Rank and File
A Clerk’s War
Wednesday June 27th to Saturday 30th June 1940
With June 30th approaching, we have had a reversion to the end of month panic that used to take place when we had regular Cabinet meetings. If you remember, for many years it was the task of the administrative staff to prepare updates for each Ministry, to allow the Cabinet to review progress across the Reich. Luckily this month’s exercise is not as extensive (there is a war on, you know) but the Führer has agreed to a request by Minister Goebbels to examine the situation regarding our research investment. Goebbels wants to know how our knowledge levels are improving: as he is in charge of the allocation of scientists and engineers he claims he needs to know how much the Reich has gained from our research projects. (Though everyone knows he is just looking for ways to increase his own knowledge base – he could have invented the saying “Knowledge is power”). So there is a frenzy of activity here in the Reichskanzlei as we attempt to put together a package for each Minister to submit.
It wasn’t research, though, that was on the agenda today. A new motorised division (60.Infanterie (mot)) has been equipped and is ready for deployment. It has been sent immediately to the border with Spain, to Bayonne, where its commander, General Freßner, has orders to await for the arrival of 3rd Panzerkorps, its parent unit.
This Einheits-Diesel found the road to Bayonne a bit difficult, but 60.Infanterie (mot) reached its new base intact. Note the identification marker on the truck, signifying it is from a Signals unit (see the chart below)
A new round of memos were issued by different Ministers about the use of the industrial capacity now released. I am becoming more impressed with the ability of Minister Bayerlein to get his way in Cabinet. Up against a group of powerful and ambitious men, he has been able to get the bulk of the factories and labour assigned to his infrastructure projects. Major road and rail improvements will commence across Romania, creating pathways to the Russian border. Construction crews are being assembled in Tâgu Neamt, Botosani, Doruhoi, Berchomet, Radauti, Visen de Sus, Aiud, Sibiu and Câmpulung. In addition, three “prepackaged” air bases are to be put together, ready for installation where required. The only concession to the Heer was to allow a new garrison division to be called up.
After 4 days of Stukas circling above, the élite soldiers of 1 Brigada Montaña have had enough. (I have seen a staffeln of Ju 87B bombers practicing and have no desire to ever be on the receiving end of an attack. It seems as though every plane is heading straight at you, and the air sirens must be the cheapest way to destroy morale ever invented: the sound sucks the courage out of you). Jodl’s two motorised divisions are currently rolling into Ayora, just 91 men short of the original attacking force. The Spanish, however, lost 506, though many of those were the ill-trained headquarters troops of 6th Army HQ.
Enough to break the will of the bravest soldier: a Stuka drops its single 250kg and two 50kg bombs at the bottom of its dive
Over Fabero, there was a very rare event for Spain: a dogfight between opposing fighter formations. Christiansen’s two geschwader met Castaneau’s 1er Grupo Caza FARE and Grupo n.1 Caza FARE and, although outnumbered 191 to 131, our Messerschmitt Bf 109Es outclassed the I.15s and I.16s of the Spanish. If only we could hurry up the production of the replacement Bf 109E aircraft, we could really teach the Spanish pilots a lesson.
Late Wednesday more worrying news: advancing Republican forces have driven out our collaborators from Pont de Suert and are moving on La Pobla de Segur. With Rommel still ignoring the threat to his rear, OKH has intervened with some of the few troops in area under its direct control. Now that 60.Infanterie (mot) is in Bayonne (though still very weak as it waits for supplies and sets up its administration and logistics) 2nd Fallschirmjäger Division is not need to garrison the town and airbase, and so it has been ordered to move to St Jean-Pied-de-Port.
Spanish infantry move west, taking Pont de Suert, while our Fallschirmjägers leave Bayonne
Next day Haase and 7.Infanterie were on the march again, with the General confirming he has engaged 13/7a División Orgánica in A Gudiña. Capturing this province will further reduce the likelihood that the enemy forces trapped in Galica can escape. Although Durruti Dumange has 6,000 men, our information is that they are already suffering some shortages and should not prove too difficult to dislodge.
Haase’s southern neighbour, General Model, is also acting to prevent any attempt to get supplies and reinforcements to the northwest of the country. The tanks of 5th Panzer Division are throwing up clouds of dust as they cross the dry plains of Fermoselle. Model warns that the fighting may be heavy, as the province has been identified as being defended by a unit we have not previously encountered, Brigada Mixta Montaña, led by Llano de la Encomienda. We have found the Spanish mountain troops to be among their best, and General Encomienda is well known to us, as he commanded the Republican Army of the North in the Civil War. In addition, the Spanish have their backs to the wall, that if they cannot hold their ground, they have only the adjoining province of Vitigudina to which they can retreat.
Another win by 6th SS Freiwillingen Gebirgsjägers ended the day. The Battle for Sarria was tougher than General Behlendorff has expected, and he lost 101 men in the ground attack, but the way is now clear for von Bohm-Bezing to take 3.Infanterie straight across to La Coruña. With 284 dead, 1a División de Infanterie is withdrawing southwest, into Ourence.
I was flipping through some financial papers sent to Minister Frick in his role as Head of Intelligence when something odd struck me. Normally there is little in such papers that would interest me, just invoices, expense accounts etc. These were similar to many I have seen in the past: cancelled payments to agents in England: MI5 has become quite efficient. Then I realised what struck me as odd: the attached note giving the reason for the cancellation made it quite clear it was not British counter-intelligence that had caught this spy cell: it was the Irish! Eire is sending counter-intelligence operative to work in the United Kingdom! Sometimes I think the whole world is against us.
Speaking of papers of little interest, we still get a lot of trade related information from the Foreign Ministry. A couple of these provided a few laughs both from the professional diplomats and everyone else who read them. Businessmen from both the USA and Venezuela have approached our embassies in those countries and proposed trade deals where they would provide steel (Venezuela) and rare materials (USA) to the Reich. The price was immaterial – we have ample foreign currency – but the clause in the contract that caused such hilarity was the simple “Transport to be provided by the purchaser”. Where we would we find a captain and crew (let alone the owner of a ship) prepared to sail back and forth across the Atlantic, with the entire Royal Navy seeking revenge for their butchered convoys? Both offer were declined, and not too politely.
We are starting to see the results of the decision some months ago to call up some second-line units. 281st Sicherung Division has been sent to join the Frankreich Sicherungskorps, and this has allowed OKW to remove a combat division (Müller’s 10.Infanterie) from Frankreich and transfer it to Warszawa where it will join XIV Armeekorps, Army of Polen. Another garrison division has been put on notice and should be fully equipped in about 9 weeks.
Sicherung units must make do with what is available, and it seems that cooking equipment was in short supply when 281st Sicherungsdivision was being equipped.
But enough of administration. I could go on for hours about the piles of information that cross my desk, but the action is taking place in Spain. Nehring has sent his tanks into clear General Batov and 6/3a División Orgánica from La Roda. Although it must be acknowledged that some of the Spanish commanders (such as Batov) are performing miracles in keeping their units in the fight, it is becoming apparent that the loss of officers and experienced NCOs has reduced the ability of virtually every unit to take punishment. In fact, before I left work Rommel’s headquarters sent a communiqué confirming that 1st Panzer had simply rolled over Batov’s infantry, losing 14 men in the process. 2a División is retreating south, and the Spanish right flank is crumbling.
Behlendorff’s struggle for Sarria was not over. Although he had already paid a heavy price to evict 1a División de Infanterie, his men had to now confront a new enemy as Cordón García with 2a División de Infanterie blocked his way. Things were not as bad as at first sight, however. While García had plenty of men (as many as 12,000 we believe), he was low on supplies, with the road to the warehouses of Madrid now cut off. (La Coruña must be virtually empty of supplies, and it seem s no convoys have made it to the port, as our Aufklärungabteilungs report many enemy units are foraging for food and fuel and appear low on ammunition). It was no surprise that within hours Sud-Frankreich Army updated the status of the battle to “Successfully Completed”. Preliminary casualty figures are 45 men of 6th SS Freiwilligen Gebirgsjäger Division against 70 men of 2a División.
A sign of the desperation gripping the trapped forces is the attack on Ott’s 3.Infanterie (mot) by the isolated 11/6a División Orgánica. General Mena Roig has realised that unless a supply route south through La Fuente de San Estaban can be secured his soldiers will be forced to surrender, and is gambling everything on this almost suicidal assault.
Battle of La Fuente de San Esteban
During the night all communication with local administrations throughout La Pobla de Segur was lost, presumably because our political appointees are either dead, imprisoned or on the run. (I checked the railroad timetables: our Sturm-Marinekorps is in the vicinity of Paris. With the congestion on the tracks leading to the Spanish border, it will be some days before they arrive).
The Catalan expansion continues unchecked – and still no sight of OKH’s emergency intervention force
The rest of Saturday was only interrupted by bombing reports, which was a relief as it allowed me to spend some time looking at the “State of Knowledge” presentation. To help me appreciate the progress we have made, I dug out some previous reports, from the end of 1938 and the end of 1930 to compare to the mid-year 1940 figures. As an additional aid, I made up a small chart which I have attached below, which shows the impressive increases in knowledge, both practical and theoretical, which have been achieved.
A scientist hard at work: the success of the Wehrmacht depends on these men just as much as on its generals and soldiers.
It is not just advancement in the physical sciences that will bring us victory: our military studies researchers and thinkers are constantly developing new organisational structures and tools.
Bombing Summary
Luftwaffe
Ayora: Hoffmann von Waldau with 4th Schlachtfliegerkorps (2 x Ju 87B):
16
La Roda: Hoffmann von Waldua with 4th Schlachtfliegferkorps (2 x Ju 87B):
81, 35
Madrid: Dörstling with 6th Kampffliegerkorps (1 x Bf 109E, 2 x Ju 88):
232, 271, 227
RAF/RN Fleet Air Arm
Lugo: Harris with 11th and 13th Carrier Air Groups:
34
Segovia: Gore-Sutherland-Mitchell with 16th and 17th CAG:
15
Segovia: Harris with 11th and 13th CAG:
18
Lugo: Collishaw with 12th CAG:
8
Alcanices: Ludlow-Hewitt with 4th CAG:
44
Alcobendas: Maltby with 5th CAG:
11
Segovia: Denny with 7th CAG:
52
Ávila: Ludlow-Hewitt with 4th and 6th CAG:
44
Lugo: Maltby with 5th CAG:
34
Alcanices: Gore-Sutherland-Mitchell with 16th and 17th CAG:
34
Ávila: Barrett with 14th and 15th CAG:
22, 29
Alcanices: Gore-Sutherland-Mitchell with 11th, 13th, 16th and 17th CAG:
24Segovia: Barrett with 14th and 15th CAG:
49
La Fuente de San Esteban: Gore-Sutherland-Mitchell with 11th, 13th, 16th and 17th CAG:
48
Combined Anglo-Spanish Missions
Segovia: Gore-Sutherland-Mitchell with 16th and 17th CAG, 1er and 20 Grupo Táctico:
61, 125
La Fuente de San Esteban: Gore-Sutherland-Mitchell with 11th, 13th, 16th and 17th CAG, 1er and 2o Grupo Táctico:
86
FARE
Segovia: Camacho Benítez with 1er and 2o Grupo Táctico:
82, 52, 97Alcobendas: Camacho Benítez with 1er and 2o Grupo Táctico:
66
Alcala de Henares: Camacho Benítez with 1er and 2o Grupo Táctico:
72, 22
Unterseebootsflotte Activity Report
Cape Finisterre:
1 transport (UK): Dover – Aden: Fricke with 3rd U-flotte
South Eastern Azores Fracture Zone:
1 transport (Spanish): Cádiz – Boston: Wolf with 4th U-flotte
Goban Spur:
1 transport (UK): Plymouth – Fongafale: Fricke with 3rd U-flotte
Cape St Vincent:
1 transport (Canadian): Halifax – Cádiz: Wolf with 4th U-flotte
Southern Azores:
1 transport (UK): Bombay – Dover: Aßmann with 1st U-flotte
Eastern Charcot Seamount:
1 transport (Australia): Geraldton – Dover: Fricke with 3rd U-flotte
Coast of Cádiz:
2 transports (UK): Portsmouth – Mauritius: Wolf with 4th U-flotte
Setubal Bay:
1 transport and 1 escort (UK): Singapore – Dover: Aßmann with 1st U-flotte
Western English Channel:
1 transport (UK): Dover – Chittagong: von Nordeck with II U-flotte
Gibraltar Approaches:
1 transport (UK): Dover – Tobruk: Wolf with 4th U-flotte
Coast of Porto:
1 transport and 1 escort(UK): Dover El Iskandarîya: Aßmann with 1st U-flotte
Other Axis Powers Military Situation Reports
China: having reached the Yellow River, our reports indicate some units are attempting to cross it in the face of heavy Kuomintang opposition
Indo-China: General Tsuda seems gripped by indecision, or perhaps he is unsure how his 10 garrison regiments will perform in combat against the Guangxi veterans.
Greece: our Italian allies have found enough supplies to launch one more attack into the mountainous areas of northern Greece. With their left flank now secure, they can concentrate on the push to Athina.
Libia: with strong forces holding Surt, our military attaché in Rome tells us that his information is that the Regio Esercito is sending a strong force south, hoping to loop around behind the British.
Unternehmen Stierkampf at end of 30th June 1940
Madrid is under pressure and a pocket of Spanish troops is trapped on the Portuguese border.