The Phony Wars
The conquest of Incas had severely damaged Portuguese reputation. Many countries began to view Portugal as an aggressor and an attacker of smaller countries. While major powers all wished to beat Portugal to the gold of Incas, on public they condemned the conquest. Portuguese King decided it was best to stop the conquests for a decade or two and instead focused on developing colonies in India and South America.
In January of 1550 his hopes of peace almost came to an end, when French declared war on English. Portugal had to support the aggression, but made peace with England as soon as possible. The war lasted another year; almost all operations were conducted in the southern France, Navarra and Savoy. Finally, French made peace with English, unable to score a major victory against them. English still paid 197,000 in war indemnities.
In the South America Portuguese armies began the campaign of extermination against natives who did not submit to Portuguese rule. In order to secure trade posts, the whole tribes were wiped out to the last men. By 1560 there were no independent Indians in the continent.
In December of 1552 Portuguese reached High Baroque level in infrastructure, which enabled them to promote governors to mayors. Inflation at this point ran at 15% and these promotions were able to bring it down to zero. Simultaneously, a major fortification effort was started in Southern America and in other parts of Portuguese empire.
In November of 1553 the former English alliance members turned against each other over Baltic trade privileges. On one side were England, Poland and Hanover; on the other – Hansa, Pommerania and Teutonic Order.
In the same month Suleyman again led his armies against the forces of Christendom, inflicting a severe defeat on Austrian armies at Vienna and forcing the surrender of Carnolia and Styria. In addition, Austria had to pay 250,000 in war indemnities. A year later the Sultan negotiated peace with Venetians, forcing them to cede Mantua.
The Emperor was not able to survive a blow like this and died from a heart attack. His Spanish possessions went to Phillip II, while the crown of Holy Roman Empire to Ferdinand I, who also got Austria and other Habsburg lands in Germany and Hungary.
Meanwhile, the Portuguese continued to work on improving economy, building naval equipments manufactory in Lima and Fine Arts Academy in Lisbon. In South America bailiffs were promoted in former Inca provinces.
In 1557 the whole country grieved as Portuguese beloved monarch Juan III died of the old age. While he was nothing like his father, Manuel "The Fortunate", he did a lot for his country. As his grandson, Sebastian, was still too young to rule, Catharina, his wife and sister to Carlos I of Spain, stepped on the throne and, as women often do, brought a period of instability (stability drop – 3) to the country.
Cuzco revolted and it became clear than promoting bailiffs in pagan provinces was a mistake. The Queen ordered the conversion of pagan Indians and it was carried out with unusual efficiency. The problem remained in the provinces where population exceeded 5,000, but an increase in stability provided a temporary solution.
In October of 1558 Navarra declared war on Spain. As expected, all members of two alliances honored their obligations. French, however, found it convenient to bail out of the war a month later.
Fifth Portuguese-Spanish War 1558-59
As in the last war, Spanish brought an overwhelming army to Andalusia and took Cadiz by assault. In turn, Portuguese conquered Austurias and Euskadia. In Americas Portuguese burned Spanish trading post in Mexico and attacked Spanish colonies on the island of Cuba. In the same it was noticed that Spanish were already in war with Aztecs. Fortunately, the latter defeated Spanish incursions to their territory and, in turn, burned Spanish trading posts along their northern border.
A year later Navarra fell to Spanish armies and was forced to cede Rousillion. The war was over without too much loss for Portuguese, but the Queen felt it was Portugal’s fault that Navarra lost a province. After all, it was possible to keep Spanish armies occupied in the south. Still, Spanish were out of southern Mexico, and if there was a victor between Spanish and Portuguese, it was the latter.
In India Portuguese were successful at bringing colonies at two provinces up to the status of full-grown cities. In 1560 Mem DaSa, a conqueror of Incas, died of an old age, having explored the Western shore of the Indian subcontinent up to the borders of Persia.
In March of 1561 Dutch declared their independence. In a following war with Spain they lost Zeeland, but retained Flanders. Soon, a new trading center opened in Holland.
Portuguese built another naval equipments manufacture in Algarve. In January of 1642 a new regent – Henrique – stepped on the throne of Portugal. His first major decision had to do with religious matter. In 1564 the Council of Trent ignited a new spirit of crusade against heretic Protestants. The bishops and cardinals returned from the meeting with a new sense of Church unity, preaching a reformation of Catholic Church from within and a crusade against Protestant Reformation. Thus, Counter-Reformation began. The first country to convert was Portugal, which saw an opportunity to decrease diplomatic penalty in case of an attack on Spain and get more colonists. In the same time Portuguese military land technology began to improve, as the new King was desperately trying to bring the army up to the standards of Spanish war machine.
As the Catholic World was struggling with internal heresy, Islam was marching triumphantly under banners of Ottoman Turkey. Suleyman the Maginificent brought his armies to the gates of Germany and Italy and only time would show if he could be stopped at all. However, most of Catholics viewed his struggle with Habsburgs favorably, and Portuguese one of the few, who cheered at Turkish victories.
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