Chase administered the oath on Monday, October 23. It must have galled him immeasurably to install his former colleague in the office he himself so desired. Lincoln's body was returned to Washington, where it was prepared for lying in state; by arrival Wade had issued two major executive orders. The first recalled to the colors twenty regiments, fifteen of them black, and most from the former Confederacy. The second established tighter guidelines for the Freedmen's Bureau, including establishing minimum wages for contracts. DuBois had described the Bureau as, at its formation, encompassing everything from "little despotisms,...slavery, peonage" through "business speculations" to "communistic experiments...organized charity, unorganized almsgiving"; the conditions it established and the precedents it set in the immediate postwar period would be important and enduring, the basis for the future interaction of all involved. Heretofore local agents had been given much latitude; thence forth their actions would be more closely circumscribed, ultimately by the president himself. No longer, so far as Wade could direct, would the agents force freedmen into the contracts as they did masters: "For whose hands but theirs," he thundered, "has built these grand plantations, and their reward only the lash--let them reap the just rewards of honest toil. This government will not force them into work, will not take up the lowered lash on behalf of rebels and traitors."