Home Trending Latest threads New posts Developer diaries

[Forum Game] World in Revolution: 1920

Jump to latest Follow Reply
  • We have updated our Community Code of Conduct. Please read through the new rules for the forum that are an integral part of Paradox Interactive’s User Agreement.
Show only dev responses
deutschland_i3.png

State visit in the Kingdom of Belgium​


​
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlenmen, Your royal majesty,

let me begin by thanking you for the chance and your patience to have me here today. For centuries, your country, then sadly just a geographic region, has been nothing more than a prize waiting to be snatched by any outside power longing for your riches and ignorant of your people. Be they German, Spanish, Dutch or French, Belgium had to endure foreign reign for the benefit of distant tyrants for more than a millenia. When Belgium became an independent realm in 1830 it still was not secure, its independence called into question until 1839 and even then your neighbors had designed on you.

Coming from a country that had but the latest try on your souvereignity, ignoring both it but also your desired neutrality just because of some ill-designed stratagems and blunt lust for power I hope to go for something that has been long overdue. I have come today, as the souvereign head of the German people to ask, to but ask you for forgivness for these crimes. I fully understand if you deem them unforgivable, just like the Italians and French wish to enslave Germany forever out of mistrust. But forever is quite a long time. If there are feelings that these stances are unfair towards Germany and the German Federation and the German people we are still quite aware that they may be unfair from everyone else but you. Among all countries falling victim to the emperor's feeble designs Belgium and Luxemburg stand above. For the crime can't and will not be denied.

I ask for quite much and I here the President gets down on his knees in front of the public am aware I am asking that much but we are willing to awnser for this crime towards Belgium and take every step necessary to earn this forgivness we wish for. And if you might see a way we might go on in this world as neighbors working together to bring prosperity and peace to us both we hope for a simple sign. And with that the German Federation will apply for the League of Nations but we will only join if the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg will support this step as we feel that we should only be recognized as other nations if those we truly and undeniable did wrong may see a chance for us to once right that wrong.

This is, what I ask for you, in the name of my country and my people, in the name of the German Nation. It is an honor for me to be here. Thank you.

Otto Braun, President of the German Federation
 
For clarification the Kingdom of Greece would like to announce that, while we have applied to join the Eastern Entente, we do not agree with the current proposal of the treaty of Lódz and do not plan on endorsing or signing it should our petition be approved, as we believe it may threaten our sovereignity as an independent nation and prove harmful during the present crisis.
 
​
National Party of Chile​

People of Chile.
After the disaster happened off the coast of Panama, a long deliberation in government took place last night.
And I say disaster while is not the same as defeat, because we have not been defeated. We have shown the world the firm determination of our people to fight in all fields and in all aspects the bloody disease that is communism. After long and extensive discussions with the Brazilian government, we have addressed this issue and ensured that cancer is not such an encysted in the social fabric of our neighbors to later become an infection that spread to our very homes.
We have complete confidence that President Vargas will make every effort to protect his people from this threat, as well as certain guarantees that have been negotiated between the two governments.

However, it is with great regret to me that I have a duty to report that such a victory that certainly puts except the future of our people has had a terrible cost in human lives.

Our army, the pride of this nation, has suffered a total defeat at the hands of supposedly neutral vessels United States of America. These vessels, blocking the passage to our fleet, proceeded to open fire on our unsuspecting sailors. Such a treacherous act that blatantly violates every one of the claims that this nation have done in the past about his supposed neutrality only serves to one purpose: To show the world what kind of nation the United States are.

Because this is not the first time that the United States provides weapons, ammunition, supplies and war machines to the enemies of Chile. We now see that the real intention of this nation of thieves and cowboys is to make fellow nations fight against each other all over South America while they reap the benefits and claim the results of our hard-won work. And now we even have to endure the catastrophic mismanagement that results from the pure greed that direct the American nation and see how our money devalues each day passing and our people lost their jobs.
Therefore, despite the devastating loss of lives and ships, we rise victorious but not unscathed. With the death of our brave sailors, Chile has learned a valuable lesson we will never forget. After getting rid of the yoke of monarchy, we have always been taught that there were only two alternatives: Communism and Democracy. Chaos and Freedom.

Or at least that's what we had been led to believe all along. However, we have seen that actually the so-called “democracy” championed by the United States is nothing more than a rotten system designed to fill the belly of the wealthy and control the people they consider inferior. People like us.

We choose neither of them. For there is another alternative, one that have seen recently the light in the far fields and cities of Europe. A Third Way. A way to make us stronger to get rid of this invisible tyranny we are suffering from the North.
For all of this, the National Party and the government are going to be renovated and I announce that peace with Brazil is a certain fact from this very moment.
I also wish to announce that as commander-in-chief of this nation and tasked with her protection, it is my duty to resign from my office due to my responsibility for it was I who sent those men to a war from they never came back and misguidedly trusted the United States.

May God receive the souls of those who have fallen fighting for their country.


::Chilean-Brazilian 1929 Armistice::
[x] President Getúlio Vargas on behalf of Brazil.
[x] President Luís Altamirano on behalf of Chile.​
Click to expand...

-President Luís Altamirano.​
 
Last edited:
640px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png

The British Empire​

It is with the signing of this treaty that the United Kingdom and the German Federation take the first steps in building relations and trust. It has been a long time since our two people's seen eye to eye. Too long. Yet it is clear the Germans now seek to head in a different direction and are willing to once again become a productive and peaceful member of the international community. Their intentions to meet with their neighbours has is welcomed and we ourselves are more than happy to host the German chancellor. And it is with great pleasure that I add my signature to this treaty.

British-German Treaty of Commercial Cooperation

[X] Prime Minister Chamberlain
 
Last edited:
GM Note: ALL orders not in by Thursday morning before noon EST will be ignored. Get them in.
 
HP8h87j.png

République Française
French Republic

La Marseillaise


On Germany

In the aftermath of the French legislative elections, the German government put forward a proposal that was viewed as unacceptable by the services of the Quai d'Orsay. After long discussions, within France but also with our partners and allies, we have decided to reject the current proposal. It is far too brutal, and is viewed as insulting by a large portion of the French population. A German rearmament would threaten European stability, and Europe is already troubled enough, according to France. The current situation in the Rhineland is acceptable to the French, and we don't see it as a negative factor for our economy. The idea of stopping reparations is a dire thought, and France opposes it entirely. The talk of 'French blackmailing' is equally insulting and truly, the German chancellor should watch his tongue, for these aren't proper diplomatic terms. France has never threatened Germany, and there is no evidence to back up the claim of the Chancellor. We would like to remind him that if one is asking for leniency or for a gesture of goodwill, insulting the one who's asked isn't a wise choice, nor an easy way to get him to comply.
The proposed customs union is an utopian plan, and while France doesn't entirely reject it, it seems to us like an impractical proposal, that would lead to more and more troubles inside our countries. Nationalists on each side - including a very large part of the French governmental coalition - don't wish to sign this pact, as they see it as a subordination to the other power.

But these disagreements don't mean France is refusing to cooperate with Germany, quite the contrary. We have another proposal, that should be agreeable by all parties and seems to us like a more reasonable one.

* Germany will be allowed to expand its army to a maximum of 150.000 men so as to fend off any attempt of putsch against it and to fight against paramilitary organizations.
* Germany, being able to defend itself with its larger standing army, will abolish all paramilitary organizations on its territory.
* Germany will be allowed to own 60 military planes. These planes will be used for reconnaissance only and therefore won't be armed. Anti-air guns, offensive planes and anti-tank weapons will remain forbidden. The factories producing these planes won't be able to produce more than 10 new ones monthly.
* Should Germany ever be at war and thus need anti-air and anti-tank guns, France agrees to reconsider the situation at that time. But in the meantime, as Germany has no need for anti-air and anti-tank guns to avoid a coup, Germany will continue to comply to these specific articles of the Versailles treaty.
* The French army will evacuate the Rhineland, on condition that an agreement with the government of the United States considering French war debt is reached. The Rhineland will remain demilitarized, should this evacuation happen.
* Reparations will continue. The current amount of reparations is bearable for the Germans, and a cessation of payment would set a troublesome precedent.
* New efforts will be undertaken so as to limit trade restrictions between European countries and to ease merchandises transportation in Europe. Tariffs will remain set by each sovereign government.

This might not be what the German government had expected, but this seems like a decent middle-ground to the French government. France also favourably considers the German request to join the League of Nations.

Frédéric François-Marsal, President of the Council of the French Republic
​
 
Last edited:
500px-Flag_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png


Československá republika​


On the Treaty of Łódź​

After careful consideration the Republic of Czechoslovakia has decided to affix its signature on the Treaty of Łódź. We must however voice our concerns over the fact that nations which have originally joined the Eastern Entente by signing the Treaty of Krakow have not signed this document. It is the Czechoslovak opinion that treaties like this should be signed by all those who have acceded to the Eastern Entente in the first place, in order to prevent discrepancies and disharmony among our noble alliance.

[X] Edvard Beneš, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia


On the economic mission of Monsieur President Gaston Doumergue of the French Republic to the Czechoslovak Republic​

The French and Czechoslovak peoples enjoy a long and fruitful common relationship. The Czechoslovak and French people have stood up against tyranny, and defended democracy and the rights of man. This did not only happen during the Great War, which ended in the long oppressed Czechoslovaks finally gaining their freedom of self-determination, but also in our common fight against those who tried to impose this tyrannical rule back upon us. The sacrifices of the French and Czechoslovak people have been high, both during the Great War and after it. But we are certain that the values, the values of democracy, we stand for can and will prevail. The values of the French Republic, Liberté, égalité, fraternité, are something the French can be proud of. And every Czechoslovak and Frenchman can be sure that we will work further to keep up these Republican values shared by our two nations and people.

We share the common interest of developing our economical ties, especially after the recent events which have shaken the basis of the world economy and created a dark cloud of uncertainty over our markets. In order to prevail, we must co-operate more than before. I believe that the recent industrial and technological advancements achieved both in France and Czechoslovakia will help us overcome these troubled times. The Czechoslovak people thank the French scientists, industrialists, technicians and engineers who have helped us build our industry, and most recently helped us with the construction of our finest project, the hydroelectric dams on the Vltava river. It is one of the sites which will be visited by the French-Czechoslovak commission in the comic week, and we are proud to announce that the most recently finished dam shall be named in honor of the Czechoslovak-French relations as the Fraternité Dam

The Czechoslovak Republic reiterates its support for the diplomatic policies pursued by the French Republic. Through excellent diplomacy the French have been able to prevent numerous bloodshed and wars, and we firmly believe that the French will continue their firm support for the Eastern Entente. Together we have helped save the Hungarians from their chains of oppression. And now, most recently, the French diplomats have been able to prevent a dangerous escalation in the Balkans with their skillful counter-proposal. The Czechoslovak Republic also voices support for the recent French proposal on the case of Germany. We believe that these terms are fair considering the events which led to and happened during the Great War. We however understand the German stance, and believe that the German Federation can also show to be a similar beacon of democracy.

Monsieur Doumergue! I am proud to stand on the balcony of the Prague Castle. This building is one of the most important signs of Czechoslovak history, of Czechoslovak pride. The history of this castle stretches back centuries to the proud times of the Kings of Bohemia. It is my belief that our nation has finally achieved its lost glory it had during those years. And for this we must thank the French, who have through centuries supported the Czechoslovak struggle to reclaim their self-determination. I promise you, Monsieur, that you will see the most beautiful and most advanced parts of our country during your stay. From the modern factories of Skoda to the bridges of Prague, from the snow-peaked mountains to the beautiful valleys of Vltava!

~ Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia

T._G._Masaryk_Signature.svg


To His Majesty, Faysal bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi, King of Greater Syria​

Your Majesty!

The Czechoslovaks and Syrian Arabs share a common unifying factor. Both our peoples have only recently gained back their self-determination and independence. The proud Arabs can finally rejoice as their nation has been freed from a foreign tyranny. We Czechoslovaks recognize the status of Syria as the cradle of our human civilization. Proud empires have stretched over the fertile lands of Syria long before there was any kind of settlements in the lands of Czechoslovakia. Cities such as Aleppo and Damascus have been inhabited continuously through thousands and thousands of years. The cultural and historical tradition of Syria is however too unknown in the West and in Czechoslovakia. Thus, on the behalf of Czechoslovakia, I kindly ask Your Majesty to consider my proposal. The University of Prague would send its archaeologists to study the history of Syria, especially the sites of Ugarit, the old cities of Damascus and Aleppo, and the sites along the Orontes river. All further finds would be established in a new museum in Damascus, and the University of Prague would have the right of purchase lesser discoveries to be put on display in the Czech Museum of Archaeology. In return, the Czechoslovak government would be happy to send its engineers and educated specialists to Syria, to help modernize the beautiful nation to which all peoples of the world owe so much.

Peace be upon You.

~ Edvard Beneš, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia


 
The President's Economic Missions - Poland​

The meeting with the Czechoslovaks had been a pleasure, and Doumergue had been amazed to see Prague. Maybe Paris didn't deserve its title of most beautiful city of the world after all. ((That is the viewpoint of the writer)) Prague had huge tourist potential too, but Doumergue had truly enjoyed the tour. The Fraternité Dam was impressive, quite similar to the Éguzon dam, but smaller. Perhaps more importantly, Skoda and Peugeot signed a strategical partnership, which could only lead to good things for France. Knowing that Czechoslovakia was signing the Łódź treaty was important, and Doumergue was glad Masaryk told him about it. When he reached Poland, he had thus all the information he needed. His first speech was delivered in Krakow.


HP8h87j.png

République Française
French Republic

La Marseillaise


Poles, friends

Are there other nations that share a similar history of friendship? I doubt it. During the XVIth century, France and Poland became allied. The visionary Henri III who ended the Wars of Religion, was first King of Poland. From that tie onwards, we have been close friends. Poland could count on French support, as it was surrounded by hostile empires, who often didn't share its religion. Jean III Sobieski was a great man, and a man who knew an alliance with France would benfit Poland, that's why he married a French princess. When these dreadful empires were putting pressure on Poland, Polish rulers knew they could count on France. Many of them ended their lives in France, for France had Polish interests in mind. Louis XV married a Polish princess and tried his best to free Poland from the shackles of oppression the German and Russian princes had forced upon Poland. But he didn't manage to do it, and a German took over Poland. Still, France was true to its ally and offered him a Duchy, a Duchy that would make all of Europe proud, proof that even in Lorraine - French land - Polish culture would bloom.
Even the weak Louis XVI tried to save Poland during the war of the Bar Confederation. But he failed, just like his regime had failed France. Republics blossomed in the two nations, with Kosciusko and the Bastille. Poland was beaten, but then the revolutionary armies of France came to revive it, and Poland was France's most trusted ally for years. Until the forces of reaction triumphed over France, destroying Poland at the same time. During the Great War, France sought to free Poland and thousands of Poles fought for the French army. During the war with the Soviets, France gave you the weapons you needed to save your country. Truly, we are long-time friends and allies, and it is my wish to see it continue.

Thousands of Poles lives in France, and have made France greater than it was before. That is the proof that our cooperation is fruitful. Even if the Łódź treaty is applied, I assume France will still be able to continue its positive economic relations with the Eastern Entente. The eastern Entente is a wonderful organization, but some people in France want me to ask this confirmation. I'm certain this treaty won't hurt France, but some conservatives don't always share my views. When the Soviets came, we helped you. Should you need us once more, we will come to defend you once more, because we remain true to our alliances. So I ask you: don't make us leave Eastern Europe and the Eastern Entente: we'd all lose.
This little point dealt with, I wish to tell you my admiration for the Polish people, that survived through more than a century of oppression, and that never gave up, that only tried to achieve independence. The Eastern Entente is guaranteeing freedom and democracy where slightly more than a decade ago, there was only oppression. This great organization came to life thanks to Poland, and I would thus like to give you my congratulations, for it isn't a small achievement. Moreover, you reformed your state to make it truly democratic, and I'm glad to see you understand the value of democracy, and how it's superior to oppressive regimes.

And thus, if France and Poland will continue their good trade relations, I think further cooperation should be achieved. Ties between universities should be encouraged, between businesses as well. Many industrialists have come with me, and they wish to sign contracts with their Polish counterparts. This will be good for Poland and France, and I think us politicians should encourage such endeavours. We could also see more cooperation on the scientific field, our radio systems could become more efficient if we join arms.

Lastly, I would like to take time to tour your beautiful nation. Krakow already seems like a beautiful city, but I'm sure you have hidden treasures you want to show me.

Gaston Doumergue , President of the French Republic
​
 
Last edited:
407px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Interwar_Poland.svg.png


The Second Polish Republic​


The brotherhood of the French and Polish people is certainly long and storied. Both our peoples have long believed in liberty and freedom. Our peoples are connected by bonds of faith and brotherhood as well, long may these ties stand!

The Eastern Entente, in my belief, strives for the highest of the goals of humanity, peace and prosperity among our brothers and the absence of conflict. It is my firm belief that the Treaty of Łódź will guarantee and enshrine this prosperity as past differences are washed away and a new spirit of cooperation born! The integration of our economies and the streamlining of trade will ensure the continued prosperity of our peoples and hence the ability to safeguard our new-found freedoms and nations. On the concern that the Treaty of Łódź will cause a change in the relationship with France, it is a reaffirmation of the Treaty of Krakow, which set tariffs between the Eastern Entente and France, which would remain unchanged.

For it was once, that the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and Kingdom of Poland that saved Europe from the Turk as our brave hussars rode to the defense of Vienna against the Turk in 1683, and once again through cooperation with our dear friends and allies that the freedoms of Europe were defended against the Bolshevik just a few short years ago. These recurrent scourges that have long plagued the peoples of Eastern Europe, as we divided our strengths and bickered our enemies were able to undue and conquer our people. But now we stand more united than ever, may the yoke of oppression by the forces of Empire and radicalism (Bolshevism) be forever cast off. May the nations of Eastern Europe stand strong and united against these threats!

As alluded to earlier, in this modern era, cooperation with our allies and friends is paramount. The opportunity to cooperate in these many and diverse areas of business and academia will surely bare fruits far beyond what could be attained through individual effort. Furthermore, I agree that cooperation in the realm of radio would suit our nations well. In regards to tourism, Poland has many beautiful and storied cities to visit from Warsaw to Kraków to Lwów to Łódź to Poznań to Lublin and Wilno. There are also the Carpathians to visit Mount Rysy and to the East to visit Lake Narach.

~Stanisław Wojciechowski, President of the Second Polish Republic
 
In the last weeks of 1928 the National Revolutionary Army of Chiang Kai-shek advances through the Chinese countryside. Despite the light snow in the last few weeks of November and early December the Generalissimo pushes his forces forward, not allowing the disorganized Qing army before him to regroup. Beijing is now within a few weeks, or perhaps a couple of months at most, away, but there is another threat to the remnants of the Qing government - the Manchurian Red Army advances on the capital from Shenyang.

Recognizing the desperate position of the Qing forces and the threat posed to them by the Red Army's advance Zhang Xueliang meets with Chiang Kai-shek at Jinan in the first week of February. The two men come to an agreement that they hope will end the Civil War and will restore order to China.


Agreement on National Unity

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the National Republican Army, Major General Zhang Xueliang and former Interim Prime Minister Zhang Xueming, recognizing the importance of national unity to the future of the Chinese Nation and having come to an agreement to end the ongoing violence in the country, agree to enforce the following Articles:

Article the First

The only Chinese State is the Republic of China, established in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and governing all of China. The only government of China is that of the Republic of China. Until the adoption of a new Constitution the governing document of the Republic of China is the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China adopted in 1912 and amended by the Organic Laws passed by the National Parliament in 1928.

Article the Second

As per his abdication in 1912 Aisin-Gioro Puyi is a private citizen of the Republic of China. He may continue to use the title Xuantong Emperor in recognition of his past role in Chinese history, though he will remove himself from the public sphere. Aisin-Gioro Puyi will not be persecuted for his actions against the Republic of China since his abdication and until the present, but in the future he will confine himself to the Summer Palace in Beijing.

Article the Third

The elections held in China in 1928 are valid. All lawfully elected representatives of the people may take their seats at the Parliament in Nanjing. Representatives illegally appointed to fill the seats allotted to regions where elections could not take place are not recognized as members of the Parliament. Elections will take place in all regions as soon as it is possible.

The China Youth Party and the Constitutional Progressive Party are allowed to continue their operations in all of China without oppression or harassment, provided they accept the conditions of this Agreement. Members of these parties will not face political repressions for their actions against the Republic of China as long as these actions do not continue past the present.

Former members of the Fengtian clique will not face criminal prosecution for their actions against the Republic of China. Zhang Xueming, Zhang Xueliang, Zheng Xiaoxu, Zhang Zongchang, and other senior members of the Fengtian clique as determined by the Judiciary of the Republic of China with all due process, will be prohibited from political activity for at least five years and until such a time as their loyalty to the Republic of China is fully demonstrated.

The Manchu people are citizens of the Republic of China and their rights are protected under the Provisional Constitution. Furthermore, this Agreement will serve to guarantee the rights of the Manchu people and their freedom from any repressions.

Article the Fourth

All hostilities between the National Republican Army and the forces of Major General Zhang Xueliang are ended. Zhang Xueliang and senior officers of his forces will become prisoners of the National Republican Army and their safety and proper treatment is guaranteed by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek.

Other members of Major General Zhang Xueliang’s forces will surrender themselves to units of the National Republican Army. Upon this surrender and the subsequent disarmament of these forces the former soldiers and officers will continue to receive their pay and provisions until such a time as they are formerly incorporated into the units of the National Republican Army or are demobilized.

The former soldiers and officers will face no repressions or prosecution for the actions taken in the normal course of warfare against the units of the National Republican Army.

Article the Fifth

This Agreement forms the foundation for Chinese National Unity. The provisions of the Agreement are made by Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Xueliang and Zhang Xueming in earnest and with the goal of bringing peace to China. These provisions are binding upon those present and upon those who are represented by them.

Done at Jinan on the 25 February 1929.

[X] Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek
[X] Major General Zhang Xueliang
[X] Zhang Xueming
 
Last edited:
Events of the World: 1929​


Europe

In the United Kingdom, the government attempts to reach out to several large businesses, and several banks in London, but animosity and strife are the main points of the meetings, as the government proposes sweeping new changes and regulations against the businesses. The meeting is cut short after dire news came from across the waves. The collapse of the stock market in the spring and fall of the year was sending ripples through the economic system. The crippling blow came when the Bank of England announced that it could no longer pay their obligations. This failure crushed the British banking establishment, as more and more banks failed. Factories closed and unemployment sharply rose, producing a crisis even worse than the one that was already seething behind the scenes.

In response to the extent of the crisis unfolding, the government announced that they would be commencing construction of several new ships for the Royal Navy. This plan was to use large amounts of steel and men to attempt to respond to the unemployment rate which was skyrocketing across the country. As thousands were hired, the expenses began to mount. The Labour Party strongly supported this move, and the bills did not have trouble being passed. Debt increased by an exponential rate, but new ships, new crews, and new training was given. They were expected to be put to sea in a few years, but such a massive project could not be sustainable in the long run.

Alongside the ship building programme, the government begins a large scale operation to build motorways around the country in order to get more people back to work in the countryside, as opposed to the men who are working on the ships along the coastal cities. While many Britons didn't own a vehicle, the project was said to be an investment into the future of the country. Many people were critical of the idea, but it got people back to work, and that was the most important thing for many people.

As news of the stock market downturn arrived in France, very few people thought much would come of it. Nevertheless, the Bank of France and the National Credit began to issue loans to areas of France that were devastated by Germany in the Great War. The news from across the channel was less than encouraging. With the Bank of England under, and the outlook grim, the French banking system was less than stable . Loans were still issued, but there was a great fear of a sudden collapse like in England. Unemployed men were put back to work, and several mines opened up, with several economists saying that France might be spared the worst of the downturn.

These assertions were not true, unfortunately. The government, responding to the actions taken by the United States, raises their own tariffs as retaliation against their protectionist policy. The move was followed by the exacerbated British government following suit, opting to turn inward and aggressively promote the "Buy Empire" campaign. The move by these three governments would prove to be disastrous for world trade, which saw a sharp decline. Other nations were forced to hike their own tariffs as well. The most surprising hit was the Soviet Union, which saw trade with Italy and Danzig collapse, which was a large portion of their external trade.

Ireland sells off the tractor factory that was created in the previous year, and the move helped to ease some of the strain on the budget, but the factory soon had troubles after this, and secret funds were channeled to it by the government to show that free enterprise worked in Ireland. This worked, as some other small businesses opened, but closed within a few months.

Noting both the downturn and the British shipbuilding program, plans for the French Navy are quickly passed. Many of the Cruisers owned by the Navy were old, some even built 50 years ago. The Suffren class of Cruisers was laid down during the summer of 1929, with the plans for them being finished a few months prior. They were to be fast, agile ships, and be able to withstand the blows of many shells if they were to hit the deck. While these were heavily endowed ships, another series of lighter, less armed ships were ordered as well. Hundreds of men across France’s dockyards began to labour on these new ships, hoping to be the pride of the French Navy.

In a bid to decrease the amount of government bloat, pensions, which had before been separated by job type and given their own governmental office, are centralised by one office, allowing the state to ensure everyone gets a fair pension, no matter where they worked. The move is very popular with the people, with the minor exception of many disgruntled government workers who had to join the growing ranks of the unemployed across France.

On a more minor note, the French air force is reorganised, with several of their older planes being phased out, and mostly all of them being replace with the Breguet 27 aircraft. While production was slated to start this year, it was put off until next year.

800px-Breguet_274.jpg

A Breguet Aircraft of the French Air Force.​

Spurned by the sluggish Dutch economy of recent years, as well as the worrying news from the United Kingdom and the United States, taxes are lowered by marginal amounts in order to try and encourage investment into the economy. This effort’s intended effect was crushed when a string of bank failures eroded the public confidence in the Dutch economy, and several bank runs, the first in Europe, occurred. Only two weeks after this one, several runs took place in the United Kingdom, and soon they spread across Europe, shuttering the already fragile banking system.

Despite this uncertainty in the economic standpoint, the Dutch government knows that, should it come to it, extreme actions would have to be taken. Riots break out in Amsterdam when newspapers have headlines blazed with sensational stories about the planned military occupation of the country, and the erosion of the liberties all Dutchmen enjoy. The situation is defused after several newspapers were able to explain that the program, which was nothing more than to help modernise and expand the Dutch army, was benign. Protests stopped, but the tensions due to the rapidly deteriorating economic conditions ran high.

Leading economists around the world are invited to Spain, who decide, being Spain, that they would not show up at all, instead meeting in France, to discuss the trying matters that faced the world’s economies. The Spanish government, undeterred, sends representatives to France who begin to pass out copies of the Spanish budget and ask for recommendations. Unsurprisingly, no one bothered to offer them any advice, so some was made up, including giving representatives sent abroad more pay, and the measure was adopted.

For a paradoxical “cost cutting” measure, the Spanish Army is sent out to begin to build new roads, which involved ripping up old ones and replacing them with better tools. Instead of hiring engineers and contractors who knew how to design and build roads, the Army is used, which entails a higher wage, as well as hands-on training to build these roads. Such a massive amount of money is spent, many agree it would have been less expensive to hire road workers from the United States to build them, and it would be a higher quality.

The television, which involved the receiving of a moving picture and sound, was gaining some traction in Germany. Several wealthy men, who were rather unaffected by the economic misfortunes, began to invest into the idea of creating some sort of television factory. Wildly expensive, and half the time not working, a total of two hundred televisions were produced and sold in Germany during the year, while the Deutscher Fernseh-Rundfunk was formed.

Despite misgivings from the Great War, Germany was able to convince both Belgium and Luxembourg to support their own bid to join the League of Nations. The move was strongly opposed by Poland, but by a very close vote, the German Federation ascended into the League, with that being the only noteworthy accomplishment of the year, as it was helpless to do anything about the crisis dealing with Bulgaria.

The Treaty of Łódź comes into effect in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Danzig. The treaty itself was filled with many unusual aspects, which seemed to have been derived by radical theorists in the backroom, who envisioned a radical liberal view of the world. The most amazing concept was the ascension of Yugoslavia and Hungary to the treaty. Hungary, devastated but rebuilding, saw a marked drop in their own economic activity, as the lack of tariffs destroyed any of their own industrial manufacturing, as less expensive Polish and Czech goods flooded their own markets. Many of these goods left unpurchased as jobs dried up, and unemployment rose. Farmers began to sell their own crops to the Czechs, but were undermined by much more efficient, and much more productive, Polish farms. With Hungary entering a deep recession, Yugoslavia felt the worst blow of all. A partnership with France, which involved massive investments into Industry, were stripped away by this new “common market”. Like in Hungary, but on a much larger scale, industries began to fail as cheap Polish goods could be imported, and far superior goods from Czechoslovakia purchased. Yugoslavia entered a depression, as many farmers had to live with subsistence, and, when they could afford it, a communal tractor bought from Poland. The main benefactor of the treaty was Poland, which had access to massive new markets. Exports sharply increased, and the creation of massive steel and aluminium mills were started, all run on electricity. Czechoslovakia’s economy benefited, but not as much as Poland’s, and it soon became clear that Poland was very much a major economic, military, and political power, wielding the nominal control of Eastern Europe under her own aegis.

The railroads of Italy, known for being woefully inefficient and late, were slated for their own series of upgrades and fixes during the year. In several bills “passed” through the parliament, Mussolini, who had taken to calling himself Il Duce, brought a reasonable time line of three months to get the entire system running efficiency, and to be ready to accommodate new expansions. Upon his trip to Rome from northern Italy, several station masters knew that the trains must run on time, lest they lose their jobs, or worse. The project was hailed as a huge success, and the trains ran on time across the nation, for fear of what the government would do if they didn’t.

The Lateran Pacts of 1929 were signed between Mussolini’s government and the Holy See, resolving the long standing issue of the “imprisonment” of the Pope since the annexation of the Papal States by the Italian armies in the mid 19th Century. This treaty established the Vatican City, and bilateral relations between it and Italy. There were several stipulations, however, where the Vatican would not intervene in Italian affairs, and vice versa. An indemnity payment to the Holy See for the land annexed was agreed upon, and Pope Pius XI, when the agreements went into effect, emerges from the Apostolic Palace and enters Saint Peter's Square, in an event witnessed by thousands upon thousands of people, ending the self-imposed “Prisoner of the Vatican”.

Recruitment begins across Italy, targeting anyone that may be unemployed at the time, or who was simply not working but still of fit military age. Almost one hundred thousand men were brought into the Army, with many of them being sent North to West Austria, where many guarded the German-Austrian and Austrian-Austrian border, allowing the West Austrian army to garrison the interior.

800px-Vlora_zur_Zeit_der_italienischen_Besatzung_1916-1920.jpg

An Italian recruiting centre in Albania.​

A half-hearted attempt to strike at the chronic backwardness of southern Italy yields minor success, as a large steel mill in Naples is erected, that is able to have access to goods from both Italy, and suppliers in South America. While the government had only made plans to create a single mill, there were enough positive reports that showed that, if done properly, this could be extended across the region.

The Austrian government, looking to support industrial pioneers across the country, begins to release funds for Austrian businesses to expand, and invest in new ideas and inventions. The program was stopped when the information that the government was funding Ferdinand Porsche, who was living in Stuttgart, Germany. The Porsche Automobile Company was formed using Austrian funds, and soon began production.

With the full support of the President and the Chancellor, the Korne Bill is able to get passed, heralding in a new currency for East Austria. This was able to ensure that the country was able to finally have a stable and good currency. This change was able to float the various banks in Vienna, which were beginning to experience trouble. It was uncertain that this would continue through the next year.

With the Czechoslovak economy now more integrated into Poland's and the Eastern Entente, the goal of increased French investment and cooperation falter, as it is far more profitable to do business with the other nations in the economic and political bloc. French investors, seeing that they would never get a return on their investments, forgo any ideas of opening shops or factories. Political relations, however, were at an all time high between the two governments.

With the disastrous effects of the Treaty of Łódź hitting the country, the government instead decides to ensure that this condition would become permanent. The Secretariat of the Eastern Entente, an office that would coordinate the alliance, was slated to have their office in Budapest. New architecture plans for this office were used, and it slowly, but surely, arose in the city, which began to look more and more modern.

In response to the extent of the new tariffs placed on American goods, the Swedish government moves to place similar tariffs on their own products. The move was a temporary solution to the deteriorating economic conditions around the world, but growth was still logged, and many felt that the trade with Germany was boosting their bottom line.

The Swedish Air Force, separate from the Army, was formed in Stockholm amidst great fanfare. This was the sign that the Swedish military favoured a professional air force over simply being an attachment to the army. Their stated goal was complete domination of the Baltic Sea, and several aircraft, capable of dropping torpedoes into the water were purchased. Their first test run was a great success, sinking the target with one hit. This caused great concern in the Soviet Union, which had expected to very easily hold dominance of the Baltic Sea.

In the Soviet Union, continued implementation of the Five Year Plan continues as scheduled. The primary focus is placed on the expansion of electricity to the various cities around the Soviet Union. Kiev, Rostov, Moscow, Stalingrad, Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Minsk, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, and Novosibirsk are the cities first slated for this expansion, as massive amounts of money is spent on the gathering of both men and material, several factories simply rise from the outskirts of the cities, producing large amounts of copper wire and steel frames, for high-tension wire frames. Construction of hydroelectric dams, along with the wires to bring this to the cities, continues through the year, and electric trolleys become a common method of inter-city transportation, with thousands of Soviets catching a quick ride to their job each morning. At the same time, electricity was extended to the Trans-Siberian Railway, which would take a long time to complete, but the Moscow-Omsk section of rail was deemed by Stalin to be completed "within the year", and though there were a few hundred deaths reported from its construction, the entire section was buzzing with electric power, allowing for rapid transportation.

SzyXGfn.jpg

A worker outside a steel plant in the Soviet Union.​

With modernity coming to the Soviet Union, the same could not be said for Russia's decaying postal system. With little improvement done on it since the fall of the Tsarist Empire, it was very often that hand-written letters would never get to their destination, with telegraphs being a far more reliable method of communication. In a bid to streamline and "modernise" the country, several high-level government officials announced the complete abolition of "Capitalist written post", and instead opted for the entire country to subscribe to the telegraph, and in certain cities, the telephone network. Money was poured into this project, with the most absurd of which was reached all the way in Siberia, where some villages, only just hearing of the Tsar's fall, were told their post office was abolished, and left them with a telegraph machine to figure out to communicate with the rest of the world. A heavy storm rolled through the town, and cut the wire, and a written letter was sent west, causing the Red Army to come into the area, and arrest all the "counter-revolutionaries", many of whom were over the age of sixty. Only three survived the trip to a prison further east in Siberia, and they were not released until a directive by Stalin ordered their release. Postal service was decriminalised, but many began to work out how to use a telegraph out of sheer fear.

Collectivisation continues in the Soviet Union, with more and more farms being added each year, as the government shows their willingness to work with the people to provide them with the tools and items needed for an easy transition. While they were no where near as efficient as independent farms, they were becoming rarer and rarer, as many simply couldn't sustain operations with all the preference towards the state-run farms. There was no violence carried out against the independent farmers, but they began to suffer severe economic hardships, and many choose a collective farm over starving to death. Nevertheless, life on the collective was worse at times, as the amount of farmers joining them was far more than what the government expected, meaning shortages of food and tools all around. Only the recent treaty with Romania was able to stop the Soviet Union from advancing into a severe famine, but conditions in the RSFSR were bad.

Middle East, the Mediterranean, & Central Asia

With the French entourage leaving Yugoslavia, several contracts were able to be enacted, and while they showed minor chances of helping the nation, the damage done by the economic downturn, as well as the country’s new ties with Poland, made this seem unlikely.

The Treaty of Chisinau is signed between the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of Romania, opening up Romania's grain markets to the Soviets. Trade between the two nations explodes, with hundreds of tons of food shipped to the East. Famine conditions drop in the Ukraine, as the government begins to hand out food to the population. Priority is given to the cities, which had been severely hit by the famine. This trade had the potential to link together the two economics, as the export of Soviet tractors was beginning to be floated in various channels, but some French contracts were also suggested, leaving it up to the Romanian parliament, which would act as the extension of the recently passed Agrarian Development Act of 1929, which provided funding for farmers to produce crops for the USSR.

In agreement with the French terms, the sole torpedo boat on the Danube was sold by the Bulgarian government to the French, who scrapped it, and some farming equipment was imported into the country. While it wasn't much, it did help the productivity of the few farms that they were given to. It was most insignificant, but it was far better than the war that was looming as a result of it.

The small uptick in productivity was noted, and the tractors received from France were quickly seized, inspected, and given back, but not before complete diagrams of their construction were made. Small factories, which had been focused on arming the country's armed forces, were retooled to produce tractors for Bulgarian farmers. The measure was expensive, but the move was generally supported by the agrarians, who welcomed mechanisation as a way for the average Bulgarian farmer to become more wealthy.

Greece economists search out solutions for the ongoing fiscal and economic challenges unfolding across Europe and North America, and one of the most important results they found was that they should not emulate Spain, and did not ask other economists to write their budgets for them. The increase in tariffs was a good idea, however, and these measures were adopted nearly unanimously by a simple vote.

One of the most strange directives by any government to the economic hardships was in Athens, where the government, deeming the economic downturn in Greece to be the result of not enough young people, declare that it is the duty of all Greeks to go forth and procreate, to have large, healthy families so that they may have workers for their farms, soldiers for the government, and citizens for the future. A sharp rise in births was recorded, but many people wondered if this economic crisis was to continue, how they would be able to feed them.

Greek attempts to subdue the Macedonian revolt are crushed, after reinforcements from Yugoslav-held Macedonia flood into northern Greece, seeking the liberation of an independent Macedonia. Greek intelligence found no signs of Bulgarian assistance to the Macedonians, but rifles not found in either Greece or Yugoslavia were found in their hands, and artillery hammered away at the advancing Greeks. A week-long siege of a Macedonian stronghold caused the death of several thousand Greek soldiers, but the organisation, knowing it could not hold out from Greece forever, retreated into Yugoslavia, where it established yet another revolt against the Yugoslav government. The small garrison in Skopje was ousted, and a new Government set up there, claiming Greek Macedonia as their own.

German General Walther Wever, who many French and British intelligence agencies wondered about, turned up Turkey, where spies from both countries had been ramped up due to the massive Soviet influence in the country. He was known as the “Kommandant der Luftwaffe”, and recognised as the head of Germany’s Air Force. The news was shocking to London and Paris, but already deeply engrossed in their own economic affairs, the issue went to the wayside. This was brought up again, however, when the Turkish Air Force was announced to have formed, with many un-Turkish pilots and un-Turkish commanders. Drills had begun constantly, as Soviet planes and bombers were shipped into Turkey, where this decidedly not Turkish Air Force was undergoing training.

The Turkish government announces the creation of yet another Five-Year Plan, to help build industrial output, and when that proved to be not moving at a fast enough pace, issued another Five-Year Plan. Not knowing what exactly was a “Five-Year Plan” over twelve were issued during the year. Industrial growth, which had been going fine before, was brought to a halt from the constant government changing outlook.

North & South America

A bill to abolish the taxation on foodstuffs sails through the Canadian parliament with little opposition, and hundreds are able to purchase food at a reduced price, even with the taxes on it were small. Government revenue drops from this, but people are able to purchase more food, making them happier, as their reduced income and same prices would have made the crisis much worse.

Despite the economic misfortunes felt across the country, the Conservative government is easily re-elected in Canada, as they run on the message of continuing the policies which produced this economic growth in the first place, and the abolishment of food taxes went a long way, causing the Prime Minister to declare it only one more year before growth once again returned to Canada.

The Newfoundland Parliament ppasses the Government Equality Act, officially embracing the right of Women to be considered "persons" under the law, granting them the right to vote, and the right to stand for office in elections. A by-election is held after the death of an MP from St. John's, and a woman wins by a close margin, and is affirmed the new MP after a recount was held, but this caused some backlash against the Government, which subsided later in the year.

With the continued focus on the British's "Buy Empire" campaign, Newfoundland is able to market their fish in the United Kingdom and Canada, where government policies force most of the fish to be purchased at healthy profits for the Newfoundland fisheries. While the average consumer in Britain needed to pay more for fish, it was a boon to many across the ocean.

Despite overtures from the government that the stock market crash would have little effect on the overall economy, talks between several wealthy bankers and the government begin, hoping to reach an agreement where money is injected into the stock market in order to shore up the price of shares. A deal was close to being struck, but the news of runs on the bank, along with the Bank of England going under, caused a downright panic. A massive injection of money was rushed into the stock market as an emergency measure, and the prices rose up artificially high. President Hoover even began to funnel government funds into the market, but as banks failed more and more, the injection was halted, and the stock market crashed one last time in late December, marking a total of three crashes in one year. The United States banking system ground to a halt, and the amount of money in circulation contracted severely.

2qnJEev.jpg

A bank run in the United States.​

The economic freefall did not have an impact on the United States Army, however, as money (that the government really doesn't have anymore) is invested into hiring more and more officers to reform much of the army. The expenses were vast, but few Americans cared much for a stronger army, when a lot of people were losing their jobs and their money.

Racial tensions spike in Alabama, as proposed school reforms by the U.S. Congress, dominated by Republicans, had language in the bill that would overturn much of the legal code in Alabama, and most Southern states, about school segregation. The bill would overhaul school curriculum, but at the same time define school districts by population, and throwing out the notion of "Separate but Equal". Democrats, seeing this move, launch a filibuster of the legislation in the Senate, where Alabama Senator James Heflin talks for thirty four hours, killing the legislation. This did not sooth any nerves, as the Alabama legislature passed strict new laws, and even passed a bill "forbidding" the influence of the United States Congress in Alabamian affairs, under the guise of the 10th Amendment.

President Félix Díaz tours much of Mexico, giving stirring speeches, talking about his sacred duty to defend Mexico and Catholicism. His two main planks, Conservatism and Catholicism, are deeply celebrated in rural Mexico, giving his government the massive support of the people, who are looking for stability.

Subsidies are given to many factories across Mexico, and while few factories employ a small amount of the total workers of the nation, their priority given to them by the government showed how much they were valued.

Brazil is able to enact peace treaties with both Argentina and Chile, ending their short period of war, in what seemed to be a very decisive Brazilian victory. President Vargas, by buying weapons from the Argentine government, was able to bring control to his country, and solidify his power. Some revolts still popped up from time to time, but Vargas was going to stay.

President Vargas enacts massive trade barriers to any other nation, jacking up tariffs for all outside goods, and at the same time enacts several policies that look to stimulate local businesses and industry. Little progress is done, but the government is able to bring in more money, and the outlook is positive for industrial growth.

Armamentos Argentinos, after selling their wares to the Brazilian Army, begins designing their own weaponry at the direction of the central government. A new research and development facility was opened in Buenos Aires, and former CanMil employees formed the central core of what was known as “ArmArg”. The naming quality of companies seemed to show that many Canadians could not think of creative and inventive names for weapon companies.

Even without full knowledge of the economic indicators, Chile announces the nationalisation of all American interests in Chile, which formed a significant chunk of the economy, under the guise of “preventing losses”. A new pro-Japanese trade policy was announced, and taxes were slashed across the board. Attempts to attract investors failed miserably, as no one had any money to invest. State control was announced over the national finances, and as an extension, state price controls were enacted to ensure the population would be able to buy products, and a new highway program was announced. This was the most ambitious expansion of control yet in Chile, and only the highway program was scrapped, but the economy was firmly in their control, as well as the ire of thousands of Americans.

The humiliating defeat against the United States was reflected in Chile’s military position as well. Sergio Quintana was executed in Santiago for the defeat of the navy, and President Altamirano stepped down from his office. Jorge González von Marées was “elected” from the National Socialist Movement of Chile, the only political party allowed. The farce of democracy worked well, as many Chileans accepted the new government.

Africa & Asia

Fierce debate over the Women’s Enfranchisement Act of 1929 takes place in South Africa, which would grant white women over the age of 21 the right to vote and run for office, similar to what had happened in Newfoundland. Many of the elite Boers hated such an idea, and a small measure, which would continue to move South Africa away from the British Empire, was added to the bill, allowing it to pass. It officially shamed the British government for the Boer Wars, and laid all the blame on expansionist policies of Empire for them happening.

“Buy Empire” was most certainly not practised in South Africa. Import duties on many raw materials were lowered, and South Africa made contracts around the world for these precious goods, and at very goods rates. There were no British or Empire contracts among these deals, and South African industry was able to increase, as some incentives were offered at the same time by the government.

Running off his previous term, as well as the measures just passed, J.B.M. Hertzog and his National Party are swept into office, winning a massive victory, controlling 73% of the Parliament, and shutting out most other party’s opinions. The Labour Party, which was a prospective coalition partner, was tossed to the wayside as the National Party assumed near complete control over the entire country, signalling a possibly massive change in policy towards the United Kingdom, one more antagonous than the one that already exists.

Iranian debt had been partly erased by the US government when Pahlavi Shah took over but in the following years, the state had given many subsidies, so as to speed up the modernisation. These subsidies in education, farming or mining began to take a toll on the Iranian government. The port of Gameron had been expanded, which allowed Iran to export all of its oil and mining production. The Gameron-Tehran line was using modern technologies and American locomotives, but the same couldn’t be said for the rest of the country. To facilitate the flow of goods in Iran, Reza Pahlavi decided to improve the railway system. But the international crisis, and the low demand in minerals and oil in the rest of the world made this pointless, at least exportation-wise. The Iranians tried to reach out to Rockfeller for assistance, but the American tycoon couldn’t send funds to Iran, and he had no reason to either. Some locomotives were ordered by the Majiles, but they didn’t fit the gauge of the current railways, and when a budget to enlarge them was proposed in the Majiles, it was rejected by the conservatives and some of the ones who had long supported the Shah. This led in turn to a larger deadlock, with the Parliament and the Shah and his Prime Minister entering a conflict over the budget, as Reza Pahlavi didn’t want to stop his modernization because of a few dozens parliamentarians. They claimed the large public spending of Iran was already worrisome, and didn’t want it to worsen. So when the government proposed to buy newer weapons for the army, the Majiles refused it as well, saying Iran already had one of the most modern forces of the region. Should this deadlock continue, Iran might very well plunge in anarchy once more.

The NRA on the move, with reinforcements coming in, the Qing army was doomed to lose. And if the Republicans were forced to march on Beijing, the peace treaty certainly wouldn’t be lenient to the Fengtian. That’s why, without being consulted, emperor Xuantong was deposed once more, and his state was abolished. Pu Yi was forced to remain in Beijing, and the pillage of the palace continued. The Parliaments were merged in Nanjing, with the United Front keeping its majority, and with the Parliament came a real government. Chinese reunification, also called ‘Northeast Flag Replacement’, was now achieved and the KMT held control over most of the country, at least nominally. Yan Xishan and his Shanxi Clique joined the KMT, and so did the Mas when they saw the civil war was nearly over. This reunification certainly didn’t mean that the Nanjing government had control over much of the territory, warlordism remained strong in China.

J9yW2gS.png

One China, One State, One Flag.​

The Qing army army demobilized, its members were offered to enlist in the NRA. This offer was taken up by the bulk of the army. They had initially been recruited to fight the Soviets, but after years of service, they knew they didn’t have many other job possibilities. But the recruiters of the Revolutionary Army had been told to refuse the applications of ‘unreliable’ individuals. And considering most of these men had fought for Zuolin for years, they were deemed unreliable. The soldiers were angry at the news, they had been asked to join the NRA and now they were told they weren’t fit for duty, which certainly didn’t please them. The Qinmindang, that was short on trained manpower, came in and recruited most of these men for Feng’s personal army. Some of them refused, as he was known for his zeal and conversion was required to gain advancement in his army. At the end of the day, the NRA managed to form three more divisions with the remnants of the Qing army, the Qinmindang recruited sixteen divisions and the rest was demobilized, hopefully not trying to resist Republican rule.

In Hebei, the NRA marched in a few days after the agreement was signed. The region was militarily occupied, to avoid armed resistance to the KMT. The move was successful, and the central government managed to take over Hebei and Inner Mongolia without too much bloodshed. Most Fengtian leaders had been barred from participating in the political life for five years, but their influence didn’t disappear overnight, and their collaboration ensured a peaceful transition in Northern China. Anti-KMT feelings still ran high, but people mostly enjoyed the end of the war, and if control by the KMT was the price to pay to have peace, then they would bear with the KMT. The same NRA, after its various setbacks, was legally established as the national army of the Republic of China. This move was probably meant to unify all forces in China under the same banner, and it worked. All forces affiliated to the KMT joined the NRA - meaning the Qinmindang and the Communists didn’t join - but central control over it was tedious at best. Local warlords made sure they remained in control of their troops and happily joined the NRA, as it meant their troops would be paid by Nanjing. The NRA could thus boast impressive numbers,but had control over half a million men at best.

The civil war over, a difficult transition began in China. In Shandong, Feng Yuxiang managed to get one of his proteges in power, claiming his support had been capital in the war. Han Fuqu thus became military and civilian governor of Shandong, establishing Republican control over the province. The KMT hold also became stronger in Southern China, as Long Yun launched a coup against Tang Jiyao. With the end of the war in Guangxi as well, Zhao Hengti decided to send his regards to Nanjing and claimed to fully support the party and the republic. Whether this proclamation was true would probably be witnessed in the following years.
In Xinjiang, the local warlord was assassinated by native Uighurs, and he was succeeded by Jin Shuren. Shuren’s sinicization and anti-Muslim policies created more discontent among the province, and among the Ma clique, that wished for an intervention. It’s only the influence of Wang Jiwei that avoided a war, for one more year at least. The Ma were bribed with the Ningxia and Suiyuan provinces, that had sizeable Hui minorities. Ma Fuxiang ruled over both, and thus joined with the rest of the Clique. The power of the Muslim warlords was getting worrisome for the central government, but they never made a move against Nanjing, and were thus left alone.

While an uneasy peace was found all over China, tensions began to rise among the United Front. The control of the CCP in Manchuria, that ruled the province, was deemed insulting by many senior members of the KMT, who regarded the CCP as a junior partner. Fears of separatism, and that Guotao might try to recreate his Manchurian SSR, were widespread and Hu Hanmin asked for a greater control of the central authority over the Manchurian provinces. The situation didn’t change however, even if Guotao announced his continued support for the Front and the republic. The political alliance thus continued, even if both sides felt provoked. Within the KMT itself, issues were raised as the army leadership tried to assume greater control over the state, like in most provinces, while parliamentarians wanted the army to be subordinate to the government. Chiang’s new position of Generalissimo made him supportive of the Jiwei government, but he also encouraged his subordinates to continue to voice their opposition. He managed to appear as a compromiser who stood above pesky disputes over power, greatly improving his status among the lower members of the KMT.

In Japan, the Tosa-class battleships were finally laid down in the continuity of the Eight-Eight program, and these two 40t battleships would help Japan in its current naval race aginst both the Soviets and the Americans. Construction of two battlecruisers, the Asama and Kasuga began as well, and the new techniques used for them, such as more modern bridge towers or larger platting, would surely benefit the IJN for its future constructions. The last Japanese pre-dreadnought, the Mikasa, is turned into a floating museum, to the glory of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

M9Wfc8z.jpg

The Mikasa, once Admiral Togo’s ship and now a museum.​

Nakajima Industries, or what was left of it after the nationalization, produces new airplanes, which is hailed as a proof of the successful economic policies of Japan by the government. The Nakajima Type 91 is a modern fighter, and is mass-produced so as to help the IJA in its campaigns. A bomber is produced as well, and is noteworthy as its bombs payload is the world’s largest, and both also have state of the art machine guns. Unlike most of the world, Japan decided to heavily arm its planes, sacrificing defence and a bit of manoeuvrability. The IJN was supposed to get new planes as well, including the Nakajima A2N but production was postponed because many senior officers of the IJA refused to see the budget of the navy explode. Japan might have changed, but the two branches of its army remained jealous of each other. Continuing their anti-navy push, the IJA recruited four divisions, including a division of Type 89 tanks. However, the production capacities of Japan regarding was somewhat limited, and they wouldn’t be ready until mid-1930, and training would only begin by then. The IJA was thus forced to wait until it could get to play wargames with its tanks.

Japan began a policy of economic autarky after the nationalization, and this protected them from most of the crisis in 1929. But the nationalized banks, suffering from the loss of the Qing credit, were unable to continue their operations for much longer. The state could print more money, as it had enormous control over the economy, but unlike the Soviets, Japan needed to trade to get its coal and oil from abroad. The loss of trade with China and more precisely Manchuria, made Japan unable to import all the raw materials it needed. By the end of the year, Japanese industry continued to grow, even if the amount of trade conducted with other countries dropped, a consequence of the nationalization and of the crisis, the industry began to show signs of weakness. Everything had been nationalized, but nothing had been reorganized, and the banks that were about to fail, and the lack of resources could easily create a crisis in Japan, as important as the one witnessed in the United States.

As some businesses begin to close, the Australian government acts by adopting a dual-measure of protection. With the economy showing signs of trouble due to the problems in Europe, it was decided that tariffs would be raised on all goods, and at the same time taxes were slashed across the board. This, which included cutting the taxes of the rich, would prove healthy for the economy, which was still able to post some gains at the end of the year, it proved disastrous for the government’s budget, which reported massive negatives that required a vote in Parliament to affirm that they would accept the debt burden.

There were also plans to take the unemployed men, which was very low, and send them out to build some new railways into the bush, with the goal of expanding the transcontinental railroad and railroads between the cities. The lack of men for these projects caused many of them to stall, and ultimately, be called off.

Other Notable World Events

The U.S. Army Air Corps airplane “?” begins a six-day non-stop endurance flight over Southern California using aerial refueling.
All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues), by Erich Maria Remarque, is published.
"Saint Valentine's Day Massacre": Five gangsters (rivals of Al Capone), plus two civilians, are shot dead in Chicago.
"The Battle Of Blood Alley" is fought by a razor gang in Sydney, Australia
The 1st Conference of the Fascist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.
The first public demonstration of color TV is held, by H. E. Ives and his colleagues at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York. The first images are a bouquet of roses and an American flag. A mechanical system is used to transmit 50-line color television images between New York and Washington.
The 1929 Palestine riots break out in mid August between Palestinians and Jews in Mandatory Palestine and continue until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Palestinians are killed.
The SS San Juan collides with the oil tanker S.C.T. Dodd, causing the San Juan to sink in 3 minutes, killing 77 people.
Fritz von Opel pilots the first rocket-powered aircraft, the Opel RAK.1, in front of a large crowd in Frankfurt am Main.
On appeal from the Supreme Court of Canada on behalf of "The Famous Five" Canadian women in the landmark case of Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General), the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom announces that women are "persons" under the British North America Acts and thus eligible for appointment to the Senate of Canada.
Vladimir Zworykin takes out the first patent for color television
The All India Congress in Lahore demands Indian independence.
 
Last edited:


Argentina
Government: Fascist Dictatorship
Population: 10.855 m.
GDP: $ 47,809 m.
Trade: $ 319 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (2/5) Average
Balance: $ -802 m.
Income: $ 4,622 m.
Expenses: $ 5,423 m.
Treasury: $ -40,922 m.
Stability: Poor
White People: 0.987 m.
Army: (1/5) Excellent, 1924 technology
Ground Units: 23 Infantry divisions, 3 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 599,261
Navy: (4/5) Average, 1920 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 8 Cruisers, 11 Destroyers, 2 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1912 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Manuel Carlés
Played by: alexander23

Australia
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 6.278 m.
GDP: $ 39,451 m.
Trade: $ 263 m.
Economy: Industrial, Boom
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Good
Modern: (3/5) Good
Balance: $ -78 m.
Income: $ 3,616 m.
Expenses: $ 3,694 m.
Treasury: $ -27,058 m.
Stability: Stable
Kangaroos: 13.937 m.
Army: (3/5) Good, 1919 technology
Ground Units: 5 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 567,773
Navy: (1/5) Excellent, 1921 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 6 Cruisers, 10 Destroyers, 9 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1912 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King George V
Leader: Prime Minister Stanley Bruce
Played by: Revan529

Austria
Government: Republic
Population: 3.629 m.
GDP: $ 13,494 m.
Trade: $ 90 m.
Economy: Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (3/5) Good
Modern: (2/5) Average
Balance: $ -328 m.
Income: $ 1,304 m.
Expenses: $ 1,633 m.
Treasury: $ -12,268 m.
Stability: Good
Bratwurst/Capita: 3.88
Army: (1/5) Excellent, 1922 technology
Ground Units: 1 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 323,938
Navy: (1/5) Poor, 1918 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1918 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Karl Seitz
Played by: Noco19

Brazil
Government: Paternal Autocrat
Population: 31.138 m.
GDP: $ 27,621 m.
Trade: $ 184 m.
Economy: Agrarian, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Poor
Modern: (1/5) Poor
Balance: $ -1,521 m.
Income: $ 2,946 m.
Expenses: $ 4,468 m.
Treasury: $ -32,345 m.
Stability: Poor
Hues: 9,000+
Army: (3/5) Poor, 1916 technology
Ground Units: 12 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 2,969,833
Navy: (2/5) Average, 1919 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 3 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 2 Cruisers, 10 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1912 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Getúlio Vargas
Played by: Shynka

Bulgaria
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 5.505 m.
GDP: $ 7,554 m.
Trade: $ 38 m.
Economy: Agrarian, Boom
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Poor
Modern: (1/5) Failing
Balance: $ 110 m.
Income: $ 718 m.
Expenses: $ 608 m.
Treasury: $ -7,970 m.
Stability: Poor
Bulgars: 5.117 m.
Army: (3/5) Good, 1920 technology
Ground Units: 3 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 514,488
Navy: (3/5) Failing, 1920 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1918 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: Tsar Boris III
Played by: 99KingHigh

Canada
Government: Parliamentary Democracy
Population: 9.586 m.
GDP: $ 47,420 m.
Trade: $ 237 m.
Economy: Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (2/5) Average
Balance: $ -977 m.
Income: $ 3,556 m.
Expenses: $ 4,533 m.
Treasury: $ -15,963 m.
Stability: Good
Maple Syrup (L/Capita): 1.92
Army: (4/5) Good, 1922 technology
Ground Units: 4 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 910,622
Navy: (1/5) Average, 1918 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 2 Cruisers, 4 Destroyers, 4 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1922 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King George V
Leader: Prime Minister Arthur Meighen
Played by: PotatoMan

Chile
Government: Fascist Dictatorship
Population: 4.116 m.
GDP: $ 20,489 m.
Trade: $ 137 m.
Economy: Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Average
Modern: (3/5) Poor
Balance: $ -264 m.
Income: $ 1,981 m.
Expenses: $ 2,245 m.
Treasury: $ -1,992 m.
Stability: Good
Chili Peppers: 229.740 m.
Army: (2/5) Average, 1916 technology
Ground Units: 21 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 159,647
Navy: (1/5) Average, 1918 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 1 Battlecruisers, 3 Cruisers, 13 Destroyers, 3 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1912 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Luis Altamirano
Played by: DeMarchese

China
Government: Military
Population: 488.124 m.
GDP: $ 244,439 m.
Trade: $ 1,222 m.
Economy: Agrarian, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Poor
Modern: (3/5) Failing
Balance: $ -9,100 m.
Income: $ 20,777 m.
Expenses: $ 29,878 m.
Treasury: $ -90,926 m.
Stability: Stable
Rigged Elections: 2
Army: (3/5) Average, 1924 technology
Ground Units: 88 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions [+3 CCP Divs.]
Manpower: 47,543,410
Navy: (4/5) Poor, 1910 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1910 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: Wang Jingwei
Played by: Stormbringer

Czechoslovakia
Government: Parliamentary Republic
Population: 14.797 m.
GDP: $ 35,896 m.
Trade: $ 179 m.
Economy: Industrial, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Good
Modern: (3/5) Good [+1 in 1 turn]
Balance: $ -1181 m.
Income: $ 3,051 m.
Expenses: $ 4,232 m.
Treasury: $ -24,630 m.
Stability: Stable
Gold Stolen: $ 2,828 m.
Army: (3/5) Good, 1925 technology
Ground Units: 10 Infantry divisions, 1 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 1,327,553
Navy: (1/5) Failing, 1912 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (4/5) Average, 1922 technology
Air Units: 1 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Tomáš Masaryk
Played by: XVG

France
Government: Parliamentary Republic
Population: 41.952 m.
GDP: $ 210,324 m.
Trade: $ 1,052 m.
Economy: Industrial, Recession
Colonial Holdings
Colonial Population: 67.057 m.
Colonial GDP: $ 47,153 m.
French Africa
Population: 38.025 m.
GDP: $ 24,507 m.
French Indochina
Population: 27.681 m.
GDP: $ 21,310 m.
French Caribbean
Population: 1.350 m.
GDP: $ 1,336 m.
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (4/5) Average
Balance: $ -9,075 m.
Income: $ 18,746 m.
Expenses: $ 27,820 m.
Treasury: $ -264,707 m.
Stability: Stable
Crossiants Consumed/Yr: 2,811 m.
Army: (2/5) Excellent, 1925 technology
Ground Units: 64 Infantry divisions, 1 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 2,028,809
Navy: (4/5) Good, 1927 technology
Ships: 3 Aircraft Carriers, 6 Battleships, 8 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 20 Cruisers, 31 Destroyers, 16 Submarines [+12 Destoyers in 2 turns.]
Air Force: (3/5) Good, 1926 technology
Air Units: 50 Fighter Wings, 1 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Gaston Doumergue
Played by: Mathrim

Germany
Government: Parliamentary Republic
Population: 66.864 m.
GDP: $ 263,042 m.
Trade: $ 1,368 m.
Economy: Industrial, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (3/5) Good
Modern: (2/5) Good
Balance: $ -8,494 m.
Income: $ 22,412 m.
Expenses: $ 30,906 m.
Treasury: $ -274,476 m.
Stability: Average
Beer Consumed (L/Yr): 39.450 m.
Army: (1/5) Good, 1922 technology
Ground Units: 8 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 4,361,629
Navy: (4/5) Average, 1918 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 6 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 6 Cruisers, 18 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Average, 1918 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: Chancellor Otto Wels
Played by: Afaslizo

Greece
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 6.281 m.
GDP: $ 14,563 m.
Trade: $ 91 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Expansion
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (2/5) Average
Balance: $ -1,321 m.
Income: $ 1,256 m.
Expenses: $ 2,577 m.
Treasury: $ -28,419 m.
Stability: Good
Kebabs Removed: 18.818 k.
Army: (3/5) Excellent, 1925 technology
Ground Units: 7 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 486,180
Navy: (1/5) Average, 1914 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 2 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 6 Cruisers, 10 Destroyers, 2 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Average, 1915 technology
Air Units: 2 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King Constantine I
Leader: Prime Minister Alexandros Zaimis
Played by: Duke of Britain

Hungary
Government: Parliamentary Republic
Population: 9.221 m.
GDP: $ 17,457 m.
Trade: $ 87 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (1/5) Average
Modern: (2/5) Poor
Balance: $ -544 m.
Income: $ 1,484 m.
Expenses: $ 2,028 m.
Treasury: $ -12,564 m.
Stability: Good
Goulash/Capita 1.91
Army: (3/5) Good, 1919 technology
Ground Units: 6 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 826,474
Navy: (3/5) Failing, 1918 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1918 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Mihály Károlyi
Played by: Firelordsky

Iran
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 14.182 m.
GDP: $ 18,675 m.
Trade: $ 93 m.
Economy: Agrarian, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (1/5) Good
Modern: (4/5) Failing
Balance: $ -594 m.
Income: $ 1,587 m.
Expenses: $ 2,181 m.
Treasury: $ -5,883 m.
Stability: Average
Nuclear Weapons: 0 [+1 in 2015]
Army: (4/5) Good, 1916 technology
Ground Units: 15 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 1,214,566
Navy: (1/5) Poor, 1910 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1905 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: Shah Reza Pahlavi
Played by: Jeeshadow

Ireland
Government: Republic
Population: 3.002 m.
GDP: $ 7,825 m.
Trade: $ 39 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Expansion
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Average
Modern: (4/5) Average
Balance: $ -609 m.
Income: $ 743 m.
Expenses: $ 1,352 m.
Treasury: $ -17,924 m.
Stability: Good
Potatos: 8.457 m.
Army: (3/5) Good, 1918 technology
Ground Units: 1 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 288,200
Navy: (2/5) Poor, 1919 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 1 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1915 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Éamon de Valera
Played by: Dadarian

Italy
Government: Fascist Dictatorship
Population: 42.126 m.
GDP: $ 146,426 m.
Trade: $ 732 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Stagnation
Colonial Holdings
Colonial Population: 2.149 m.
Colonial GDP: $ 1,892 m.
Italian Africa
GDP: $ 1,277 m.
Population: 1.263 m.
Italian Albania
GDP: $ 615 m.
Population: 0.886 m.
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Good
Modern: (4/5) Average
Balance: $ -3488 m.
Income: $ 13,416 m.
Expenses: $ 16,904 m.
Treasury: $ -134,309 m.
Stability: Good
Colosseums: 8
Army: (3/5) Good, 1922 technology
Ground Units: 50 Infantry divisions, 3 Mountain divisions, 1 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 2,640,453
Navy: (3/5) Good, 1918 technology
Ships: 2 Aircraft Carriers, 9 Battleships, 3 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 15 Cruisers, 70 Destroyers, 17 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Good, 1923 technology
Air Units: 10 Fighter Wings, 2 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King Victor Emmanuel III
Leader: Prime Minister Benito Mussolini
Played by: jacob-Lundgren

Japan
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 64.844 m.
GDP: $ 165,345 m.
Trade: $ 827 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Boom
Colonial Holdings
Colonial Population: 16.853 m.
Colonial GDP: $ 19,958 m.
Japanese Korea
GDP: $ 19,958 m.
Population: 16.853 m.
Infrastructure
Primary: (3/5) Good
Modern: (1/5) Excellent
Balance: $ -4,773 m.
Income: $ 16,107 m.
Expenses: $ 20,879 m.
Treasury: $ -168,910 m.
Stability: Good
Fascists: 58.360 m.
Army: (4/5) Good, 1925 technology
Ground Units: 40 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions [+1 Armoured Division in 2 turns]
Manpower: 6,004,395
Navy: (1/5) Excellent, 1924 technology
Ships: 3 Aircraft Carriers, 9 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 8 Battlecruisers, 24 Cruisers, 107 Destroyers, 47 Submarines
Air Force: (2/5) Average, 1921 technology
Air Units: 10 Fighter Wings, 5 Bomber Wings
Monarch: Emperor Shōwa
Leader: Prime Minister Kita Ikki
Played by: MastahCheef117

Mexico
Government: Presidential Republic
Population: 17.618 m.
GDP: $ 38,980 m.
Trade: $ 195 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (1/5) Good
Modern: (1/5) Average
Balance: $ -910 m.
Income: $ 3,313 m.
Expenses: $ 4,224 m.
Treasury: $ -39,974 m.
Stability: Average
Governments Overthrown: 6
Army: (3/5) Poor, 1914 technology
Ground Units: 1 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 1,749,755
Navy: (3/5) Poor, 1912 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1910 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Félix Díaz
Played by: matth34

Netherlands
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 7.709 m.
GDP: $ 40,323 m.
Trade: $ 227 m.
Economy: Industrial, Stagnation
Colonial Holdings
Colonial Population: 65.965 m.
Colonial GDP: $ 62,105 m.
Dutch East Indies
GDP: $ 62,105 m.
Population: 65.965 m.
Infrastructure
Primary: (3/5) Good
Modern: (4/5) Average
Balance: $ -1,418 m.
Income: $ 5,207 m.
Expenses: $ 6,625 m.
Treasury: $ -85,795 m.
Stability: Poor
Deposed Monarchs: 1
Army: (4/5) Average, 1926 technology
Ground Units: 10 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 650,907
Navy: (3/5) Good, 1919 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 2 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (2/5) Average, 1918 technology
Air Units: 4 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: Queen Wilhelmina
Leader: Prime Minister Dirk Jan de Geer
Played by: awesomesauce47

Newfoundland
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 0.380 m.
GDP: $ 1,452 m.
Trade: $ 10 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Good
Modern: (4/5) Poor
Balance: $ -20 m.
Income: $ 140 m.
Expenses: $ 160 m.
Treasury: $ -191 m.
Stability: Stable
Fish Produced: 6.779 m.
Army: (2/5) Good, 1920 technology
Ground Units: 0 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 38,046
Navy: (3/5) Average, 1920 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1915 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King George V
Leader: Prime Minister Walter Stanley Monroe
Played by: Ab Ovo

Poland
Government: Republic
Population: 29.788 m.
GDP: $ 65,772 m.
Trade: $ 658 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Recession
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Good
Modern: (4/5) Average
Balance: $ -134 m.
Income: $ 7,235 m.
Expenses: $ 7,369 m.
Treasury: $ -50,341 m.
Stability: Stable
Russians & Ukranians: 7.447 m.
Army: (2/5) Good, 1921 technology
Ground Units: 27 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 2,654,780
Navy: (2/5) Average, 1914 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Average, 1918 technology
Air Units: 1 Fighter Wings, 1 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Stanisław Wojciechowski
Played by: KeldoniaSkylar

Romania
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 14.322 m.
GDP: $ 17,522 m.
Trade: $ 88 m.
Economy: Agrarian, Boom
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (3/5) Failing
Balance: $ -507 m.
Income: $ 1,489 m.
Expenses: $ 1,997 m.
Treasury: $ -15,018 m.
Stability: Stable
Oil Wells: 48
Army: (1/5) Good, 1919 technology
Ground Units: 12 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 1,288,197
Navy: (4/5) Average, 1916 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Poor, 1912 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: King Ferdinand I
Played by: nachopontmercy

South Africa
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 6.425 m.
GDP: $ 12,404 m.
Trade: $ 50 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Expansion
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (3/5) Failing
Balance: $ -445 m.
Income: $ 1,166 m.
Expenses: $ 1,611 m.
Treasury: $ -18,883 m.
Stability: Stable
Minorities: 5.011 m.
Army: (4/5) Average, 1918 technology
Ground Units: 7 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 558,496
Navy: (4/5) Average, 1915 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 2 Destroyers, 0 Submarines [+1 Battleship in 5 turns. +2 Battlecruisers in 3 turns. +2 Cruisers in 4 turns. +3 Destroyers in 1 turn.]
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1912 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King George V
Leader: Prime Minister James Hertzog
Played by: Maxwell500

Soviet Union
Government: Communist
Population: 170.080 m.
GDP: $ 314,688 m.
Trade: $ 983 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Boom
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Average
Modern: (2/5) Average
Balance: $ -1,638 m.
Income: $ 30,879 m.
Expenses: $ 32,516 m.
Treasury: $ -137,371 m.
Stability: Stable
Trotsky Statues: 1
Army: (1/5) Excellent, 1924 technology
Ground Units: 155 Infantry divisions, 3 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 5,759,172
Navy: (4/5) Average, 1918 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 3 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 1 Battlecruisers, 2 Cruisers, 9 Destroyers, 11 Submarines [+8 Battlecruisers in 3 turns. +87 Submarines in 4 turns. +2 Battleships in 3 turns. +53 Destroyers in 3 turns.]
Air Force: (3/5) Average, 1918 technology
Air Units: 7 Fighter Wings, 1 Bomber Wings
Leader: Chairman Joseph Stalin
Played by: etranger01

Spain
Government: Constitutional Republic
Population: 24.579 m.
GDP: $ 70,502 m.
Trade: $ 235 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Depression
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Average
Modern: (4/5) Poor
Balance: $ -872 m.
Income: $ 5,170 m.
Expenses: $ 6,042 m.
Treasury: $ -38,367 m.
Stability: Good
Republics: 2
Army: (3/5) Average, 1917 technology
Ground Units: 5 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 2,397,939
Navy: (4/5) Poor, 1916 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 1 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 2 Cruisers, 4 Destroyers, 1 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1915 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: PresidentManuel Azaña
Played by: Thandros

Sweden
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 6.380 m.
GDP: $ 30,793 m.
Trade: $ 147 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Stagnation
Infrastructure
Primary: (3/5) Good
Modern: (4/5) Average
Balance: $ -2033 m.
Income: $ 2,918 m.
Expenses: $ 4,951 m.
Treasury: $ -42,548 m.
Stability: Good
Bolsheviks: 0
Army: (1/5) Good, 1921 technology
Ground Units: 13 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 445,941
Navy: (3/5) Poor, 1914 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 8 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 8 Cruisers, 10 Destroyers, 14 Submarines
Air Force: (2/5) Failing, 1915 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 1 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King Gustaf V
Leader: Prime Minister Arvid Lindman
Played by: Haresus

Turkey
Government: Communist
Population: 11.945 m.
GDP: $ 11,480 m.
Trade: $ 32 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Expansion
Infrastructure
Primary: (2/5) Average
Modern: (4/5) Poor
Balance: $ -1,263 m.
Income: $ 1,180 m.
Expenses: $ 2,443 m.
Treasury: $ -23,274 m.
Stability: Good
Modernisation Progress: 56%
Army: (3/5) Average, 1918 technology
Ground Units: 34 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 696,107
Navy: (1/5) Poor, 1915 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 6 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Failing, 1913 technology
Air Units: 0 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Mustafa Kemal
Played by: Galren

United Kingdom
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 47.774 m.
GDP: $ 278,383 m.
Trade: $ 1,210 m.
Economy: Industrial, Depression
Colonial Holdings
Colonial Population: 480.270 m.
Colonial GDP: $ 298,533 m.
British India & Asia
GDP: $ 231,619 m.
Population: 393.795 m.
British Africa
GDP: $ 41,514 m.
Population: 64.063 m.
British Dominions
GDP: $ 25,400 m.
Population: 22.412 m.
Infrastructure
Primary: (1/5) Excellent
Modern: (2/5) Excellent
Balance: $ -16,799 m.
Income: $ 32,204 m.
Expenses: $ 49,003 m.
Treasury: $ -402,982 m.
Stability: Poor
Tea (L)/Capita: 2.17
Army: (3/5) Good, 1919 technology
Ground Units: 34 Infantry divisions, 2 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 4,369,441
Navy: (1/5) Excellent, 1929 technology
Ships: 3 Aircraft Carriers, 30 Battleships, 15 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 28 Battlecruisers, 68 Cruisers, 355 Destroyers, 186 Submarines
Air Force: (2/5) Good, 1919 technology
Air Units: 36 Fighter Wings, 1 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King George V
Leader: Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Played by: Sneakyflaps

United States
Government: Presidential Republic
Population: 123.122 m.
GDP: $ 998,257 m.
Trade: $ 2,852 m.
Economy: Industrial, Depression
Colonial Holdings
Colonial Population: 12.381 m.
Colonial GDP: $ 15,389 m.
American Philippines
GDP: $ 15,389 m.
Population: 12.381 m.
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Excellent
Modern: (5/5) Excellent
Balance: $ -35,147 m.
Income: $ 68,129 m.
Expenses: $ 103,276 m.
Treasury: $ -524,887 m.
Stability: Good
Bank Failures: 0
Army: (3/5) Excellent, 1923 technology
Ground Units: 13 Infantry divisions, 1 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 12,156,156
Navy: (2/5) Excellent, 1921 technology
Ships: 1 Aircraft Carriers, 22 Battleships, 18 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 16 Battlecruisers, 32 Cruisers, 142 Destroyers, 47 Submarines [+6 Aircraft Carriers in 1 turn.]
Air Force: (1/5) Excellent, 1922 technology
Air Units: 43 Fighter Wings, 2 Bomber Wings
Leader: President Herbet Hoover
Played by: Boris ze Spider

Yugoslavia
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: 23.685 m.
GDP: $ 29,815 m.
Trade: $ 199 m.
Economy: Semi-Industrial, Boom
Infrastructure
Primary: (4/5) Average
Modern: (3/5) Poor
Balance: $ -782 m.
Income: $ 2,286 m.
Expenses: $ 3,068 m.
Treasury: $ -23,161 m.
Stability: Good
Seperatist Movements: 3
Army: (1/5) Average, 1920 technology
Ground Units: 12 Infantry divisions, 0 Armoured divisions
Manpower: 1,414,305
Navy: (1/5) Poor, 1916 technology
Ships: 0 Aircraft Carriers, 0 Battleships, 0 Pre-Dreadnoughts, 0 Battlecruisers, 0 Cruisers, 0 Destroyers, 0 Submarines
Air Force: (1/5) Average, 1918 technology
Air Units: 1 Fighter Wings, 0 Bomber Wings
Monarch: King Alexander I
Leader: Prime Minister Nikola Pašić
Played by: NikoHoI3

 
Last edited:
deutschland_i3.png

State visit to the Republic of France​


​
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

we may call it historical that a German head of state may now speak here in Paris after the centuries of war, blood and hate. But it is also necessary if Europe shall have a lasting peace. It is also urgent as I have heard about a controversy in Turkey. Actually I will postbone what I wanted to say to get on that situation as tensions run high again. After the investment into Turkey and the deals for Istanbul were made Germany was approached to provide knowledge. Turkey feeling isolated and threatened by her neighbors in Greece and Syria felt that the western powers would not understand her pleas and turned to us as a nonthreatening country which could provide knowledge but unlikely to attack Turkey on behalf of a neighboring country.

Turkish knowledge of aviation technology and tactics is sadly very poor which is why the German Federation provided pilots along technical advise. This measure is temporary and will be adressed once Turkey has enough pilots to deploy them along all these new planes. It actually is a short boon for all these pilots of German orign who were put out of work following Versailles. They have to provide for families, they have to pay rent, buy food and have to get a place for good sleep. If Turkey would pay them for a while there is no harm done. That is no breach like one might think, that is a chance for simple men to provide for their families and Turkey with safety. It is a boon for these men, men who are not much different from French pilots. In a year of course that might well have change but every coin is a gain not to be turned away for these workers. In a year, Turkey will be able to provide the pilots themselves.

I hope I may calm then tensions with that and of course we hope Turkey will invite observers to look into it so you may well see that nothing is out of order. It is clear, that trust must be earned but it is true too that suspicion makes you startle at shadows and shortens your lifespan. It is easy to demonize people so to place them below humanity and to find a way to kill them off as if they are just animals. Let us hope that mankind will not take that path. In these times they will probably do it with timetables, clipboards and quality measurement to ensure that as many people are killed in less time like cattle, perhaps with a train network and doctors testing drugs on them.

The fall of last year brought out wise words in both France and Germany, we have thus to take this historical chance to overcome the cycle, to overcome the fear, the mutual loathing. We have to take the chance to ensure lasting peace not by fear as it makes you paranoid, not by tyranny as it invited revolt and revolution, but by small steps and gestures to ensure peace is true. And truth is allways beautiful. Shall Germany and France take this chance or shall we stare at each other for eternity, weaking Europe, keeping it divided, soiling the heritage of Charlemagne and of Western Europe, allowing outsiders to have their own designs in Europe come true?

That is the question we have to ask ourselves. I hope you have the same awnser I have found.

Otto Braun, President of the German Federation
 
200px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29.svg.png

The Kingdom of Italy had seen the path Europe is on and the shape of the economic crisis and we have come to a decision. We no longer value the resources that might be required to enforce the Treaty of Versailles military restrictions against Germany or the other defeated nations in their own treaties, as wisely allocated. Italy will no longer take any measures to enforce any restrictions on military forces from any great war treaty, do note importantly however that we view the current borders as more proper than pre-great war and this is not a step to support the idea of reclaiming any lost lands. The Kingdom of Italy simply feels that a decade of peace followed by what is now a very serious economic recession means another great war clearly is not in our immediate future, call it a five year program of peace expected as the Soviets are fond of that length of time. As a result Italy will consider our most likely state of being during the next five years as that of peace, we will focus on internal and defensive priorities. We will of course react to any unexpected crisis and we will of course not remove the tool of war from our box. We are still weighing the current potential crisis regarding Turkey-Germany airplanes and our current announcement has no bearing on what action we may or may not take on that issue. France is of course free to handle the issue as they see right and proper and we understand their greater need to monitor the German armed forces. The French are free to act against Germany if they feel justified, we are not the police of Europe and it is not our responsibility to get involved right now. Italy has an eye on our future and as there is no need to keep an eye on others armed forces as a result of past issues and only future ones. If at some day the German forces can be considered a threat to Italian interests we will adjust as needed, as for now Italy must look to our future and not the past. Again, this is not to say we are not going to act on the German-Turkish issue, simply that it will be viewed with a new lens.

Mario Luigi ~ Representative for the King
 
Last edited:
250px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957.svg.png


Canada

To the Canadian citizens.

The economic crisis has struck our beautiful nation of Canada, leaving our trade and income at record lows. But, the abolishing of food tax has saved many families from losing their homes because they needed to pay for food. Thousands of families that were at risk, are now not and are living life as they were before.

With this economic crisis, I plan to build our economy back to where it was, larger even. Our great nation will triumph and dig ourselves out of the whole we have fallen into, and aid as many nations as we can while climbing out.

Thank you

Prime Minister Arthur Meighen




​
 
rolarge.gif



Kingdom of Romania

Regatul României
​


Despite the great ideological and social differences between our two nations, the Government of Romania welcomes the recent signing of the Treaty of Chișinău with the Soviet Union, and we are pleased to know that while our agrarian exports have increased we have also have contributed relieve the famine crisis in Ukraine. This is another example of the willingness of our government to work for stability in Eastern Europe, and we are pleased to announce that the Agrarian Development Act of 1929 will serve to modernize and improve our agricultural sector in the coming years. These are difficult times, but this cabinet will not cease its work until we have alleviated the dire effects of this global crisis through hard work and strong will.

Meanwhile, we regret the negative impact that the Treaty of Lodz has provoked on the economies of our neighboring countries, and we are glad we expressed our reservations to the signing of this Agreement. Despite the evident good intentions of the Polish government, it is not advisable to establish free markets without any state intervention if the opportunity to compete on equal terms is not guaranteed, and therefore we definitely announce that we will not sign the Treaty of Lodz. However, we do not close the door to the negotiation of other billateral economic treaties that may be proposed between the Kingdom of Romania and the other countries of the Eastern Entente.

Similarly, we fully support the application of the Kingdom of Greece to join our alliance, and as agreed at its entry into the Entente we also endorse such application in behalf of the Republic of Hungary. Let the eternal friendship between Greece and the other countries of the Entente be sealed with this alliance.


NIHIL SINE DEO
​



Gheorghe G. Mironescu
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania
 
​
National Party of Chile​


President von Marées during the speech to the masses.​

Sons and daughters of Chile.
Today we are witnessing the dawn of a new era. An era of golden prosperity whose light will cast down the darkness that threatens to engulf our way of life, our hard-won fruits after years of constant struggle. We have been always under the shadow of that darkness, a shadow made of those who shought to control our destiny, those who tried to place themselves as the hidden masters of this nation, those who´s system is now failing. An empire who crumbles and the entire world cower in fear. We refuse to follow the same path, we climb to the highest peak of the highest mountain and we empty our lungs by yelling one single word: ¡No!
¡No more we will follow the dictates of others! ¡No more we will feel the fear of the Bolshevism! ¡No more we will pay attention to the whispers and the lies from the North!
On this day, Chile stands as one people, one nation, one single beign directed by one single purpose, pure and strong. On this day, we left aside the old beliefs that made the rest of the world see our nation as a weak and uncivilized people. Today we are the bridge that unites the two halves of world.

-President von Marées.​

- THE PACT OF STEEL -
25th of November of 1931

Article I
Article I state that signatory nations are to stay in communication with one another, in order to come to an understanding of all common interests or the European-Pacific situation as a whole.
Article II
Article II obliges to all signatory nations to follow a similar foreign policy and in the event of any ‘international happenings’ to enter into mutual consultation before any measure can be taken or adopted.
Article III
Article III promise the full military support of the signatory nations should the other members of this treaty go to war.
Article IV
Article IV supports the intentions of Article III, encouraging the establishment of greater cooperation in ‘the military sphere and the sphere of war economy’. This article also supports greater communication between the European and Pacific theatres with South America posing as a bridge between them in order to achieve economic and military cooperation.
Article V
Article V compel signatory nations to agree to all future armistices, further supporting increasing military planning between the signatory nations.
Article VI
Article VI of this treaty instills the importance of maintaining relations with countries which are and/or will be friendly towards any of the signatory nations.
Article VII
Article VII states that this treaty came into force upon completion and that it would last until 1949.​

Signatory Nations:
[_] Kingdom of Italy.
[_] Argentine State.
[_] Empire of Japan.
[x] Chilean State.​
 
447OE7PiratenLEL.jpg

Older Swedish airplane, "Piraten", used for the training of new pilots.​

The Swedish Air Force of 1929​

Due to the rising Communist threat in the Baltic sea, especially the massive Soviet naval buildup, the Swedish government decided that action was necessary to guarantee the independence and safety of the Nordic Council. Inspired by the increasing prevalence of independent air forces in major countries and the promising potential of torpedoes the Riksdag passed the Defense Act of 1929, announcing the creation of the Swedish Air Force led by Karl Amundson, a reliable Major General with a significant interest in aeronautics who had participated in the destruction of the Bolshevik coup four years earlier, and the official doctrine of the young military branch: The economic safety of the Baltic Sea. With great enthusiasm and large resources devoted, Karl Amundson swiftly went to work. Airplanes already had a role in the Swedish military but only for pure support purposes, mostly reconnaissance. Karl Amundson was determined to change this. The existing, often outdated, airplanes were used for training purposes while new torpedo bombers were purchased from France. The French government was eager to sell their older models and it was not long before a squadron of capable torpedo bombers were deployed.

Several dummy ships were constructed for testing and presentation purposes of the great leap forward that this was for the Swedish air force, and the results easily exceeded all expectations. A number of direct hits were scored, sinking the targets instantaneously. Popular opinion strongly supported the continued expansion of this new weapon, and Karl Amundson was regarded as the Nils Holgersson of Sweden. The Riksdag vowed to continue supporting the Swedish Air Force with a large budget to acquire the training and equipment needed to fulfill the Swedish objective.
 
You must log in or register to reply here.
Top Bottom
Back