Chapter XV – Turmoil in Britannia
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The Escalation
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When the year 1609 arrived, the situation in England was becoming desperate for King James. Parliament had taken control of all of Wales and Ireland and, even worse, London.
The rebels besieging the Tower had almost starved the royalist defenders into submission before they stormed the castle in the early days of January. The royalists were all killed to the last man and the colours of James I Stuart were thrown into the gutters of London. With London in rebel hands, James moved his headquarters north to Oxford. Here he camped alongside 10,000 of his most loyal troops while another force of 10,000 men and cavalry made their way north to Yorkshire to defend the border from the Scottish rebels.
The Parliamentarians break into the Tower
James was flabbergasted at the loss of the capital and seriously contemplated on withdrawing to Scotland. To him it seemed like all of the country was against him and only the promise of French aid kept him from abandoning England to the parliamentarians. After the fall of London all of Wales and Cornwall had been captured by the rebels as well. The parliamentarians of Cornwall joined forces with the army of London and together the two armies marched on Oxford where the king still lay in camp awaiting French reinforcements. The Parliamentarian pikes quickly moved in on the Royalist infantry although the king’s artillery caused severe damage amongst them. When the two blocks of infantry locked in a deadly melee, the parliamentarian cavalry fell upon the royalist horsemen and routed them. By then the rebel infantry had knocked a hole in the king’s centre and the royalists withdrew in confusion leaving 2,000 dead and wounded behind.
When James reached York he was informed that another rebel force was marching on them. The parliamentarians had sent 7,000 soldiers and dragoons against the royalists. What they thought to be 8,000 demoralized and hungry infantry proved to be 18,000 angry royalist troopers and cavaliers all thirsty for revenge. The battle was a slaughter without comparison as the 7,000 rebels were bombarded by the royal artillery and battered into submission by the fist of the king’s infantry before the cavalry surrounded and killed or captured most of the rebels. With the battle of York, James had regained his self-confidence and proved to his allies that the English could still pack a punch. Although the royalists hoped for it, the Parliamentarians were not very worried at the prospect of a French intervention. They had the support of the English navy, which was superior to the one currently employed by the French, and with France at war with the two largest continental powers it seemed to them that they were beyond Henri’s reach. Sadly for them, they were wrong on all fronts. In April 1609 the French army left port in Normandy, carrying with them the Army of the East, and smashed its way through the Parliamentarian navy. 15,000 French soldiers made landfall in Wessex and threatened London itself! Finally the sun shun on the royalists, but then disaster struck on the continent.
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Disaster
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Henri had retreated to Paris to enjoy some time with his mistresses and family when the French navy left for England. Until then everything had gone well for the reformed alliance. Soon England would be ruled by an absolute monarchy and parliament would only be an unpleasant memory. In Spain, the French armies had pushed the Spaniard forces aside and were besieging Madrid. Messengers arrived weekly to offer peace to the French king, but all were rejected. Henri intended to profit as much from the war as possible. In an effort to completely rout the Austrians, the king gave permission to the young Guillaume d’Ornano to lead the reinforced Armeé de Flandres across the Rhine and into the Austrian hereditary lands of Württemberg. Unknown to d’Ornano, the Austrians had been gathering all the weapons and soldiers they could spare by the Rhine for an incursion into the Netherlands. In May 1609 the French army started to cross the Rhine and soon advance through Baden and Alsace into Württemberg. Then the Austrians attacked. Guillaume was slain by the Austrian cavalry attacking his headquarters. The French retreated back to the Rhine, suffering crushing losses of men and material. The Huguenot incursion into Austria had been the biggest military disaster in all of Henri’s reign.
When the remnants reached Metz they brought with them the news of the Austrian advance that had followed them from Württemberg. Within a month most of French Lorraine was under siege. Henri had no troops to field against the Austrians. One part of his army was in England, another in Spain while the third was regrouping. Now peace was the only option.