Chapter Four, Part Two: Sino-Japanese War / Japanese-American War
Jun 1941 - Aug 1941
Previously in the Influence Wars...
In China, the Japanese forces advanced vigorously in Central China, but met fierce opposition in the South. Meanwhile, the USA declared war on the Empire of Japan and the Japanese-American conflict began. Despite this, a decision was made not to join the Axis in order not to start a war with the Soviet Union.
In Europe and North Africa, the Axis forces were hard pressed on all fronts, but made some progress in Russia.
And now, the conclusion...
The Guam Campaign
Initial attack 4th - 19th of June 1941
The Guam Campaign was planned as a quick and decisive operation involving Japanese marines and several Japanese fleets. The strategic location of Guam made the island a natural target. The big question was how heavily should the Japanese Navy commit to this operation - a decisive battle at this stage of war was unlikely and undesirable, because many campaigns on larger scale were planned, including the conquest of the Philippines and other Pacific possessions of the USA. The Japanese forces had to be large enough in order to ensure a quick victory, but not too large so that in the event of defeat, we would still have naval reserves. A smaller force also had the advantage of consuming less oil.
In the end, 2 SAG, 1 CTF and 1 TP Fleet (with additional escorts) were assigned to the operation. Land and air forces included 2 naval infantry divisions, 2 light fighter air wings and 1 naval bomber air wing. Initially there were plans for 4 (not 2) light fighter air wings to be sent to Saipan, but the attacks of American bombers on Taiwan and surprising activity of the Chinese Air Force prevented that from happening.
Unfortunately, the Americans were well-prepared for our assault. It quickly became apparent that the American soldiers are much more worthy opponents than the Chinese. Moreover, Guam defenders were assisted by very defensible jungle terrain and tricky weather conditions, which hampered the efficiency of our bombers. However, the American bombers were easily intercepted by fast Japanese fighters, so during the first half of June, the enemy presence in the air was almost non-existent.
Naval Battles of Guam 19th - 23rd of June 1941
On the 19th of June, the first enemy fleet engaged our task forces. It was an American CTF and USS Yorktown was the biggest ship in the fleet. IJN Yamato tried to close in and attack the USS Yorktown, but was engaged by enemy's heavy cruisers. After a short exchange of salvoes, USS Baltimore was hit by projectiles from Yamato's main guns and sank several hours later. While large size of the screening force of the invasion fleet created various coordination problems, our air superiority and the bravery and skill of our sailors ensured our victory in this first naval engagement with the US Navy. It was a much needed morale boost for the Japanese, as the first battles often set the tone for the rest of war.
However, the enemy had no intention of abandoning his relief operation of Guam so quickly. During 20th and 21th of June, American SAGs tried to intercept the invasion fleet twice and failed in both cases. No ships were sunk on either side. However, some of our naval vessels were badly damaged during these battles and the Japanese Admirals feared that another enemy attack could result in losses on our side. The Japanese sailors were also frustrated by the inefficiency of our patrol bombers, which missed enemy fleets several times. Considering that the bomber force received little attention during the last years, it should be hardly surprising.
June 22 was decisive - on that day the defenders of Guam finally surrendered and the Japanese soldiers secured the island. The enemy fleet had to abandon the Guam port. Relieved from the escort duty, our fleets could engage the enemy with their full might. A fierce naval battle ensued. It involved intensive fire exchanges between the Japanese battleships and US cruisers. The enemy was clearly trying to protect USS Yorktown at all cost. During the course of battle, USS San Juan was sunk after receiving direct hits from IJN Nagato's main guns and IJN Soryu's torpedo bombers.
When the enemy retreated, Admiral Yamamoto decided to pursue him. He also called for additional support and Japanese reserve fleets were dispatched from Taiwan. The Americans wanted to ensure Yorktown's survival and threw everything they had at us, which resulted in total chaos. Enemy torpedo bombers damaged several of our ships and the situation became dire when two American cruisers outrun our screening ships and attacked the Japanese carriers directly with the support of Yorktown's bombers. Fortunately, IJN Soryu and Ryujo managed to disengage, but they took some damage. Battleships IJN Yamato, IJN Mutsu and IJN Nagato fought bravely and caused considerable damage to the enemy, but they also took heavy beating themselves. The sudden appearance of the US submarines caused further confusion and destruction. The IJN Yamato barely left the battle without being sunk and the heavy cruiser IJN Takao was a floating fireball. However, it was the opposing side which suffered ship losses, as USS Northampton was sunk by IJN Soryu's torpedo bombers.
When the Americans disengaged, it became too risky to pursue them further. Despite the fact that the outcome of the campaign was a strategic success, the damage caused to our ships and aircraft was simply too great. Unescorted ships were too vulnerable to enemy submarines and patrol fleets, so a decision was made to withdraw all fleets to Japan and start preparations for the Philippines Campaign.
The Philippines Campaign
Compared to the intensive Guam Campaign, the attack on the Philippines was relatively uneventful. The Japanese forces consisted of 2 Homegun, 1 SNLF Corps and the bulk of our Navy (damaged ships were replaced with older vessels from the IJN Reserve). Everything went according to the plan - the diversionary attacks in northern and western Philippines were successful and a direct strike at Manila was unopposed. By the end of July, the defenders were disorganised, under-supplied and broken. At first the American fighters caused considerable damage to our aircraft, but the resistance ceased when we overrun the Philippine airfields. Except a single incident with enemy submarines, which resulted in the destruction of several submarines, the Americans did not attempt to intercept the invasion fleets. It is believed that they are still recovering from the Guam Campaign.
The Administration believes that the Philippines Campaign will be over by the end of August at worst.
War in China
In China, the frontline has been mostly static, except in the South. The Chinese made a strong counter-attack in July, which caused considerable damage, as 2 infantry divisions were lost in the resulting encirclement. However, while the Chinese were focused on their counter-attack, the Japanese commanders saw the opportunity to strike directly at Chongqing, which was lightly defended. The battle was bloody, but the enemy was overrun and our forces are entering Chongqing as this report is being written.
Economy and Research
We have begun the increased mobilisation of our economy for the war effort, which greatly increased our capabilities. Both the total industrial output and research budget are at record-high levels (the unfortunate side-effect is the greatly increased resource consumption). Our successes in the war against the USA bolstered our position and the Empire of Japan is now considered to be a Great Power - the western nations finally accepted the facts and started to respect or even fear us.
Also, General Tojo announced the adoption of harsher occupation policy in areas controlled by the Chinese communists. Apart from potential economic benefits, it is believed that this should help the Japanese-German relations without forcing Japan to formally join the Axis.
Unfortunately, our intelligence network is not doing so well. The American spies are causing us much trouble and infiltrated several important government positions.
List of researched techs:
Medium Tank Armour, Large Warship Radar, AA Carriage and Sights, Radar, Capital Ship Main Armament, Small Warship Radar, Fighter Pilot Training, Mechanised Infantry, Small Warship ASW.
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