CHAPTER SEVEN – Part B
The late spring and early summer of 1936 were to prove the first true tests of the House of Windsor’s resurgence of royal power. The end of May saw an increase in Communist Party parades and street agitations, with one splinter group, the
English Workers Union Party (EWUP) advocating a Bolshevik style take over of the Government and another splinter group,
Workers of England (WE), beginning active campaigning to get its members elected into Parliament. Home Secretary Sir John Simon had MI-5 and Scotland Yard’s
Special Branch closely monitor both
WE and
EWUP members in the hopes of finding any information that would allow those parties members to be arrested or at the very least discredited, with particular interest being devoted to the
EWUP. While wishing to do more, the Crown realized that doing any more would threaten the legitimacy of their recovered powers as well alienate their subjects, the citizens of the British Empire.
On June 6, 1936 Eamon de Valera, leader of the
Fianna Fáil, the left of center Irish nationalist party, which had was able to take power by winning the 1932 general election, under pressure of the communist radicals within his party, abolished the
Irish Free State, the title of Ireland as a Dominion of the Empire under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, and announced the creation of the
Republic of Ireland. This republic had a constitution that removed almost all ties Ireland had to the British Crown including any mention of the Govener-General, the Oath of Alligence, any governmental ties between Britain and Ireland, and left the Crown solely as a diplomatic figure head of Ireland.
To say that theis was a blow to the Empire would be a gross understatement. However, despite advice and pleas from many members of the Privy Council and Parliament, King Edward refused to send in Crown forces to correct the issue and instead sent a delegation of diplomats from the Foreign Office, Colonial Office and the Dominions Office to begin negotiations with de Valera.
Edward VIII speaking with Prime Minister Churchill
The King also, secretly of course, authorized the beginning of clandestine work to be done to bring down
Fianna Fáil and bring about the return to power of
Fine Gael , the party ousted by
Fianna Fáil, that had campaigned for Ireland to remain a Dominion within the Empire. The public reaction to the
Irish Defection, as it was called by the press, was mixed and usually along partisan lines. Those along the Left argued that it was a positive move and the great beginning of a workers breakdown of the decadent Imperial system, while those on the Right argued that it was an insurrection that needed to be brought to heel by force of arms as quickly as possible. With memories of the Easter Uprising of 1916, The Irish Civil War of 1922-23 and of course The Great War the majority of the Empire’s citizens were willing to allow the Crown’s diplomatic attempts time to work. Behind the scenes of the Crown’s response, King Edward and Prince Albert began working on a plan to prevent just such an occurrence from happening to the other Dominions, a plan that if successful would change the Empire and possibly the world.
Just as feelings began to calm after the
Irish Defection, London’s
Daily Telegraph newspaper carried a front-page headline on June 14 announcing that Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, had been found to be in league with a Communist spy cell that contained rival newspaper,
The Times, editor George Dawson. The report talked of a vast Communist conspiracy stretching through the Government, the press, academia and society itself. The resulting outcry was quite damaging, spreading a
“Red Scare” throughout Britain and the Empire itself. The initial damage of the report was a sharp downturn in confidence of the Government, a significant drop in respect and credibility for
The Times, and an increased awareness of the growing numbers of the Communist Party of England,
EWUP, and the
WE. For many days there was a tension throughout England that was simply a powder keg waiting for a match. Despite the best efforts of the Home Office, many members of Parliament, and the King, tensions remained high and on the early morning hours of June 18, the same time that riots began in Belgium, a group of English Workers Union Party members clashed with a members of a royalist party in the city of Birmingham. The rioting soon escalated beyond the means of the local police to contain and The Home Office was forced to send in troops to assist in sanitizing the city. The result was far from peaceful, but luckily there were few fatalities and the city was brought under control with the troops leaving with two days. Following the riots, a sense of release spread throughout the nation and while feelings were still tense, tempers were calmed to a certain degree. Soon after the riots, the accusations in the press and in Parliament began to fly and there were many calls for Chamberlain and Dawson to be prosecuted under the
Official Secrets Act of 1911 and punished under the harshest of the Acts’ penalties namely death by hanging, as well as prosecution of the
EWUP leadership for causing the riots. Again going against the wishes of many of his supporters, King Edward directed Home Secretary Simon to have Chancellor Chamberlain and Dawson prosecuted under the Act, but directed that the death penalty not be sought and that the
EWUP leaders and members were only to be prosecuted if there was sufficient evidence to support their prosecution. At the same time, the King began a speaking tour of the nation, speaking in person in many cities and towns and over the radio nightly for serveral weeks. Due to the King's natural wit, charm and believability he was able to help restore the confidence of the Crown’s subjects, while at the same time gaining even a greater amount of animosity from the members of the various Communist groups in existence within England.
The King meeting subjects in the Midlands
The King addresses the Empire by radio
This growing animosity would in time become a catalyst for monumental decisions and actions with the British Empire, occurrences that would have reverberating effects throughout the Western democracies as well as the rest of the world.