Heaven On Earth
Emperor Alexius I: The City Of God
(Mood Music)
The strength of the Levantine Empire was dwindling. Baldwin I lay inside the city of Jerusalem. He looked over the walls and “wept” as he saw the vastness of the Orthodox army and the wealth of Alexius I’s field tent. The whole scene must have been very disheartening for all the Latin residents of Jerusalem. However the other demographics of the Levant actually greeted the Orthodox with celebrations. The Muslims had taxed them heavily and the Latins had done the same, not to mention killing many of them during the Great Crusade. And Emperor Alexius I made sure he wouldn’t face the same problems as the Muslims and Latins, once he ruled the Levant. He would tax all demographics the same and allow complete freedom of religion, although Imperial missionaries and churches would be sponsored.
The city of Jerusalem in 1104, notice the predominance of mosques over churches, reflecting the city’s heavily Muslim population
In the early months of 1104, Alexius I used his very effective strategy of battering the city walls. For a couple of weeks, the city of Jerusalem was constantly bombarded by rocks, fired from large catapults. Then, historians set the date at March 21st, a large breach was made in the walls and Alexius I immediately charged his cavalry into it. They shocked the lightly armed defenders and cleared the way for the heavy infantry of the Orthodox Empire. Once the infantry had entered the city, the battle was hopeless for the Levantine Empire.
Baldwin I ordered all troops back to the city center. The outer areas of Jerusalem were abandoned in a chaotic rush of Latin troops. All the women and families the Latins had brought with them were all rushing the grand palace of the Levantine Emperors, recently built in the center of the city. Outside, Baldwin I left his Arab mercenaries to wear down the Orthodox soldiers as they approached his lavish palace. Fearful Muslims and Jews crowded the giant doors to the palace, fearful of another massacre reminiscent of the one the Latins caused. However, even through the screaming and pounding on the doors of the palace, Baldwin I refused to let them in. The doors took quite a long time to open and close, and he could not risk Orthodox troops breaching his palace.
Arab mercenaries fighting Orthodox horsemen in close quarters, within the streets of Jerusalem
In the city square, Alexius I and his men slaughtered the Arab mercenaries, which must have been a terrible sight for the civilians. However, he then ordered his trumpeters to blow their horns, ordering everyone to be silent. Then the Emperor’s booming voice cried out that the civilians would be spared and given freedom. With this announcement, a massive sigh of relief was let out from the non-Christians of Jerusalem.
Then, the Latin palace was laid under siege. The Orthodox siege engines were brought into the city itself, and they carefully fired their flaming rocks at the palace, making sure not to damage any other buildings. After midnight on March 22nd, after the stones and walls of the palace had been broken down, the palace itself was lit aflame. Baldwin I then made a do-or-die decision. He gathered his few remaining men and charged out the great palace doors in the middle of the night. His heroic charge has been replicated in numerous paintings.
But like all heroic charges, Baldwin I’s charge failed. Along with all his troops, he was killed. The surviving Latins were allowed safe passage to the coast and evacuation, or they could stay in Jerusalem. Alexius I had conquered Jerusalem. He would forever be known for this feat. The palace was burned to the ground, along with its overly lavish gardens. The fires light up the dark Levantine sky. The next day, the people of Jerusalem celebrated their “liberation.” At the cost of 10,000 Orthodox men and 15,000 Latins, the Levant had been conquered by Alexius I, now “the Great.” But the war was not over, and horrors unimaginable would lay in wait for the Orthodox.