Rank and File
A Clerk’s War
Wednesday 8th to Tuesday 14th October 1941
Berlin
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Joachim von Ribbentrop, who has been very quiet lately, flagged an important announcement in Berlin on the morning of the 8th. What could it be? Has Finland succumbed to our long and expensive diplomatic campaign and joined the Axis? Has the USA confirmed its neutrality? Has a Ukraine government been recognised by Germany? Nothing so exciting. In a magnificent hall festooned with flags and bunting, the Minister announced we have a new ally: Yunnan.
The response was less than he expected. Instead of rousing cheers and applause, one half of the crowd of dignitories was asking the other half “Where is that?”
Perhaps the news was better received in Tokyo: the addition of 30 infantry, 6 cavalry and half a dozen militia brigades to the forces ranged against the Kuomintang will be welcome I’m sure. Particularly as the new threat comes from an unexpected direction: the west.
Overnight the results of a few battles arrived in Berln. A close fought win in Lotoshino, a resounding victory in Ul’janovo and a crushing defeat in Novotrovitske combined to force OKH to re-evaluate the objectives of several army groups. For once action was swift: a series of orders was issued before 9AM.
The situation is reviewed
The critical sector
The nagging irritation to the right flank of the Österreich Army caused by the Soviets in the Crimea is to be addressed. General Höhne is to pull the Ukraine Army back and avenge Novotroviske and then push for Sevastopol. With his flank covered, von Kluge is to take Österreich Army straight east, to Stalino. Responsibility for Mariupol has been handed to the Hungarians, who have also been given the ambitious target of Rostov-on-Don. Finally, to maintain pressure on the Russians further north, Guderian and the Balkans Army are to continue their push east to Voronez.
But one area has priority: Moskva.
The supply and airbase issues in Russia are slowly improving. The airfields at Minsk have been expanded, and infrastructure in Sarata, Slobozia, Putyla, Suceava, Chernivtsi, Horodenko, Sniatyn and Iwanicze has been improved. (Spain was not forgotten – the bottleneck at Irún has also been addressed).
Far in the north at Suojärvi, with the temperature just above freezing, the Sturm-Marines finally stopped the Sinkiang attacks. For lightly armed troops trying to push back some of our best trained soldiers, Di1 Shi did very well. More than200 of Jahn’s battle-hardened veterans died repelling the waves of attackers: we will not underestimate them again.
But 2nd Marine-Sturm showed its professionalism. As the Sinkiangese licked their wounds, Jahn ordered a counter-attack into Pitkaranta. Osman Batur, commander of Zin’jinag JEtuan 1, had placed his only combat division in reserve, and the defence collapsed. The courage of the Sinkiang troops could not help them when facing the discipline and training of the marines.
4.ID “Falkenberg” will not forget the battle for Svir’stroj. Denisov and his men showed the stubborn resistance that we know Soviet troops can display. Only when von Küchler received assistance from the neighbouring divisions did he overcome the half-starved defenders.
Böttcher’s marines also got back into action, albeit briefly. The battle of Krasnaya Gora saw 78 Strelkovaya quickly shown that 1st Marine-Sturm Division meant business.
Polen Army Nord (von Manstein)
Supply is starting to be an issue at the front: General Curtze complained he had barely enough ammunition to mount his attack into Staroye. It was fortunate that 36 Kaveleriy was completely outclassed, as after just 12 hours fighting (which was enough to see off the Russian horsemen) 20.ID (mot) ground to a halt. Not from lack of fuel: there was plenty of that. But there was not a spare round of ammunition nor a crate of food in the province.
General Zashibalov did his best in Likhoslavl’, helped by the near exhaustion of Kalmukoff’s men. Several divisions were called in by the Soviets but 88.ID had already done enough damage to make the outcome certain. One province closer to Kalinin.
Tightening the noose around Kalinin (I still prefer Tver – I don’t care that the Communists decided to honour one of their heroes), Neuling made a lighting march into Kryuchkovo. 316 Strelkovaya was completely unprepared and woefully understrength and when Neuling ordered his men to keep going through the night General Krylov could not keep control. His men fragmented and fled. The fighting was not over yet, though. 71.ID still had to overcome 48 Strelkovaya which made a last attempt to protect Kalinin. It was a short sharp tussle and then Neuling had another victory.
An hour after Neuling made his attack, to the southwest of Kalinin Brandt’s 104.ID (mot) made an inrush into Volga. This was a far bigger mouthful to digest. Kondrusev had a decent infantry division (18th Strelkovaya) and an experienced cavalry unit (3rd Bessarabskaya) and he used his men well. For four days Brandt struggled forward as Kitzinger’s bombers dropped tonnes of explosives on the defenders. Two more divisions were thrown into the battle before the Russians could take no more. Even so it was a fairly even fight, and a sign that the resistance is stiffening.
Tough going: General Brandt and 104.ID (mot) enter Volga
There are still many Soviet units, however, that have not stabilised after the long retreat from the Ostsee. 44.ID had no problems in Kuzovino, throwing out Badanov and 90 Strelkovaya in a day or so. General Eike had a similar experience in Rochinok, beating the Soviets in a few hours.
General Agricola, commander of the joint Nord/Sud operation in Kozel’sk would have given his right arm for such a result. 72.ID and 105.ID (mot) were forced to draw on all their reserves of courage as they fought more than 60,000 Ivans. With no reinforcements during the 6 day battle, Agricola’s lightning pincer attack was turned into two separate battles of attrition. We won, but at an enormous cost. 72.ID has pulled back into the forests of Dudorovskiy to recover, while 105.ID (mot), which had things a little better, is resting in Kozel’sk.
South of Moskva, von Pannwitz pushed closer to another major city: Tula. Five Soviet divisions barred his way through Suvorov but they were all on the verge of collapse. Only three hours were needed, even though the number of Soviet troops present rose to nearly 70,000. Sheer numbers will not be enough to protect the industrial cities of Russia.
Assisting in the drive for Tula, von Both and 68.ID are fighting in Belev. The attack started early on the 14th and from recent reports it will be continuing for some time. 198 Motorizavannaya is holding back our infantry while thousands of Ivans escape east.
To assist Polen Army Sud in its assault on Moskva, 5th Panzer Division set out from Lotoshino to clear Klim of Vinogradov’s cavalry. It was hardly a fair fight, but to General Kleinheisterkamp’s surprise 32 Kavaleriy did not just break and run. After an afternoon of fighting, our panzers are still meeting opposition as they try to move forward during the night. There is no doubt that Klim will be ours, but such stubborn resistance is annoying.
The last battle to begin on the 14th was far to the north, in Gnezdovo. 44.ID left the assembly areas at 10PM and in two hours fightng to midnight have 90 Strelkovaya reeling. 71.ID is moving up to join the battle, but it may be all over before they can catch up with Barckhausen’s men.
There were few battles started in the 8th, but one led to the capture of a precious airbase at Kaluga. Müller used his infantry and artillery well but the town was held by a single garrison division and was soon captured. Fighting continued into the early hours of the 9th, but 10.ID was already at work repairing the air strips.
Entry to a fortified bunker guarding the air field approaches
To ensure that the critical airbase was secure, von Salmuth was ordered to drive Pavlov and his armoured division from Soskensiy. Von Salmuth was given 7th Panzer, 1st leichte and 52.ID with which to carry out this task, a sign of the importance placed on it by General Rommel. As it turned out, the danger was overrated: Pavlov’s three divisions were in no condition to threaten anyone. It took a little longer than expected and von Salmuth was driven to request more support (both on the ground and from the air) but early on the 10th Pavlov was forced to pull back.
Even with more than 40,000 men under his command (75.ID remained with him) von Salmuth found fresh opposition in Soskensiy. General Kirponos, still leading his “Turkestanskaya” division, took on the immensely powerful Kampfgruppe. Possibly brave, definitely rash. In one afternoon more than 450 Russians died, and the advance was hardly slowed.
Goliath beats David: the battle for Soskensiy
General Rommel is no doubt ecstatic as it his men who began the assault on the Soviet capital. Command of this, the culmination of months of combat, had been given to an unlikely candidate, General Hansen. He is little known and of only moderate experience with no particular skills, but with his own 16.ID (mot) and Steiner’s 3rd PzD he moved into the outer suburbs of Moskva after dark on the 11th October. It will be some time before he can receive reinforcements though supply is plentiful. The Russians have more than 30,000 men in the city and no-one expects them to give in easily. With winter sweeping from the north-east, this will be a race against time. Can our men, fighting on a limited front, defeat a stubborn defender before the storms and blizzards nullify our air superiority?
To widen the access to Moskva, General Müller struck the Russians in Obninsk, south of the capital. Only a single motorised division backed by some cavalry held this area, and at the end of the 14th Müller was confident that victory was within his grasp.
With Polen Army Nord attacking south from Lotoshino, General Harpe attacked northeast into Zavidovskiy Zapovedruk. Here too resistance was more spirited than expected. 44,000 men, no matter how disorganised, are difficult to move, but 3rd leichte Panzer has broken through the front and reports that the Russians are starting to withdraw.
Guderian, while reorganising his focus on Voronez, still allowed his generals some leeway. This let Altricheter continue into Zalegoshch’, even though it was not on the new axis of advance. Using his self-propelled artillery offensively, Altrichter acted as though his motorised infantry were shock troops. Gamanik’s men never recovered from the initial impact and were routed before midnight on the 8th.
If Gamanik thought that by evacuation his HQ (3ya Armiya) from Zalegoshch he had bought time he had a rude shock. Barely had he arrived in Pokrovskoye than Höpner’s tanks moved in from Zmiyevka. At least Gamanik now had something better with which to protect his administrative staff. 57 “Uralskaya” and 129 Strelkovaya had had a chance to recover and were in no mood to back down from a confrontation with 4th leichte Panzer. But back down they did, after just a day’s fighting, and Gamanik’s HQ was on the move again.
General Schack has been given the task of clearing a path through Mtensk to allow a group of Balkans Army divisions to head southeast towards Voronez. It is not clear if he knew what he was facing. 106.ID found the going quite tough and fighting is continuing. 98.ID is now supporting the attack (having finally won the battle for Chern’) and things are improving, but Schack’s unit may have to pay a heavy price for the province.
The long and bloody fight for Kolpny is over. General Bieß can claim another victory, but at what a cost. 10.ID “Bitburg” was so badly damaged that it has been withdrawn from action and sent to the rear for rest and refit. 2.ID “Vorwärts” and 2nd Panzer have occupied Kolpny, or what is left of it. “Sivashskaya” and 238 Strelkovaya made us pay for every metre of ground.
“Vorwärts” did not stay still for long, the aggressive General Ruoff keen to keep moving east. Together with 112.ID (mot), he entered Dolgoye at dusk on 12th October. During the night the outnumbered defenders were routed for minimal cost. Later that day 81 Motorizavannaya tried to block Ruoff’s advance but it too was quickly despatched.
South-west of Kharkov General Meise and 345.ID (mot) took over the attack on Valky which had been planned by the Italians. 14a Divisione “Isonzo” performed well, in the night fighting, which saw two Soviet divisions flee to Zhymiyiv. Kharkov is now virtually undefended: a single garrison division all that is left in the city.
For a few hours General Sharokhin must have thought that 139 Strelkovaya could hold off Jodl’s 100.ID (mot), but the arrival of 4th leichte Panzer was too much for his infantrymen. Their withdrawal from Pokrovskoye was well handled, however, and although under extreme pressure the Russians lost relatively few men in the retreat.
Early on the 14th the assault on Kharkov began. Only one division was sent into the city: 36.ID (mot). Guderian may have thought that Herzog’s veterans would be able to deal with the barely trained conscripts our intelligence had identified as being the sole defenders. They got a rude shock. 186 Strlekovaya may be a simple garrison unit, but its morale is high and its men are prepared to die rather than retreat. Similarly, General Dedaev is inexperienced, but he has a gift for defence and his plans have been effective. Very little progress has been made during the day.
Kharkov: General Dedaev has been busy with his defences
1st Italian Expeditionary Army (Pintor)
There was a brief flurry of excitement when Corpo d’Armaro Alpino announced that Beraudo di Pralormo had taken 3a Divisione Alpina “Julia” into Chutove. Were the Italians about to make their big push for Kharkov? Only a few hours we were told it was a false alarm. After a brief clash with Pliev’s 163rd Motorizavannaya the Italians withdrew.
The excitement was not displaced, just a bit early. Dawn on the 11th, General Messe with his own 1a Divisione Alpina “Taurinese” as well as Reverberi’s 21a Divisione “Granatieri di Sardegna”, attacked 221 Motorizavannaya in Krasnohrad. The Italians have lost many men fighting for this inconsequential province that for some reason the Soviets seem keen to retain. At least this time the Italians had a quick if expensive win, with hostilities ceasing before nightfall the following day.
Österreich Army (von Kluge)
Zhmanchenko did much better than we expected in Poltava, inflicting relatively high casualties on 27.ID. He could not alter the outcome of the battle, however, as his men were simply too far gone to hold off a determined attack commanded by someone as experienced as Feketehalmy-Czeyder.
After the debacle in Novotrovitske which saw 162.ID lose nearly 1,400 men, Heißmeyer needed weeks to repair the damage to his division. General Baranov was not going to give him that respite, and 19 Tankovaya counter-attacked into Novooleksiyivka. Heißmeyer and his men were unable to mount more than a token defence and within hours they were moving back across the Dnepr to Nova Khakhovka.
To the surprise of everyone, except just himself, Petzel won the battle of Novomoskovosk. Having crossed the Dnepr, his men fought like tigers to expand their bridgehead. Joined first by 26.ID, then 3rd Gebirgsjäger, he gradually pushed back the Soviets. He has now cleared the area of hostile troops.
Von Bock, noting that Stumme’s 3rd schwere Panzer Division was not engaged in action, persuaded Höhne to “lend” the Tigers to him for the assault on Mariupol. The request paid off as the additional weight helped 111.ID smash Popov’s 14th Tankovaya in a matter of hours.
While Petzel consolidated his hold on Novosomosk, Brand pushed on into Pavlohrad. The impetus of the dawn attack was enough to convince Obukhov that he could not hold the province, and 127 Strelkovaya joined the exodus to the east. It could be that Österreich Army has weathered the storm and will be able to make significant gains during the last weeks of autumn.
Further evidence of a weakening defence came in Krasnoarmiys’k. General Bader reported that 144 Strelkovaya had been reduced to just over 5,000 men and was not able to resist his attack for more than a couple of hours.
Are Soviet losses are starting to be reflected at the front?
It seems General von Bock was impressed by the performance of Stumme’s Tigers. When he was assigned the task of taking Stalino he requested assistance from 4th schwere Panzer Division. Konev’s 21st Tankovaya was not as fragile as Popov’s armour, and 111.ID is taking steady losses as it moves into the city. Von Bock is hedging his bets in his reports: he is demanding massive Luftwaffe support to ensure victory.
Army of the Ukraine (Höhne)
Höhne seems to be having difficulty in extracting his divisions from the east and turning them south to the Crimea. General von Vietinghoff gennant Scheel attacked Polohy at dawn on the 11th, several days after OKH issued the new orders. Perhaps the commander of 3rd schwere Panzer Division could be excused, as Tsinchenko and 18 Tankovaya must have been an attractive target: they collapsed after just 2 hours of combat.
Finalised Battles for the period 8th to 14th October 1941
Lotoshino: 317 (21,333): 381 (72,449)
Novotrovitske: 1,374 (9,991): 472 (19,998)
Ul’janovo: 60 (21,518): 591 (76,979)
Kaluga: 59 (9,997): 157 (9,997)
Zalegoshch’: 33 (9,997): 108 (23,801)
Poltava: 224 (9,496): 337 (23,801)
Chutove: 9 (5,997): 1 (7,998) (Italian)
Soskensiy: 420 (41,989): 810 (24,346)
Pokrovskoye: 150 (10,000): 214 (18,053)
Staroye: 27 (9,996): 115 (5,997)
Suojärvi: 206 (9,462): 783 (9,992)
Pitkaranta: 0 (9,256): 14 (10,210)
Novooleksiyivka: 52 (8,627): 47 (9,932)
Likhoslavl’: 3 (9,995): 414 (26,008)
Chern’: 857 (19,994): 910 (10,000)
2nd Soskensiy: 33 (59,526): 461 (8,977)
Novomoskovosk: 667 (29,973): 495 (24,719)
Svir’stroj: 1,015 (19,982): 915 (29,003)
Kryuchkovo: 43 (9,995): 30 (7,017)
Volga: 300 (29,986): 382 (16,992)
Polohy: 75 (9,456): 132 (9,998)
Krasnohrad: 209 (27,301): 126 (14,578) (Italian)
Mariupol: 95 (19,122): 233 (9,920)
Kolpny: 1,801 (19,979): 1,388 (16,420)
Kuzovino: 40 (9,992): 94 (9,265)
Rochinok: 28 (10,000): 51 (9,797)
Kozel’sk: 3,514 (19,998): 3,645 (61,113)
Krasnaya Gora: 36 (9,927): 47 (7,696)
2nd Kryuchkovo: 38 (10,000): 36 (8,996)
Suvorov: 158 (10,000): 182 (68,350)
Dolgoye: 63 (17,984): 116 (10,994)
2nd Dolgoye: 66 (9,975): 99 (7,317)
Valky: 37 (15,989): 71 (15,858) (30 Italian)
Pokrovskoye: 40 (19,988): 38 (10,000)
Pavlohrad: 68 (9,992): 78 (7,973)
Krasnoarmiys’k: 7 (8,173): 24 (5,371)
Total Battlefield Casualties for the period 8th to 14th October 1941
Hungarian:
Nil
Italian:
248
German:
11,876
Russian:
13,997
Prior Casualties
Hungarian: 2,731
Italian: 6,862
German: 361,822
Russian: 398,843
Total Battlefield Casualties to date
Hungarian: Nil + 2,731 =
2,731
Italian: 248 + 6,862 =
7,110
German: 11,876 + 361,822 =
373,698
Russian: 13,997 + 398,843 =
412,840
Bombing Summary for the period 8th to 14th October 1941
Luftwaffe
After an event-free day of bombing on the 8th, the Luftwaffe took heavy losses over Kaluga the following day. 7th Kampffliegerkorps lost about 50 bombers while shooting down 18 fighters.
Lotoshino: Keller with 7th Kampffliegerkorps: 177
Lotoshino: Grauert with 4th Kampffliegerkorps: 76
Novomoskovosk: Dörstling with 6th Kampffliegerkorps: 265, 280, 220, 309, 180 (1,254)
Poltava: Müller-Michels with 5th Kampffliegerkorps: 123, 193 (316)
Soskensiy: Kitzinger with 3rd Kampffliegerkorps: 174, 284, 129, 262 (849)
Soskensiy: Grauert with 3rd and 4th Kampffliegerkorps: 200, 358 (558)
Synelnykove: Rapaich with 1 Légihadsereg: 141, 66, 73, 141, 141, 66, 133, 165, 212, 170 (1,308)
Synelnykove: Udet with 3rd Schlachtfliegerkorps and 1 Légihadsereg: 158, 218, 207, 170, 264, 157 (1,174)
Kaluga: Keller with 7th Kampffliegerkorps: 123
Chutove: Müller-Michels with 5th Kampffliegerkorps: 76, 146 (222)
Mtensk: Müller-Michels with 5th Kampffliegerkorps: 200, 321, 301 (822)
Kolpny: Müller-Michels with 5th Kampffliegerkorps: 300, 358, 125, 190, 302 (1.275)
Volga: Grauert with 3rd and 4th Kampffliegerkorps: 133, 372, 80 (585)
Kozel’sk: Löhr with 2nd Schlachtfliegerkorps: 172
Moskva: Grauert with 4th Kampffliegerkorps: 253, 357 (610)
Moskva: Löhr with 2nd Schlachtfliegerkorps: 287
Moskva: Sperrle with 1st Kampffliegerkorps: 366, 202 (568)
Volga: Kitzinger with 3rd Kampffliegerkorps: 245, 357, 122, 318 (1.042)
Volga: Grauert with 4th Kampffliegerkorps: 210, 348 (558)
Dolgoye: Müller-Michels with 5th Kampffliegerkorps: 70
Pavlohrad: Rapaich with 1 Légihadsereg: 133, 286 (419)
Obninsk: Löhr with 2nd Schlachtfliegerkorps: 216, 106 (322)
A Russian supply convoy caught by our bombers
VVS
Soviet bombers were not seen until midday on 10th when a group were detected heading for Deryagino. More than a thousand interceptors met them and Zhigarev wisely aborted the mission. A day later Smushkevich tried once more to hit Deryagino, Waber again turned the aircraft back.
Total Bombing Casualties for the period 8th to 14th October 1941
Hungarian:
Nil
Italian:
Nil
German:
Nil
Russian:
12,787
Prior Bombing Casualties
Hungarian: 128
Italian: 65
German: 5,222
Russian: 267,853
Total Bombing Casualties to date
Hungarian: Nil + 128 =
128
Italian: Nil + 65 =
65
German: Nil + 5,222 =
5,222
Russian: 12,787 + 267,853 =
280,640
East Front at the end of 14th October 1941
Total East Front Casualties for the period 8th to 14th October 1941
Hungarian: Nil + Nil =
Nil
Italian: 248 + Nil =
248
German: 11,876 + Nil =
11,876
Russian: 13,997 + 12,787 =
26,784
Prior Casualties
Hungarian: 2,849
Italian: 6,927
German: 367,044
Russian: 666,696
Total East Front Casualties
Hungarian: Nil + 2,849 =
2,849
Italian: 248 + 6,927 =
7,175
German: 11,786 + 367,044 =
378,920
Russian: 26,784 + 666,696 =
693,480