Here is a list I made in from beta before release, Orinsul. I have not verified that it is the same as in the released version (there could have been last minute changes) but if it isn't the same, it is probably very close.
Global:
HOME - go to capital
F1-F8 Topbar screens
F11 - screenshot
F12 - world map dump
ESC - exit currently shown screen
ESC/ENTER - used as rejection/acceptance in most popups
ESC - toggle menu
< - toggle messages
l - toggle ledger
qwertyuiop - mapmodes
§ - toggle console (or whatever key you have mapped to that button; differs by keyboard settings. In mine it is §)
Province view:
f- set national focus
s - view population statistics
a - build army
n - build navy
r - expand railroad
Unit panel:
r - reorganise
g - group (merge)
CTRL0-9 - give selected stack a hotkey
0-9 - select hotkeyed stack. Doubletap to select and centre. [EDIT: sometimes has funny behaviour when you have a stack selected that doesn't have a key assigned, but always works when used without a stack selected IIRC]
Ledger:
LEFT/RIGHT - scroll through ledger
l - toggle ledger
EDIT: Hah, almost forgot this one:
TAB - chat in MP
Note that where several different gui elements have the same key mapped, they take preference in the order of importance in which they can be executed. As an example, if you have opened the province view and hit "r" to expand the railroad, if the order cannot be given, then you will change the mapview instead since that also accepts the "r" command.
This should probably be stickied or go into the FAQ forum (if my list is current, that is).