But how do you crush the infidels under your growing empire? Artillery (pre-barrels anyway) and bolt-action rifles are the key to my 2-wave military strategy. I use my reserves defensively and follow up all battles with my regulars chasing down the enemy (or filling in for my retreating reserves). This really only works if you keep max army techs at 1890-1936. Before bolt-action rifles I agree that playing the defensive just makes sense without a boatload of artillery. Of course, it's really nice when you do have said boatload of artillery, just watch that your infantry doesn't die off.