Philetairos Attalid had served as governor of Asia for Antigonos the One-Eyed when he died. In the years preceding his death, more and more provinces escaped his control, as the other Diadochi commanded his attention. When the Asian Greeks demanded freedom, he granted it. On his deathbed, Antigonos Monophtalmos also granted Pergamon its freedom, with Philetairos Attalid as the ruler. Once Philetairos received the news, he began to prepare, because he knew that without lands, allies and riches, the cursed Macedonians would take his precious city soon.
When Philetairos arrived in Pergamon as its ruler for the first time, it was barely more than the city istelf and its pastures.
However he had prepared well and he soon found an extremely skilled mercenary at the head of a big band. In the mean time, a civil war had broken out, and the rebels sat safely in Abydos. Phuletairos saw his chance, and he attacked the rebbelious Aeolians and defeated them in battle. Soon thereafter he attacked the other side in the Aelioan civil war since they were severly weakened. The Ionians had come to help their allies, the Aeolians, but they too were defeated, and soon Philetairos' domain extended from the Hellespont the coast down to Miletos.
Soon Philetairos set his eyes onto Miletos, the city of the great mathematician Thales, for the city was weak, and its allies weaker still. Soon, after a series of battles, Pergamon emerged as the victor, and Miletos and most of Caria fell under its dominion.
Emboldened by his previous successes, Philetairos thought he could succed where even the Besieger had failed: Rhodes. The beautiful city, with its Acropolis and Statue to Helios, were to become one of the crown jewels of his realm. This was the thought of Philetairos, and he attacked the Rhodians. While his campaign was not a failure, he didn't succeed where he wanted, and could only seize the remaining coast of Caria that was not under his rule.
Around this time, Philetairos befriended two men, both Macedonian. One governed Tharce, the other Antigonid Asia. Philetairos, with his usual charm, since how would his men follow him into battle so often, convinced his two friends to abandon their homelands, and to join him in his quest to establish a new realm, like Alexander once did. This convinced the two men, and hneceforth Pergamon controlled the passage between Thrace and Macedon and acquired the second part of its Asian dominion. In his reach to folow in his idol's footsteps, Philetairos followed the Egyptian practice of worshipping Alexander as his god of war.
Then he went and conquered the Asian greeks near the Bosporus, for it was his will. His will saw a border not pleasant to the eye, and that must have been resolved.
Discouraged by his defeat, Philetairos turned to his land and decided to improve it, for it was not to the task he decided it must do. Since he ascended to the throne 22 years ago, he had not failed like this.
While he had always been a pious man and knew a entertained populace was a happy polulace, he recognized the need to build more temples and theaters, for his people were growing in number. Under the aegis of Hermes, Dionysos Kathegemon and Athena new cities were created: among them Hiera Germe, its honey served even on the tables of the King, and Pionai, its glass so desired, that only the most noble of citizens could buy it.Their holy sites in Pergamon itself, Ilion, the mythical Troy, and Halikarnassos, the city with the marvel of a tomb.
He also reconized, that his Aeolian peoplealone wouln't be wnough, and that the local Macedonians and Mysians were necessary to pull his realm forward; thus he granted them citizenship. Other, smaller cultures, were not important enough to be anything more than freemen, and thus they remained freemen, the citizenship naught but a dream.
After Pergamon recovered and improved itself, Philetairos decided he would try his luck again, and take Rhodes this time. After years of warfare, the Lycians, Cretans and other allies of the Rhodians defending in the mountains and on the sea, he finally managed to take the city he dreamt about so long. Rhodes was finally his, and Crete was to become his vassal.
With the coast of Lycia and Rhodes under his control, Philetairos thought to connect his lands in Bythinia and Thrace, and off to war he went again. His wife was all too often alone, and so it was no surprise that he had not been with child, but she was faithful - yet her husband was not, for soon after he finished his conquest of Bythinia and Mariandynia, a son was presented to him, of his loins. He hid him, but ensured the kid could grow up and even recognized him as his son, years later. To flee his shame, he marched onto yet another city, and Kelainai and its dominion fell.
After defeating the Phrygians of Kelainai, Philetairos marched into Pamphylia. The war promised to be long and difficult, but unexpectedly the Egyptians declared war, their intent surely to retake the lost lands in Pisidia and Pymphylia that had betrayed them just a few years ago. Philetairos knew he couldn't waste anymore ressources on the forts of the Pamphylians, and withdrew with only Phaselis as his prize. Enraged that the egyptians dared to interrupt his conquest of new, rich lands, his armies marched to Kadoi and Sagalassos. Soon the two cities fell, but the armies couldn't push further into egyptian territory because the Egyptians had landed in Elaia and threatened his City of Parchment, and the vassasl in Kos threatened Rhodes.
Finally, the egyptian armies were driven back, and Kos was occupied, but just as Synnada fell to Philetairos' army, the Macedonians declared war, to conquer Rhodope, that was once gifted to Philetairos by his friend so many years ago. In a dilemma again, he sought peace with the Egyptians. The Egyptians, weary of war, gave him their Pisidian lands and the Island of Kos. Peace and Trade once more began to rule their relationship.
The Macedonians were beaten decidedly at Amphipolis and Abdera, but their reinforcements were strong. Philetairos and the Macedonians agreed that no firther bloodshed was needed. A white peace was decided upon.
Now that his forces were free again, and after they recovered, Pergamon once more beheld the lands of Pamphylia in her gaze, and soon she marched to war again. This time, Pamphylia would be conquered for good.
In the decades since the conquest of Bythinia much had happened, and on the eve of his life, Philetairos could proudly watch back, and see the realm he had built up, through his and his people's hard work. Among others, he had bought the port city of Trapezous on the coast of the Black Sea. Pergamon released it as a vassal, for she knew that it would be more useful indepeendant. Philetairos wife sadly passed away, but he remarried. His only legitimate child, a daughter, was the fruit of their union. And while he had recognized his bastard son, it would be his much more capable nephew, Eumenes, who would inherit the throne. Philetairos had been king for 40 years now, and his succession was decided.
Now 82 years old, after 55 years of rule, of war and peace, of building and destroying cities, the soul of Philetairos Attalid left his body, and his nephew Eumenes, son of his brother Eumenes, ascended to the throne. As was his uncle, so is Eumenes very capable and he has the necessary tool,s to continue his uncle's legacy.
When Philetairos arrived in Pergamon as its ruler for the first time, it was barely more than the city istelf and its pastures.
However he had prepared well and he soon found an extremely skilled mercenary at the head of a big band. In the mean time, a civil war had broken out, and the rebels sat safely in Abydos. Phuletairos saw his chance, and he attacked the rebbelious Aeolians and defeated them in battle. Soon thereafter he attacked the other side in the Aelioan civil war since they were severly weakened. The Ionians had come to help their allies, the Aeolians, but they too were defeated, and soon Philetairos' domain extended from the Hellespont the coast down to Miletos.
Soon Philetairos set his eyes onto Miletos, the city of the great mathematician Thales, for the city was weak, and its allies weaker still. Soon, after a series of battles, Pergamon emerged as the victor, and Miletos and most of Caria fell under its dominion.
Emboldened by his previous successes, Philetairos thought he could succed where even the Besieger had failed: Rhodes. The beautiful city, with its Acropolis and Statue to Helios, were to become one of the crown jewels of his realm. This was the thought of Philetairos, and he attacked the Rhodians. While his campaign was not a failure, he didn't succeed where he wanted, and could only seize the remaining coast of Caria that was not under his rule.
Around this time, Philetairos befriended two men, both Macedonian. One governed Tharce, the other Antigonid Asia. Philetairos, with his usual charm, since how would his men follow him into battle so often, convinced his two friends to abandon their homelands, and to join him in his quest to establish a new realm, like Alexander once did. This convinced the two men, and hneceforth Pergamon controlled the passage between Thrace and Macedon and acquired the second part of its Asian dominion. In his reach to folow in his idol's footsteps, Philetairos followed the Egyptian practice of worshipping Alexander as his god of war.
Then he went and conquered the Asian greeks near the Bosporus, for it was his will. His will saw a border not pleasant to the eye, and that must have been resolved.
Discouraged by his defeat, Philetairos turned to his land and decided to improve it, for it was not to the task he decided it must do. Since he ascended to the throne 22 years ago, he had not failed like this.
While he had always been a pious man and knew a entertained populace was a happy polulace, he recognized the need to build more temples and theaters, for his people were growing in number. Under the aegis of Hermes, Dionysos Kathegemon and Athena new cities were created: among them Hiera Germe, its honey served even on the tables of the King, and Pionai, its glass so desired, that only the most noble of citizens could buy it.Their holy sites in Pergamon itself, Ilion, the mythical Troy, and Halikarnassos, the city with the marvel of a tomb.
He also reconized, that his Aeolian peoplealone wouln't be wnough, and that the local Macedonians and Mysians were necessary to pull his realm forward; thus he granted them citizenship. Other, smaller cultures, were not important enough to be anything more than freemen, and thus they remained freemen, the citizenship naught but a dream.
After Pergamon recovered and improved itself, Philetairos decided he would try his luck again, and take Rhodes this time. After years of warfare, the Lycians, Cretans and other allies of the Rhodians defending in the mountains and on the sea, he finally managed to take the city he dreamt about so long. Rhodes was finally his, and Crete was to become his vassal.
With the coast of Lycia and Rhodes under his control, Philetairos thought to connect his lands in Bythinia and Thrace, and off to war he went again. His wife was all too often alone, and so it was no surprise that he had not been with child, but she was faithful - yet her husband was not, for soon after he finished his conquest of Bythinia and Mariandynia, a son was presented to him, of his loins. He hid him, but ensured the kid could grow up and even recognized him as his son, years later. To flee his shame, he marched onto yet another city, and Kelainai and its dominion fell.
After defeating the Phrygians of Kelainai, Philetairos marched into Pamphylia. The war promised to be long and difficult, but unexpectedly the Egyptians declared war, their intent surely to retake the lost lands in Pisidia and Pymphylia that had betrayed them just a few years ago. Philetairos knew he couldn't waste anymore ressources on the forts of the Pamphylians, and withdrew with only Phaselis as his prize. Enraged that the egyptians dared to interrupt his conquest of new, rich lands, his armies marched to Kadoi and Sagalassos. Soon the two cities fell, but the armies couldn't push further into egyptian territory because the Egyptians had landed in Elaia and threatened his City of Parchment, and the vassasl in Kos threatened Rhodes.
Finally, the egyptian armies were driven back, and Kos was occupied, but just as Synnada fell to Philetairos' army, the Macedonians declared war, to conquer Rhodope, that was once gifted to Philetairos by his friend so many years ago. In a dilemma again, he sought peace with the Egyptians. The Egyptians, weary of war, gave him their Pisidian lands and the Island of Kos. Peace and Trade once more began to rule their relationship.
The Macedonians were beaten decidedly at Amphipolis and Abdera, but their reinforcements were strong. Philetairos and the Macedonians agreed that no firther bloodshed was needed. A white peace was decided upon.
Now that his forces were free again, and after they recovered, Pergamon once more beheld the lands of Pamphylia in her gaze, and soon she marched to war again. This time, Pamphylia would be conquered for good.
In the decades since the conquest of Bythinia much had happened, and on the eve of his life, Philetairos could proudly watch back, and see the realm he had built up, through his and his people's hard work. Among others, he had bought the port city of Trapezous on the coast of the Black Sea. Pergamon released it as a vassal, for she knew that it would be more useful indepeendant. Philetairos wife sadly passed away, but he remarried. His only legitimate child, a daughter, was the fruit of their union. And while he had recognized his bastard son, it would be his much more capable nephew, Eumenes, who would inherit the throne. Philetairos had been king for 40 years now, and his succession was decided.
Now 82 years old, after 55 years of rule, of war and peace, of building and destroying cities, the soul of Philetairos Attalid left his body, and his nephew Eumenes, son of his brother Eumenes, ascended to the throne. As was his uncle, so is Eumenes very capable and he has the necessary tool,s to continue his uncle's legacy.
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