de los Infantees. It sounded as though his prediction about the Spanish morale being in question has proved correct. With only 25 casualties, 16.Infanterie (mot) crushed the two Spanish divisions, who fled after losing 320 men. Supply is flowing freely, and de Angelis hopes to be on the move in less than two days. The Duero lies ahead of him, but his victory means that our forces are now more than halfway to Madrid.
By now I was quite ebullient, but then Luftwaffe reports of the morning’s activity started to arrive and I felt some concern: was this going to be a repeat of yesterday? The Haarlem radar unit warned of large numbers of aircraft gathering over Dover, and Bogatsch, a typically aggressive Luftwaffe commander, decided that attack was the best form of defence. He claimed that he believed that the RAF was planning a mass strategic bombing raid and that he could hit it while it was organising. Whatever his reasons, Ost 1 and 2 did find Newall’s bombers, but they also found four RAF Fighter Groups, the 10th, 207th, 211th and 212th. Bogatsch ordered his pilots to concentrate on the bombers, and the results showed that his men obeyed this order, at a heavy cost to themselves. 25 strategic bombers were destroyed, but 5th Jagdfliegerkorps lost 12 Messerschmitts. Low on ammunition, our fighters returned to base, rearmed and took on extra fuel, then immediately took off again, heading southeast. Our observers, backed by the radar sites at Bitburg and Dortmund, were tracking the bombers, and Bogatsch chased them to Dortmund. Further damage was sustained by the city, but at least the population had the benefit of seeing that the British did not get off scot-free, as our fighters sent bomber after bomber spiralling into the ground. Newall returned again, but this time Bogatsch was ready and the attack was called off. As his weary pilots no doubt celebrated at the local Amsterdam bars, Bogatsch filed his activity report: an estimated 54 enemy bombers as wellas several fighters eliminated, at a cost of 21 of his fighters. A good day’s work.
This Hampden crashed into a lake near Dortmund, allowing our scientists an opportunity to examine a British strategic bomber. Normally the crew manage to burn or otherwise destroy the vital technical equipment.
The news from Spain was just as uplifting. Bayo de Giraud and his SB-2 had been intercepted over Belorado and given a couple of lessons by 2nd Jagdfliegerkorps. Unfortunately Felmy does not have the luxury of a radar station close enough to the front to give him warning (the nearest is at Bayonne) so he did not arrive over Belorado in time to affect the result of the first raid (which killed 51 men of 16.Infanteire (mot) who were still making their way into Salas de los Infantes). He was ready for the second Spanish raid, however, and not a single bomb was dropped on our troops. For the loss of just 1 fighter, 20 of the Russian supplied bombers were destroyed in the air.
The last of the news for Sunday was a dusk attack launched by General Blaskowitz, westwards across the plains into Tardajos. He reported everything was going well, some fighting but steady progress. 29.Infanterie (mot) is at nearly full strength (9,997 men) and although he is facing an experienced General in Durruti Dumange, and is outnumbered (the Spanish have nearly 12,000 men), he anticipates a fairly routine advance.
I have to admit, I left the Reichskanzlei feeling a lot more positive than when signed in this morning.
Bombing Summary
Luftwaffe
Villarcayo: Kesselring with 1st Schlachtfliegerkorps (2 x Ju 87B):
74, 76
Villarcayo: Kesselring with 1st Schlachtfliegerkorps and 6th Kampffliegerkorps(2 x Ju 87B, 1 x Bf 109E, 2 x Ju 88):
234, 264, 252, 216
Briviesca: Sperrle with 1st Kampffliegerkorps (1 x Bf 109E, 2 x Ju 88):
158, 68
Soria: Dörstling with 6th Kampffliegerkorps (1 x Bf 109E, 2 x Ju 88):
224, 125, 125, 285, 287, 242, 252
Soria: Kesselring with 1st Schlachtfliegerkorps (2 x Ju 87B):
99, 102
Soria: Sperrle with 1st Kampffliegerkorps: (1 x Bf 109E, 2 x Ju 88):
232, 303
Salas de los Infantes: Kesselring with 1st Schlachtfliegerkorps (2 x Ju 87B):
82, 115, 164, 69
Burgos: Sperrle with 1st Kampffliegerkorps (1 x Bf 109E, 2 x Ju 88):
94, 217
Soria: Dörstling with 1st and 6th Kampffliegerkorps (2 x Bf 109E, 4 x Ju 88):
118
FARE
Longrono: Comache Benitez: 1er and 20 Grupo Táctico (2 x TAC):
123, NIL
Belorado: Bayo Giraud with 1er Grup de Bombardeo, Grupo Táctico n.1 FARE (2 x TAC):
51, NIL
RAF (Royal Navy Air Arm)
Belorado: Denny with 7th CAG:
NIL
Briviesca: Cunningham with 6th CAG:
34, NIL, 38
Unterseebootsflotte Activity Report
Eastern Biscay Plain:
1transport (UK): Dover – Tobruk: Dörstling with 2nd U-flotte
Southeast Porcupine Plain:
1 transport (UK): Dover – Kuching: Fricke with 3rd U-flotte
Cape St Vincent:
1 transport (Spanish): Cádiz – Boston: Wolf with 4th U-flotte
South Azores Fracture Zone:
1 transport (Spanish): Cádiz – Boston: Wolf with 4th U-flotte
Eastern Charcot Seamount:
1 transport (UK): Plymouth – Freetown: Fricke with 3rd U-flotte
Breton Coast:
1 transport (UK): Plymouth – Barbados: von Nordeck with II U-flotte
Libia at the end of Sunday 22nd April: despite our “advice” to advance east, the Regio Esercito continues to withdraw west
Spain: Unternehmen Stierkampf is progressing like clockwork, though the FARE and the carrier planes of the Royal Navy are a problem.