Chapter 30 : 'New strategy'
Reichsministerium für Bewaffnung und Munition, Berlin - 1940, September the 6th - 0930
Reichsminister Fritz Todt meets GeneralOberst Fromm, Chief of the ErsatzHeer.
- "General Fromm ! What a pleasure to see you. And quite a surprise too...
- Sorry for disturbing you, Herr Reichsminister, I know you're really busy.
- Ach was ! I assume you wouldn't have come if it wasn't important. So, what's your concern, Herr General ?
- My concernS, Herr Reichsminister. I would be lucky if I only had one.
As you may know, the campaign against England doesn't look good. Despite the success of the Luftwaffe, at a murderous cost I have to point out, I don't think that the invasion of the british isles will ever take place. Mostly due to naval and logistical concerns.
Anyhow, rumors and some clues indicate that the Führer is now looking East. It won't be long before we get involved in a major confrontation with the Soviet Union if you want my opinion...
- It would make sense, General. Right now, England is expecting either the USSR or the USA to join her side. If we can beat the Bolcheviks, there will be no remaining potential allies on the continent.
- First, we have to beat them, Herr Reichsminister !
And to achieve this, we're not only going to need new divisions, but also new weapons and equipment to replace the ones we've got right now and which are slowly getting obsolete. Furthermore, for such a major campaign, we also need huuuge stockpiles of supply.
- And you want to know if our industry is up to the task, right ?
General Fromm, I won't lie to you. Right now, we don't have the industrial capability to fulfill all the needs of the military. At least, not in the same time.
- I really don't understand why not. After the Fall of France, the Army seized huge quantity of french equipment and we're going to use them to supply our new motorized and armoured formations. I assumed a large part of the dutch, belgian and french industries are now working for us, aren't they ?
Benefits of the western campaign
- You're right, General, but up to a certain extend only.
Some people, here in Berlin, expected to increase our industrial capabilities in a range of 50 to 80%. That was the theory.
The practice is that it will barely reach 20% (
319 to 374 IC NotA). The annexation of some territories brought us some benefits, that is correct, but in most places of the occupied countries, the "collaboration" remains a waking dream.
- That bad ?
- Pretty much, General. They're still some good news. Our electricity production increased by 38% ; the steel production by 70% !!!
The production of rare materials also increased by nearly 40% but unfortunatly, it won't still be enough to cover all our needs. Same goes for crude oil. We heavily rely on our imports and despite this, it is not enough.
- Herr Reichsminister, it's getting too complicated. What does it mean ?
- Specifically, General, it means that our industry is running as high as possible but it won't last forever. It also means that we can fulfill the needs of the military but it will take time... roughly a year, probably a little bit more.
- If we have 8 months before the next "event", we could consider ourself to be lucky..."
Reichskanzlei, Berlin - 1940, September the 17th - 1100
The Führer meets Reichsmarschall Göring, CinC Luftwaffe, and GeneralFeldMarschall von Rundstedt, CO HeeresGruppe A.
- "Meine Herren, it's now time to decide if we start Unternehmen '
Seelöwe' ; according to our meteorologists, the most farourable period of time regarding the sea and wind conditions on and over the Channel will be from 19 to 26 September. Past this date, there will be alternate periods of calm and hazardous conditions. By the end of October, the force 8 winds expected in the Channel area will prohibit any non-seagoing craft from risking a crossing.
Göring, the point of view of the Luftwaffe ?
- Mein Führer, it's true that the Luftwaffe sustained heavy casualties but about one-third of them have been replaced. We have air control over the Channel and all airfields in southern England are still not operational.
Of course, we would need more time to fully recover but the Luftwaffe is able to conduct air support operations for the landing and the invasion.
- Alles schön und gut... But what about the battleship squadron still in Plymouth ? What if the Royal Navy suddenly irrupts in the Channel during the landing operations or even after ? Are you able to sunk the british ships before they destroy our invasion force or disrupt our supply lines ?
- ...................... Well, mein Führer, I can't garantee that for sure. Winning the control of the skies is just a prime-requisite but not the sole condition for success.
- That's exactly what GroßAdmiral
Raeder told me a few days ago. He stated that we don't possess the control of the sea nor are we in position to gain it in a very near future. GroßAdmiral
Raeder is far more in favor of operations against Malta or the Suez Canal to support our italian friends and to cut off british supply lines.
GeneralFeldMarschall von Rundstedt... As Commanding Officer of the invasion force, what do you think ?
- Mein Führer, the key of all this operation is... the logistic.
According to our last estimation and intelligence reports, the use of captured british ports, assuming all dockside equipment are going to be successfully demolished by the Brits, won't allow us to receive more than 60% of our supply needs. And THIS is a very optimistic picture, based on the for me unrealistic assumption of little or no interference from the Royal Navy.
There are still a lot of british troops in England, mein Führer, and heavy fighting are expected. If only after a few days, the Royal Navy is able to reach the Channel, it will cut off supplies and further reinforcements. Isolated and facing regular troops with armour and artillery, our invasion force will be forced to surrender...
- It's also my opinion. Unternehmen 'Seelöwe' is postponed until further notice.
Meine Herren, Sir dürfen gehen !"
ErsatzsArmee Hauptquartier, Leipzig - 1940, September the 20th - 0930
Meeting between GeneralOberst Fromm, Befehlshaber der ErsatzsArmee and General von Oven, General Inspekteur der ErsatzsInfanterie.
- "Na ? What's the situation in Holland, von Oven ?
- Nothing very serious, Herr GeneralOberst. A smal uprising.
The SD told us a few weeks ago we should expect something but our security forces have been surprized by the number of partisans involved. The local Feldgendarmerie has been completely overwhelmed in a couple of days.
- That bad ?
- Yeep. General
Christiansen,
BfH 'Nederland', was unable to send some of his troops over there so he asked General
Glokke, Kommandeur
Wehrkreis VI, for help.
- And ?
- General
Glokke had only the
Inf.-Rgt 59 from the former
19. ID available. But he also manage to requisition some panzer units of the nearby Paderborn Panzer School.
-
Panzer-Lehrgänge Paderborn... Is this the place where we're testing our new heavy tanks ?
- Genau die, Herr GeneralOberst. They're merely prototypes but Hell !!! Against partisans, these VK 36.01 are more than enough.
Actually, the bad surprise came from the air. The partisans got unexpected air support.
- ???
Resurgence of the Royal Navy
- The Royal Navy is not dead, Herr GeneralOberst. Coincidence or not, a british Task-Group, centered on the aircraft carrier '
Ark Royal', has been spotted in the North Sea and its aircrafts conducted some air-mud missions against our troops in Holland.
They didn't do much harm, however. Our fighters from Bremen cleared the skies real quick. Furthermore, General
Geissler's
X. Fliegerkorps was currently on R&R in
Wilhelmshaven. His aircrafts are now pounding the dutch positions with a deadly regularity ; a good exercise before their redeployment in Sicily...
- Well... It seems we've got the situation under control, mein lieber von Oven.
However, It also proves that we are strechted quite thin in this area. We should set up a decent reaction force in a near future...
- We're working on it, Herr GeneralOberst : a reaction force called "Valkyrie units". 4 IDs are planned at the moment but it will take some time to set them up."
AussenMinisterium (State Department), Berlin - 1940, October the 28th - 1400
Meeting between Foreign Minister von Ribbentropp and Admiral Canaris, Abwehr Chef (Head of Intelligence).
- "Guten Tag, Herr Reichsminister. Na, how was your trip in Spain and France ?
- Quoting the Führer, "
I would rather let me draw the teeth before returning to meet with Franco". Personnaly, I would formulate it as "very much disappointing", to say the least...
I grant you this journey was merely a probe to compare the relative cost of closer relationships with Spain and Vichy France but still... I was hoping for a bit more results.
We first met General
Franco at
Hendaye on October the 23rd. And this bastard was late !!! He let the Führer waiting ; could you imagine that ?!!
- I guess the spanish trains cannot be compared to the Reichsbahn.
- Could you please stop making jokes, Admiral ! It was deliberate.
I'm so angry ; after all what we've done for him in the past. Have you any idea what General
Franco asked for in return of his participation to the war ?
- Marocco, I guess. This french colonial territory is like a dorn in his foot.
- Not only Marocco. He also wanted Oran, french Guinea and, on the top of it, Gibraltar ! Furthermore, he mentionned that joining the Axis would jeopardize his relationships with Canada, his primary partner for crop, so he asked if the Reich was willing to deliver 100.000 tons of crop.
- Mhmmm... Nice move from
Franco...
- I beg your pardon, Admiral ?
- Herr Reichsminister : it is obvious that Spain didn't want to join our side... at least now. Because it would have been too dangerous for Franco to directly refuse, after all our troops are still in France for the most part, it was much better to put very hard conditions on the table ; conditions we would obviously not be able to fulfill...
And what about France ?
Meetings at Hendaye and Montoire-sur-le -Loir
- We've met Marshal
Pétain and Prime Minister
Laval in
Montoire the day after. But here again, we obtained nothing. The Führer might be satisfied with the result, however I consider this meeting as the greatest defeat of German policy with respect to France. With a little bit concessions of our side, we would now have a powerful ally. The ressentment against the Brits is very strong in France after the "incidents" of Mers-El-Kebir and Dakar in the last months. Even Prime Minister
Laval is on our side ; I mean, really !
- And Marshal
Pétain ?
- Hard to tell. He's a soldier and he expected France to be treated with honor. He just said that "a collaboration was envisioned between our two countries"… and that he "accepted it in principle". By using the passive form, it's obvious that he wants to take his distances.
He didn't even mention the treason of the local authorities in french Somalia. After the incidents of Oran and Alexandria, I was expecting some kind of reaction.
- Well, at least, the two major countries in western Europe remain friendly neutral. We might need that in a very near future, Herr Reichsminister.
- What happened ?
- I've just been informed that Italy launched Operation "
Emergenza G" this morning. Their troops crossed the Albanian-Greek border.
- What ?!! Without consulting us first ? El Duce has lost his mind or what ?
- He believes he's the new Cesar and wants to recreate the Empire of Rom. The "funny" part of this is, though closer to the United Kingdom within the last months, General
Metaxas always wanted to keep Greece out of the conflict. Furthermore, he had always been an admirer of Italy and had built strong economic ties with us...
- And now everything is ruined because of this fool of
Mussolini ! I just hope the OKW has some plans in its drawers ; I wouldn't be suprized if we have to intervene over there...
Talking about the Italians, any news from North Africa, Admiral ?
North african stalemate... for now
- So far, there have been no change ; our friends and allies are still blocked at
El Alamein. According to our ambassador in Rom, they're gathering troops and supply for a major offensive next month."
Luftwaffen Testing Ground, Rechlin - 1940, October the 29th - 1530
GeneralFeldMarschall Milch, Luftwaffen Inspector General, meets Heinrich Focke, Chairman of Focke-Achgelis & Co GmbH.
- "A wonderful machine indeed, Herr Focke. You're about to revolutionize the use of aircrafts !
- Danke sehr, Herr FeldMarschall. But without your help, nothing could have ever been possible.
- After seeing your Fw61 prototype in 1938, I was really impressed and it was my duty as State Secretary of the Reichsluftfahrtministerium to help you to carry on your research. Today, I'm glad to see I was right !
- Actually, this Fa-223 V1 is only a first prototype, Herr FeldMarschall.
Flight tests revealed severe vibration and poor low speed controllability, as well as other lesser problems, which were to be expected in such an advanced aircraft. It will take some time before we could be able to start the production of the 5 different variants we've planned. Within the next two years, we should be able to have, besides the obvious training version, a cargo carrier version (up to 2,000 pounds payload), a search and rescue version (fitted with a steel winch cable), a reconnaissance version (with long-range drop tank) and an ASW version (with depth charges) which could be deployed on our warships.
- As I said, Herr Focke... a real revolution !"
Marinestützpunkt, Wilhelmshaven - 1940, November the 3rd - 1800
Generaladmiral Carls, OB Marinegruppenkommando Nord, meets Konteradmiral Otto Klüber, his Chief of Staff.
- "Klüber, we have to do something. The resurgence of the Royal Navy in the Danish Straits is about to become a major threat to our communication lines with Norway. What's going on here ?
- Hard to tell, Admiral.
We know for sure that the british Task-Group, centered on the aircraft carrier
'Ark Royal', is making some incursions in this zone for over a month now.
We've ask the
5. Luftflotte in Norway to conduct some air raids against it but to no avail. The only air unit with enough firepower could have been the
X. Fliegerkorps but it has just begun its redeployment to Sicily and Reichsmarschall
Göring rejected all our requests.
- And while this fine gentleman is hunting in Karinhall, our convoys get slaughtered.
Sub hunting in the Danish Straits
- Not only our convoys, Admiral. The
5. U-Flottille, a training unit, has been almost completely whipped out 2 days ago. 6 boats !!!
- For sure, Vizeadmiral
Dönitz won't be pleased.
- He's squealing like a pig ! And the Kriegsmarine is incompetent, and we are just sunday warriors, and, and, and... The worst is... he's right !
- Didn't you have a plan to hunt and destroy this british carrier ?
- I did, Admiral. I was planning a sortie with the
Geschwader 'Deutschland' but our coastal defenses spotted some british light cruisers off the coasts of Friesland. I went suspicious to see such a small force so close to our coasts therefore I ordered some air recon'...
- And ?
- And... as I suspected, there was a huge british battleship squadron waiting for us. A well conceived trap, Admiral : a small carrier force to attract our surface raiders and a strong battleship force to destroy them. We got lucky... once again !
Since we didn't rise to the bait, the Brits just made a small demonstration off
Kiel and then withdrew.
- Well... Since we can't do anything, the best is to wait for better days.
Keep our convoys in port until then. If there's nothing valuable to destroy, the Brits will go somewhere else. There is enough supply in Norway for a month or two.
- Zu Befehl, Admiral."
ReichsFührung der SS, Berlin - 1940, November, the 20th - 1400
Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler meets Brigadeführer Gottlob Berger, Chef des SS-Hauptamtes.
- "Na, Berger ? What's going on with MY new germanic division ? The Führer is delighted by this idea and the Propaganda ministerium too.
- Same old issues, Herr Reichsführer, and new ones on the top of that.
- New ones ? EXPLAIN yourself !!!
- Herr Reichsführer, the number of "germanic" volunteers is far behind the expectations. Not even 1200 of the 5000 expected. We have to fill the gaps with german soldiers and, as you know as much as I do, the drawers are almost empty. This, added to the shortage of available equipment, makes my task quite difficult.
- I'll take care of that. Go on !
SS-Division 'Wiking' setting up
- The main frame of the division will be the
SS-regiment "Germania", from
SS-Division "Das Reich". Gruppenführer
Hausser was not pleased, obviously, to exchange one of his most experienced units against the "green horns" of the newly formed
SS-regiment 11...
Anyhow, I managed to find the men to set up the regiments
"Westland" and
"Nordland", as well as the divisional units. If you can provide us the required equipement, the division will be combat-ready next Spring, Herr Reichsführer. Gruppenführer
Steiner has been chosen to command the division.
Its name will still be "Germania" ?
- It might change : the Führer wish to find a more "north mythos" oriented name. May be
"Wiking"...
OKW Hauptquartier Wünsdorf - 1940, November the 25th - 1100
Meeting between Feldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel, Chief OKW, and General Alfred Jodl, Chief OKW General Staff.
- "You don't look good, mein lieber Jodl. You should try to get some sleep.
- Sorry, Herr Feldmarschall, but I didn't have time to do so in the last 4 weeks. Between the redeployment of our units in the East and the crisis in the Balkan region, there's no room left for R&R.
- Our italian friends are still in a bad situation down there ?
- It's getting better, Herr Feldmarschall. Thanks to their reinforcements, the Italians have been able to stop the greek offensive and they even managed to launch a counter-attack toward the coast.
Albanian Front - November 1940
As you can see, 2 greek divisions have been encircled SW of
Tirana and they won't resist very long.
- So, basically, they're just back to their starting positions a month ago, aren't they ?
- Right, Herr Feldmarschall. Troops and supply keep coming in from Italy so I think the Greeks won't no longer be able to invade Albania. Their troops have now adopted a defensive stance in the mountains along the border. Eventually, our friends will succeed but it will be costly both in matter of time and men and only if the Brits don't come to the rescue...
- We cannot aford a british intervention in this region. We should get prepared to solve this problem by ourself. Is
Unternehmen 'Marita' ready ?
- For the most part, Herr Feldmarschall. The
12. Armee and the
1. PanzerGruppe will start to redeploy in Roumania next month. A new unit, the
11. Armee, will be formed over there but will mainly act as support. That should be enough, provided the political situation doesn't change...
- You mean Yugoslavia ?
Don't be afraid, mein lieber Jodl. Sooner or later, people in Belgrad will understand where are their interests.
- In the Balkans, who knows what can happen, Herr Feldmarschall...
As a safety measure, I've ordered the
2. Armee to take positions not far from the german-yugoslavian border. You should talk to the Führer so we can get some hungarian support, may be bulgarian too. Just in case the yugoslavian don't "understand"...
- We really didn't need such a situation. To Hell with those italian allies !!!
By the way, what's the situation in Africa ?
- Still unchanged, Herr Feldmarschall. The Italians are about to launch a major offensive at
El Alamein and...
- Don't BS me, Jodl ! They're telling the same fairy tale for over a month now. What's the status of our planned expeditionnary corps ?
- You mean the
Afrika Korps, Herr Feldmarschall ?
Well, the units are just receiving, slowly, the special equipement for the desert. So I guess they will be ready within the next 2 months.
- Great. I'll clear that with the Führer and the Commando Supremo. We're going to rely on the italian navy to ship our troops over there. Not a funny perspective, if you understand me...
Who will be given the command of this
Afrika Korps ?
- Feldmarschall
von Brauchitsch will recommend General
von Manstein. General
Halder, on his side, would rather have General
Rommel.
- And what's your opinion ?
-
Von Manstein is highly capable but he's also such an arrogant bastard. On a remote location like Africa, I'm afraid he would be quite difficult to manage. I therefore would recommend
Rommel too.
- It's also my opinion. General
Rommel it is, then."
Hauptquartier BfH der U-Boote, Lorient - 1940, December the 3rd - 1500
Vizeadmiral Dönitz, Führer der U-Boote, meets Generaladmiral Saalwächter, CO MarineGruppenKommando West.
- "Guten Tag, Admiral. Are you getting bored in your HQ in Paris ?
- Not at all, mein lieber Dönitz. I'm on my way to
Brest to welcome
Hoffmann and his men.
- That's what I've heard. The Geschwader
'Scharnhorst-Gneisenau' has arrived in
Brest last night. A bold move, Admiral !
Naval engagement in the Channel
- We got lucky... again.
Hoffmann bumped unexpected into a small british Squadron heading for
Plymouth. The british heavy cruiser and her escort was no match for our two battlecruisers but the situation could have been worse if the Brits had made a sortie from
Plymouth : according to our last reconnaissance, they have 3 battleships and a bunch of cruisers over there !!!
- Their port installations on the southern coast are still in a very bad shape, Admiral. May be that's the reason why they didn't attempt to do something...
- It won't last forever, mein lieber Dönitz. The Royal Navy is far from being beaten. We've already seen its resurgence last month with the incursion in the Danish Straits. It's just a matter of time before british warships will again become a serious threat in the Channel. The Luftwaffe has to do something. Quickly !!!
- Admiral
Raeder already spoke to ReichsMarschall
Göring about that : unfortunatly, since the cancellation of
Unternehmen 'Seelöwe', the relationships between them aren't the best...
Besides, the Luftwaffe still has a hard time to replace the heavy losses sustained during the Battle of Britain and more and more units are redeploying east.
Thanks God, their cooperation is very active in the Atlantic : since August, the
KG 40, operating from
Bordeaux-Merignac, managed to sink
52 freighters and
19 escorts. From January onwards, there will be a rotation between the
KG 40 and the
FliegerFührer 'Atlantik' off the coasts of Spain. One month of operations, one month of R&R...
- Smart... I've heard your U-boats are doing great too.
- That's right, Admiral. Nothing to complain about it. Since I rebased the
2. and
7. U-Flottille in France, my men have added new feathers in their caps. As expected, shorter distance to their patrol zone reduced stress both on men and boats. And it paid off !
Kill zones in the Atlantic
We rotate the boats and crews on a monthly basis and these new electric powered torpedo work wonders. I'd love to have all my U-flotilas rebased in France but it will have to wait a little bit : infrastrutures concerns...
- Casualties ?
- Under our estimations I have to say, Admiral. 42 boats (
7 flotillas NotA) until today. The main concern right now is the increasing number of escorts protecting the convoys. We're learning but apparently the Allies are learning too...
Naval techs and research - December 1940
I've ordered to start a new training program as well as new research on both equipments and doctrines. This "Battle of Atlantic" is not only a matter of men but it's also a technology race.
We've already figured out that our Type II U-boats are totally obsolete. Two-third of our casualties are boats of this type. We need to replace them ASAP. Unfortunatly, we have the same problem as the Luftwaffe... Production !
- Seeing your record, I guess the Allies, mainly the Brits, will have the same concern too : an average of 80 freighters and nearly 30 escorts sunk each month since August... Not bad... Not bad at all, mein lieber Dönitz !
- I don't know if these numbers will be sufficient to severe their supply lines and to force them to ask for peace but, at least, they will have to divert a huge part of their industrial production to replace their convoys losses, Admiral.- Anyhow, the Geschwader Scharnhorst-Gneisenau will be able to help you very soon ; my Staff is currently working on the details of Unternehmen 'Berlin'..."