New York City
April 26, 1862
Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis spent the first few years of their lives less than 100 miles apart from each other. Both men had been born in Kentucky. Their lives would take them in different directions until they were finally pitted against each other as rival national leaders.
Today, they were meeting for the first time at the British consulate in New York City. The British government had offered to mediate while the US and CS negotiated peace. Prime Minister Palmerston had sent his foreign secretary Lord John Russell to act as mediator.
President Lincoln didn’t like the fact that he had been forced to the negotiating table by the British government. British ambassador to the US, Lord Richard Lyons, had made it clear after the Confederate victory in Pennsylvania that if Lincoln didn’t stop and negotiate a peace with the CS, then he risked possible war with Great Britain.
Abraham Lincoln, often a melancholy man to begin with, had been in the depths of a deep depression ever since he had evacuated Washington. His private secretary John Hay noted to a friend that “I fear Mr. Lincoln’s heart, just like our nation, is breaking apart.”
Now, the president of the defeated United States sat with several advisors. Across the table sat President Jefferson Davis and his advisors. The two presidents locked eyes for a moment and nodded to each other politely.
“Gentlemen,” Lord Russell began, “you know why we have brought you here today. It is the hope of Her Majesty’s government that we can help to bring an end to the bloody conflict that has befallen this continent. Since the CSA seems to have the upper hand in the conflict, we shall start by hearing what concessions they wish the United States to make.”
The Confederate Secretary of State, Judah P. Benjamin, spoke up for President Davis. “The Confederate States asks, first and foremost, to be left alone. We ask for the United States to recognize our independence, and stop its aggressive attempt to force us back into the Union.”
Lincoln and his men seemed resigned to the fact that the Southern states had been lost. It was Benjamin’s next demand that made Lincoln and William Seward howl in protest.
“We also ask,” Benjamin said, “for all of the states and territories that rightly belong in the Confederacy. That includes Kentucky, which has already seceded; Missouri, Maryland, Delaware, the part of Virginia that you call West Virginia, and the western territories.”
“Now you wait just a minute, sir!” William Seward shouted. We’re willing to concede that Kentucky no longer wants to be part of the United States. However, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware have not joined your cause. Further, West Virginia despises you so much that they left the Confederacy on their own. You have no right to those states.”
“Confederate soldiers currently occupy Maryland and Delaware, Mr. Secretary,” Davis said. “They are slave states. They are more at home with us than with you.”
“If you think the United States will roll over for you…Rebels,” Seward said “rebel” as it were the most vile word in the world, “then you are wrong, sir.”
“Are you prepared to fight us for them?” Benjamin asked. “We’ve already chased you out of Maryland and Delaware. Do you think we will not be able to keep you out? General Lee has already chased you out of Washington City, and your provisional capital of Philadelphia. If you wish to continue this war, he will chase you out of New York, as well…”
“Enough!” Davis brought his hand down on the table with a splat, and managed to startle both Seward and Benjamin into silence. It was obvious that the two secretaries of state had the two biggest egos in the room. “I think we may be able to get things done a little easier if just President Lincoln and I negotiated without your….assistance. Lord Russell would, of course, stay with us in his role of mediator
“I have to admit,” Lincoln said in his squeaky prairie voice, “that I agree with President Davis.”
“But, sir…” Seward began to protest.
“I think we can make more progress if Mr. Davis and I discuss things president to president.”
Reluctantly, the advisors left the room. When it was just Lincoln, Davis, and Russell, Lincoln spoke again.
“Let’s dicker,” he said to Davis. “The United States will not give up West Virginia, Maryland, or Delaware. On that point, sir, I will not yield.
“We occupy Maryland and Delaware. Both are slave states. You must see the reasoning behind our demand that they be ceded to the Confederacy.
“You can understand, President Davis, the humiliation the United States would endure if we have to cede our capital to another nation.” Lincoln looked, to Davis, like an utterly defeated man. He almost felt sympathy for him.
But for a simple twist of fate, Davis thought,
I could be the one trying to prevent my country from being carved up.
“Please,” Abraham Lincoln continued, “give up your claims to Maryland, and Delaware. If you do, I will be willing to cede Missouri, as well as the western territories, to the Confederate States.”
“And what of West Virginia?” Davis asked.
“The people of West Virginia seceded from Virginia fair and square. Surely you, Mr. Davis, recognize the right of a state, or…a portion of a state, to secede if it so chooses.”
“Can I get you both to agree that among the disputed states, the US will keep West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, and the CS will be allowed to keep Kentucky, and be awarded Missouri, and the western territories?”
Davis looked almost as if were ready to protest, but caught himself. “Agreed,” he sighed.
“Splendid!” Russell replied. “Now moving on to the issue of fugitive slaves….”
Excerpt From Richmond Dispatch
June 3, 1862
WAR ENDS
By a close vote, the United States Senate voted to ratify the treaty of Manhattan yesterday. The vote effectively ends the war between the United States and the Confederacy. The Confederate Army has not traded a shot with Union soldiers since the mutual cease fire announced on April 13 of this year.
The vote came after a month of fierce debate that threatened to break out in violence more than once. Many in US President Lincoln’s own party have bitterly opposed the treaty, and it caused many in Lincoln’s cabinet to resign. The Confederate Senate ratified the same treaty in late May.