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Frymonmon

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Cwmyh81.jpg

Hello! And welcome to World in Revolution: 1778! The next instalment in the increasingly popular forum game which I have created. With 1920 now at a close, it's time to move on, and step back a bit, away from the Cold War, and towards the era of Wars, Revolution, and Enlightenment. The idea of the game is, as ever, simple. You are to take your place as a nation and continue to move it forward through the times, or get lost behind in the wave of modernity, and watch as your Empire falls before your eyes.

Rules & Procedures

The rules for this game are fairly simple. You send your orders to me, Frymonmon. Orders will be explained below, as there are several different types for several levels. These orders will be written by myself, Frymonmon.

Each turn shall take the span of an entire year. We start off on the 7th of September, 1778, right after the successful French Invasion of Dominica. These turns shall be the bulk of the game, but there will be other, smaller updated, called Mini-Updates. They may be simple, mundane things, or they may be about large, expansive battles. After every 15 Turns, which is 15 in-game years, I will write a single 5-Year update that helps to re-balance, re-freshen, and revitalise the game at that point. Players will be allowed to send a general plan for those five years, and after that, the game shall take a small week break to let people think those five years over.

Now, for this game, there are a few catches. I shall be rolling a dice on your Orders, (explained below) which will determine how well they turn out. Along with this, the country's population, as well as the various legislatures and other politicians in your country, shall be a problem as well. While you are playing as that country, you only play as the Head of State/Head of Government. I, from time to time, will step in to intervene if something, like the Russian Empire selling Moscow to the Ottoman Empire. Your population is also a problem, provided you begin to infringe upon their rights and go against what they wish to. You are free to try and oppress them and keep control of your country, but the implications may be dire for you. World in Revolution is built upon many underlying factors, none of which you should be worried about, as it will all be up to the GMs to deal with.

Orders

Orders are simple, with a few twists. Orders are determined on relative power of each country. I determine this in the stats themselves, and in doing so, I shall inform the players that they now have a new amount of orders and can use them as such.

When you send your orders to me, you must, at the very least, include the nation name in the subject line when you send me a Private Message here on the forums so I can understand which nation it is coming from.

Normal Orders: Can be used on everything and anything. It is centred on 5 with a variation of 2.5. You can include in your orders a note that will allow you to use multiple orders on a single large project. Once you have sent the amount of orders you wish, I will roll that many dice, and then the highest roll is the one you receive. For example, if you wish to build a road (and you are not in Europe), and you send 5 orders, I will roll 5 times and you get the highest roll.

War Orders: Can ONLY be used when actively engaged in combat, and can ONLY be used to direct military action against an enemy force, internal or external. It is centred on 5 with a variation of 2.5.

Great Powers Get 3 Normal Orders, 3 War Orders, and 1 Treaty Orders. Secondary Powers get 2 Normal Orders, 2 War Orders, and 1 Treaty Order. Civilised Nations get 2 Normal Orders and 1 War Order. Uncvilised Nations get 1 Normal Order and 1 War Order.

Orders are always due Friday, 12:00:00 Eastern United States unless otherwise posted.

IRC Channel

The IRC Channel is where a lot of discussion takes place, both in character and out of character. It is the true heartbeat of World in Revolution, as everyone gathers to discuss in-game and out of game issues. It's mandatory to use the IRC Channel and to play this game.

Link: Coldfront
Channel: #WiR_Main
Instructions:
1) Use the link provided above.
2) Choose the Flash app or the Java app.
3) Create a screen name; it’s recommended that you use your forum name, if available.
4) Close the #coldfront channel that opens automatically.
5) In the command box, type “/join #WiR_Main” without the quotation marks.
6) You’re in the chat! Welcome!
 
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Updates
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785

Stats
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786

Mini Updates
The Franco-Spanish Intervention
The American War of Independence: Early 1779
The Franco-British War: Early 1780

Base Costs
1 Infantry Regiment £ 0.455 m.
1 Militia Regiment £ 0.105 m.
1 Artillery Regiment £ 0.500 m.
1 Calvary Division £ 0.095 m.
1 Ship of the Line £ 1.035 m.
1 Frigate £ 0.258 m.

Upkeep
Base upkeep for all military units is 10% of it's base cost per year. Costs will NOT reflect solely this, as there is money involved in the upkeep of forts, ports, army and naval staffs, military deployments abroad, ect.

Military Unit Sizes
Infantry: 3,000 Well-trained Soldiers
Militia: 1,000 Poorly-trained Farmers
Artillery: 100 Field Guns
Cavalry: 500 Horses
 
Last edited:


France 218
Great Britain 216
Spain 115
Austria 113
Ottoman Empire 112
Dutch Republic 101
Russia 96
Maratha Empire 82
Naples & Sicily 61
Venice 60
Prussia 55
Denmark 55
Portugal 54
Sweden 52
Poland 51
United States 46
Sardinia 36
Bavaria 36
Saxony 29
Durrani 27
Wallachia 18
Georgia 7
Persia 7

Austria
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (3/5) Average Technology, Great Power (113)
Population: 24.931 m.
Economy: £ 373.41 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 69.77 m. [39% Tariffs]
Income: £ 39.07 m. [11% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 37.66 m.
Balance: £ 1.41 m. [0.38% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -448.92 m. [2.23% Interest]
Military: £ 16.42 m.
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, £ 4.36 m.
Administration: (1/5) Average, £ 6.87 m.
Army: (4/5) Average, £ 15.00 m.
58 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 9 Artillery Regiments, 52 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (3/5) Failing, £ 1.42 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 3 Frigates
Monarch: Maria Theresa
Played by: Afaslizo

Bavaria
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (3/5) Poor Technology, Civilised Nation (36)
Population: 2.783 m.
Economy: £ 47.06 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 7.26 m. [47% Tariffs]
Income: £ 4.79 m. [11% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 5.46 m.
Balance: £ -0.67 m. [-1.42% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -27.78 m. [2.76% Interest]
Military: £ 2.91 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor, £ 1.01 m.
Administration: (4/5) Poor, £ 0.77 m.
Army: (4/5) Poor, £ 2.43 m.
7 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 2 Artillery Regiments, 3 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.47 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 0 Frigates
Monarch: Charles Theodore
Played by: matth34

Denmark–Norway
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (2/5) Average Technology, Secondary Power (55)
Population: 1.826 m.
Economy: £ 36.70 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 5.57 m. [46% Tariffs]
Income: £ 8.13 m. [13% Taxes] [Sound Toll]
Expenses: £ 7.82 m.
Balance: £ 0.30 m. [0.83% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -43.19 m. [2.61% Interest]
Military: £ 5.04 m.
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, £ 0.83 m.
Administration: (3/5) Average, £ 0.82 m.
Army: (3/5) Poor, £ 2.11 m.
3 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 1 Artillery Regiments, 2 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (2/5) Poor, £ 2.93 m.
13 Ships of the Line, 22 Frigates
Colonial Holdings
Danish West Indies
Population: 0.028 m.
Economy: £ 1.95 m.
Balance: £ 1.61 m.

Danish India
Population: 0.319 m.
Economy: £ 4.11 m.
Balance: £ 0.22 m.

Danish West Africa
Population: 0.108 m.
Economy: £ 1.61 m.
Balance: £ 0.29 m.

Monarch: Christian VII
Played by: baboush

Durrani
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (2/5) Failing Technology, Uncivilised Nation (27)
Population: 16.371 m.
Economy: £ 181.19 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 25.92 m. [26% Tariffs]
Income: £ 6.33 m. [5% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 5.88 m.
Balance: £ 0.45 m. [0.25% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -51.83 m. [3.16% Interest]
Military: £ 1.90 m.
Infrastructure: (2/5) Failing, £ 1.97 m.
Administration: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.37 m.
Army: (3/5) Failing, £ 1.43 m.
4 Infantry Regiments, 21 Militia Regiments, 0 Artillery Regiments, 7 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.47 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 1 Frigates
Monarch: Timur Shah Durrani
Played by: Revan529

Dutch Republic
Overview: Noble Republic, (1/5) Good Technology, Secondary Power (101)
Population: 4.133 m.
Economy: £ 143.19 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 16.94 m. [45% Tariffs]
Income: £ 17.83 m. [11% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 16.71 m.
Balance: £ 1.12 m. [0.78% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -33.16 m. [1.83% Interest]
Military: £ 10.09 m.
Infrastructure: (1/5) Good, £ 2.44 m.
Administration: (1/5) Good, £ 3.80 m.
Army: (2/5) Average, £ 4.84 m.
24 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 4 Artillery Regiments, 18 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Average, £ 5.25 m.
16 Ships of the Line, 12 Frigates
Colonial Holdings
Dutch East Indies
Population: 10.915 m.
Economy: £ 165.19 m.
Balance: £ 2.88 m.

Dutch South Africa
Population: 0.231 m.
Economy: £ 3.22 m.
Balance: £ -0.11 m.

Dutch West Africa
Population: 0.349 m.
Economy: £ 4.72 m.
Balance: £ -0.12 m.

Dutch West Indies
Population: 0.198 m.
Economy: £ 5.20 m.
Balance: £ 1.04 m.

Stadtholder: William V
Played by: Dutchbag

France
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (2/5) Good Technology, Great Power (218)
Population: 28.498 m.
Economy: £ 534.58 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 71.92 m. [41% Tariffs]
Income: £ 50.09 m. [4% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 49.97 m.
Balance: £ 0.12 m. [0.02% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -456.18 m. [2.13% Interest]
Military: £ 20.17 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor, £ 5.89 m.
Administration: (1/5) Good, £ 14.20 m.
Army: (1/5) Excellent, £ 13.21 m.
72 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 13 Artillery Regiments, 63 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (2/5) Good, £ 6.96 m.
52 Ships of the Line, 52 Frigates [+12 Ships of the Line in 1 turn. +6 Ships of the Line in 2 turns.]
Colonial Holdings
French West Indies
Population: 0.591 m.
Economy: £ 16.64 m.
Balance: £ 9.92 m.

French West Africa
Population: 0.189 m.
Economy: £ 2.54 m.
Balance: £ 0.39 m.

French India
Population: 1.291 m.
Economy: £ 18.19 m.
Balance: £ 3.52 m.

Monarch: Louis XVI
Played by: Duke of Britain

Georgia
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (1/5) Failing Technology, Uncivilised Nation (7)
Population: 0.761 m.
Economy: £ 7.56 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 2.12 m. [34% Tariffs]
Income: £ 0.75 m. [17% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 0.77 m.
Balance: £ -0.02 m. [-0.23% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -3.12 m. [3.18% Interest]
Military: £ 0.32 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Failing, £ 0.31 m.
Administration: (3/5) Failing, £ 0.05 m.
Army: (2/5) Failing, £ 0.32 m.
0 Infantry Regiments, 1 Militia Regiments, 0 Artillery Regiments, 1 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.00 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 0 Frigates
Monarch: Heraclius II
Played by: Thandros

Great Britain
Overview: Limited Constitutional Monarchy, (2/5) Good Technology, Great Power (216)
Population: 16.038 m.
Economy: £ 387.30 m.
Industry: £ 0.13 m.
Trade: £ 87.72 m. [44% Tariffs]
Income: £ 56.94 m. [12% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 64.74 m.
Balance: £ -7.80 m. [-2.01% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -425.15 m. [1.96% Interest]
Military: £ 41.65 m.
Infrastructure: (4/5) Average, £ 4.81 m.
Administration: (1/5) Good, £ 10.29 m.
Army: (4/5) Good, £ 19.62 m.
48 Infantry Regiments, 13 Militia Regiments, 16 Artillery Regiments, 45 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (3/5) Excellent, £ 22.03 m.
67 Ships of the Line, 64 Frigates [+12 Ships of the Line in 1 turn. +5 Ships of the Line in 2 turns.]
Colonial Holdings
British West Indies
Population: 0.681 m.
Economy: £ 13.81 m.
Balance: £ 5.98 m.

British West Africa
Population: 0.819 m.
Economy: £ 6.61 m.
Balance: £ -0.33 m.

British India
Population: 24.156 m.
Economy: £ 283.15 m.
Balance: £ 5.37 m.

British North America
Population: 0.590 m.
Economy: £ 7.36 m.
Balance: £ 0.24 m.

Monarch: George III
Played by: Watercress

Maratha Confederacy
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (2/5) Failing Technology, Uncivilised Nation (82)
Population: 198.413 m.
Economy: £ 1,973.19 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 198.13 m. [33% Tariffs]
Income: £ 47.60 m. [9% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 52.20 m.
Balance: £ -4.60 m. [-0.23% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -368.91 m. [2.76% Interest]
Military: £ 18.10 m.
Infrastructure: (2/5) Failing, £ 19.89 m.
Administration: (1/5) Failing, £ 4.03 m.
Army: (2/5) Failing, £ 17.61 m.
0 Infantry Regiments, 436 Militia Regiments, 3 Artillery Regiments, 3 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.48 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 12 Frigates
Monarch: Shahu II
Played by: Asdfe

Naples & Sicily
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (2/5) Average Technology, Secondary Power (61)
Population: 4.381 m.
Economy: £ 92.36 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 11.61 m. [51% Tariffs]
Income: £ 10.95 m. [15% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 10.74 m.
Balance: £ 0.21 m. [0.23% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -33.16 m. [2.16% Interest]
Military: £ 6.25 m.
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average, £ 1.70 m.
Administration: (3/5) Average, £ 2.08 m.
Army: (1/5) Average, £ 3.65 m.
21 Infantry Regiments, 1 Militia Regiments, 5 Artillery Regiments, 17 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Poor, £ 2.60 m.
6 Ships of the Line, 8 Frigates
Monarch: Ferdinand IV/III
Played by: Dadarian

Ottoman Empire
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (3/5) Poor Technology, Great Power (112)
Population: 24.386 m.
Economy: £ 258.19 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 26.17 m. [46% Tariffs]
Income: £ 20.54 m. [14% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 21.38 m.
Balance: £ -0.84 m. [-0.32% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -183.19 m. [2.61% Interest]
Military: £ 11.52 m.
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, £ 2.97 m.
Administration: (4/5) Failing, £ 2.11 m.
Army: (1/5) Average, £ 7.36 m.
52 Infantry Regiments, 31 Militia Regiments, 6 Artillery Regiments, 39 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (4/5) Poor, £ 4.15 m.
29 Ships of the Line, 18 Frigates
Monarch: Abdul Hamid I
Played by: Stormbringer

Persia (Qajar)
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (1/5) Failing Technology, Uncivilised Nation (7)
Population: 2.918 m.
Economy: £ 21.48 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 2.84 m. [46% Tariffs]
Income: £ 1.63 m. [21% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 1.67 m.
Balance: £ -0.04 m. [-0.20% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -12.12 m. [2.81% Interest]
Military: £ 0.79 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Failing, £ 0.45 m.
Administration: (2/5) Failing, £ 0.09 m.
Army: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.32 m.
0 Infantry Regiments, 4 Militia Regiments, 0 Artillery Regiments, 2 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.47 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 1 Frigates
Monarch: Mohammad Khan Qajar
Played by: MastaCheef117

Poland
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (4/5) Poor Technology, Civilised Nation (51)
Population: 13.291 m.
Economy: £ 143.19 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 18.91 m. [42% Tariffs]
Income: £ 11.15 m. [9% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 10.88 m.
Balance: £ 0.27 m. [0.19% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -106.81 m. [2.61% Interest]
Military: £ 3.92 m.
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, £ 2.13 m.
Administration: (3/5) Poor, £ 2.05 m.
Army: (1/5) Average, £ 3.92 m.
8 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 2 Artillery Regiments, 3 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.00 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 0 Frigates
Monarch: Stanisław II August
Played by: Maxwell500

Portugal
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (4/5) Poor Technology, Civilised Nation (54)
Population: 2.732 m.
Economy: £ 41.53 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 18.91 m. [46% Tariffs]
Income: £ 9.39 m. [9% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 9.62 m.
Balance: £ -0.23 m. [-0.55% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -94.91 m. [2.41% Interest]
Military: £ 6.67 m.
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, £ 1.11 m.
Administration: (3/5) Poor, £ 0.59 m.
Army: (4/5) Poor, £ 3.28 m.
18 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 3 Artillery Regiments, 16 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (3/5) Poor, £ 3.39 m.
13 Ships of the Line, 8 Frigates
Colonial Holdings
Brazil
Population: 1.631 m.
Economy: £ 12.34 m.
Balance: £ 0.53 m.

Portugese Africa
Population: 1.763 m.
Economy: £ 11.86 m.
Balance: £ -0.90 m.

Portugese India
Population: 0.491 m.
Economy: £ 3.81 m.
Balance: £ 0.26 m.

Portugese East Indies
Population: 0.319 m.
Economy: £ 2.16 m.
Balance: £ -0.15 m.

Monarch: Maria I
Played by: Magister

Prussia
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (4/5) Average Technology, Secondary Power (55)
Population: 5.631 m.
Economy: £ 104.84 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 14.61 m. [48% Tariffs]
Income: £ 12.69 m. [15% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 15.55 m.
Balance: £ -2.86 m. [-2.73% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -83.91 m. [2.48% Interest]
Military: £ 9.21 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Average, £ 1.90 m.
Administration: (3/5) Average, £ 2.36 m.
Army: (1/5) Good, £ 8.73 m.
36 Infantry Regiments, 8 Militia Regiments, 6 Artillery Regiments, 21 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.47 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 1 Frigates
Monarch: Frederick II
Played by: XVG

Russia
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (4/5) Poor Technology, Secondary Power (96)
Population: 21.841 m.
Economy: £ 258.73 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 31.64 m. [46% Tariffs]
Income: £ 20.06 m. [10% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 20.69 m.
Balance: £ -0.63 m. [-0.24% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -198.53 m. [2.87% Interest]
Military: £ 9.45 m.
Infrastructure: (4/5) Failing, £ 2.90 m.
Administration: (1/5) Poor, £ 2.64 m.
Army: (2/5) Average, £ 6.48 m.
58 Infantry Regiments, 9 Militia Regiments, 9 Artillery Regiments, 43 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (2/5) Poor, £ 2.97 m.
13 Ships of the Line, 9 Frigates
Monarch: Catherine II
Played by: jacobl

Sardinia
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (3/5) Average Technology, Civilised Nation (36)
Population: 2.819 m.
Economy: £ 47.78 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 6.94 m. [53% Tariffs]
Income: £ 6.08 m. [16% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 6.41 m.
Balance: £ -0.33 m. [-0.69% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -28.16 m. [2.13% Interest]
Military: £ 3.83 m.
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, £ 1.10 m.
Administration: (1/5) Average, £ 0.88 m.
Army: (2/5) Poor, £ 2.36 m.
11 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 3 Artillery Regiments, 12 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (3/5) Failing, £ 1.47 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 2 Frigates
Monarch: Victor Amadeus III
Played by: Sneakyflaps

Saxony
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (2/5) Average Technology, Civilised Nation (29)
Population: 1.316 m.
Economy: £ 22.32 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 4.51 m. [47% Tariffs]
Income: £ 2.85 m. [12% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 4.62 m.
Balance: £ -1.77 m. [-7.93% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -12.62 m. [2.49% Interest]
Military: £ 2.97 m.
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, £ 0.92 m.
Administration: (1/5) Average, £ 0.41 m.
Army: (2/5) Poor, £ 2.97 m.
4 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 2 Artillery Regiments, 5 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.00 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 0 Frigates
Monarch: Frederick Augustus I
Played by: naxhi24

Spain
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (1/5) Good Technology, Great Power (115)
Population: 11.439 m.
Economy: £ 191.91 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 40.29 m. [37% Tariffs]
Income: £ 28.21 m. [7% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 26.63 m.
Balance: £ 1.59 m. [0.83% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -173.91 m. [2.16% Interest]
Military: £ 15.47 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Average, £ 2.77 m.
Administration: (1/5) Good, £ 5.10 m.
Army: (3/5) Average, £ 7.29 m.
43 Infantry Regiments, 6 Militia Regiments, 7 Artillery Regiments, 43 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (4/5) Average, £ 8.19 m.
32 Ships of the Line, 21 Frigates
Colonial Holdings
Mexico & Spanish Caribbean
Population: 4.863 m.
Economy: £ 53.91 m.
Balance: £ 4.46 m.

Spanish South America
Population: 7.561 m.
Economy: £ 81.13 m.
Balance: £ 4.25 m.

Spanish Philippines
Population: 1.391 m.
Economy: £ 11.81 m.
Balance: £ -0.47 m.

Monarch: Charles III
Played by: Spectre17

Sweden
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (4/5) Average Technology, Civilised Nation (52)
Population: 3.781 m.
Economy: £ 55.35 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 8.61 m. [52% Tariffs]
Income: £ 8.00 m. [16% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 8.41 m.
Balance: £ -0.41 m. [-0.74% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -38.16 m. [2.56% Interest]
Military: £ 4.78 m.
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, £ 1.18 m.
Administration: (1/5) Good, £ 1.47 m.
Army: (2/5) Average, £ 2.58 m.
13 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 6 Artillery Regiments, 13 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (3/5) Poor, £ 2.20 m.
8 Ships of the Line, 6 Frigates
Monarch: Gustav III
Played by: Noco19

United States
Overview: Republic, (2/5) Good Technology, Civilised Nation (46)
Population: 2.619 m.
Economy: £ 48.91 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 1.94 m. [43% Tariffs]
Income: £ 3.96 m. [16% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 7.73 m.
Balance: £ -3.77 m. [-7.70% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -21.91 m. [2.91% Interest]
Military: £ 4.80 m.
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, £ 1.19 m.
Administration: (3/5) Average, £ 1.10 m.
Army: (1/5) Good, £ 3.94 m.
11 Infantry Regiments, 36 Militia Regiments, 7 Artillery Regiments, 3 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (4/5) Failing, £ 0.86 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 13 Frigates
Government: Continental Congress
Played by: etranger01

Venice
Overview: Noble Republic, (4/5) Average Technology, Secondary Power (60)
Population: 2.964 m.
Economy: £ 58.95 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 23.18 m. [45% Tariffs]
Income: £ 10.78 m. [8% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 10.29 m.
Balance: £ 0.50 m. [0.84% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -31.42 m. [2.91% Interest]
Military: £ 7.08 m.
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, £ 1.21 m.
Administration: (1/5) Average, £ 1.08 m.
Army: (2/5) Average, £ 3.16 m.
12 Infantry Regiments, 0 Militia Regiments, 2 Artillery Regiments, 6 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (4/5) Poor, £ 3.92 m.
8 Ships of the Line, 6 Frigates
Doge: Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo
Played by: Ab Ovo

Wallachia
Overview: Absolute Monarchy, (4/5) Failing Technology, Civilised Nation ()
Population: 0.981 m.
Economy: £ 10.73 m.
Industry: £ 0.00 m.
Trade: £ 2.06 m. [48% Tariffs]
Income: £ 1.08 m. [8% Taxes]
Expenses: £ 1.10 m.
Balance: £ -0.03 m. [-0.24% Surplus]
Treasury: £ -6.91 m. [2.91% Interest]
Military: £ 0.45 m.
Infrastructure: (3/5) Failing, £ 0.34 m.
Administration: (1/5) Poor, £ 0.11 m.
Army: (4/5) Failing, £ 0.45 m.
0 Infantry Regiments, 2 Militia Regiments, 0 Artillery Regiments, 3 Cavalry Regiments
Navy: (1/5) Failing, £ 0.00 m.
0 Ships of the Line, 0 Frigates
Monarch: Alexander Ypsilantis
Played by: Haresus

 
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Ottoman Empire in 1778

Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Devlet-i Ebed-müddet

The Ottoman Empire in 1778 is four years removed from its defeat in the Russo-Turkish War and the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca that ceded suzerainty over Crimea and Bessarabia to Russia. Sultan Abdul Hamid I has solidified his power over the first four years of his reign and has gained a reputation as a peaceful, pious, and gracious man. Despite the Sultan’s good intentions his gentle approach has done little to shake his Empire out of its deep slumber.

This is not to say that there have not been attempts. Mühendishane-i Bahr-i Hümayun (Imperial School of Naval Engineering) has been established under the previous Sultan by Halil Hamid Pasha and the Academy of Mathematics, Navigation, and the Sciences by Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha. These follow the creation of an artillery school in 1734 and the opening of the first Ottoman printing press in 1726.

But these are, at best, small attempts to shake up a massive and stagnant Empire. The so-called “Tulip period” of intellectual revival has been over for decades. Interest in literature and the sciences is limited to a few eccentrics here and there and traditional ideas reign supreme. If there was a brief opening of Ottoman society to foreign ideas earlier in the century, by the current time that opening has been firmly shut.

Inasmuch as the Ottomans are open to foreign influence it is in the field of military science. Halil Hamid Pasha has brought to Turkey a number of French experts, including François Baron de Tott, a French/Hungarian noble who has helped fortify Ottoman cities during the last war with Russia. These foreigners, however, are not seen as bearers of superior ideas, but simply as experts in their field, continuing the Ottoman tradition of hiring foreign experts without necessarily adopting their ideas.

Traditional ideas are embedded deep in the Ottoman education system. There exist two Palace schools in Constantinople - the Medrese that trains scholars, state officials, and Ottoman heirs, and the Enderûn that trains Christian boys to become able advisers to the Ottoman rulers. The practice of forcefully drafting Christian boys has been ended four decades ago, but many are still enrolled as volunteers or as orphans. Both schools are some of the best in the world when it comes to the teaching of mathematics, philosophy, and other sciences, but they are deeply traditional, with the teachings rooted in the Islamic scholarly tradition that stretches all the way back to the madrasas of Baghdad and Cordoba.

Outside the Palace is the sprawling city of Constantinople, one of the largest and richest in the entire world. The Ottoman political and economic system emphasizes the consolidation of power and wealth in Constantinople. All of the power in the Empire derives from here and all of its wealth flows to here. In its splendor Constantinople is a stark contrast to the feudal and agrarian nature of most of the Empire that is ruled from here.

The Balkan provinces are the center of the Ottoman Empire. Despite the large non-muslim population, they provide the most tax and the most manpower for the army and for the administration of the Empire. Outside of the Balkans life in the Ottoman Empire is largely the same as it has been a century, or maybe even a millennium, ago. Small farmers in Egypt and Mesopotamia work on the land in much the same way ancient Egyptians and Babylonians had and beys rule over small tribes that make a living either by piracy or by barely-legalized extortion.

The man in charge of the Empire is Izzet Mehmed Pasha, the Grand Vizier. Sultan Abdul Hamid I has continued the tradition of abstaining from the meetings of the Sublime Porte and has allowed his advisers to run the country in his stead. Izzet Mehmed Pasha, a general and previously a governor, is as conservative and traditional as any man in the Empire. Just like the farmers outside Baghdad may well have lived a century ago so could Izzet Mehmed Pasha have been an adviser to Suleiman or Murad.

Some may praise the stability and tradition of the Ottoman Empire, but some see a kind of stupor that has enveloped this part of the world as history marches past.
 
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Königreich Preußen

Regarding the Electorate of Bavaria

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The Kingdom of Prussia continues to voice its opposition to the Austrian occupation of Lower Bavaria, with them even establishing administration at Straubing and occupying territory outside of Lower Bavaria, and any aspirations by the Austrian crown to annex the entirety or large parts of the Duchy of Bavaria. Such an acquisition would gravely destabilize the fragile balance of power inside the Holy Roman Empire, and thus the Kingdom of Prussia has been forced to intervene on behalf of Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken, in order to defend his rights as the heir of the Duchy of Bavaria. The Kingdom of Prussia also considers this to be in defense of her own status in the Holy Roman Empire.

While the Kingdom of Prussia remains committed to her allies, Elector of Saxony, Frederick Augustus III, and the Duke of Zweibrücken, whose rights she is defending, she also extends an offer to Her Majesty Empress Maria Theresa and Elector Charles Theodore, whom she calls to reconsider the highly controversial treaty, to negotiate a peaceful and mutually benefiting settlement to the Bavarian crisis. The Kingdom of Prussia believes that any prolonged conflict within the Holy Roman Empire will only have negative implications on its stability and status of its princes.

Karl Wilhelm Graf Finck von Finckenstein, Staatsminister of Prussia, on behalf of His Majesty Friedrich II
 
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After receiving several confirmed reports that the Austrian Empire has stepped over the bounds of the recent agreement, the Bavarian Electorate hereby denounces the deal that was recently created due to Austria's clear breach of the terms. The reports mentioned are regarding the presence of Austrian troops in Mindelheim, which is legitimate Bavarian territory. The Bavarian Electorate thus calls for the Austrian troops who have violated the border of Bavaria to withdraw and for negotiations regarding this deal to resume, with different terms to achieve a mutually beneficial agreement.

~Charles Theodore
 
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The Electorate of Saxony stands beside its Prussian and Bavarian allies, and is shocked by the Austrians occupation of Lower Bavaria. Saxony will join Prussia and Bavaria in defending the lands that rightfully belong to Bavaria. Saxony will also fight against Austria with Prussia and Bavaria until a treaty is made and peace is ensured throughout all of Southern Germany.

-Frederick Augustus III, Elector of Saxony.
 
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Concerning the Bavarian Succession

As We have stated before We like to state again that We do not presume the Bavarian situation worth the blood of any of our loyal subjects and We are well aware of the tensions attached to that. The House of Austria has always been the stalward shield and sword of the empire and will remain so. In order to contain the situation in Germany We thus present the following solution:

Lower Bavaria will be restored in fully to the Electorate of Bavaria. The Archduchy of Austria will pay 2 million gulden to the Electorate of Bavaria and receive the Innviertel in return to find a final more defensible situation for both our territories. Furthermore the Elector of Saxony will receive a gift for his timely intervention. Nevertheless We will continue the military overhaul since started to reorganize Our troops for the needs of our territories.


Maria Theresa, by the Grace of God, Dowager Empress of the Romans, Queen of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, etc.; Archduchess of Austria; Duchess of Burgundy, of Styria, of Carinthia and of Carniola; Grand Princess of Transylvania; Margravine of Moravia; Duchess of Brabant, of Limburg, of Luxemburg, of Guelders, of Württemberg, of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Milan, of Mantua, of Parma, of Piacenza, of Guastalla, of Auschwitz and of Zator; Princess of Swabia; Princely Countess of Habsburg, of Flanders, of Tyrol, of Hainault, of Kyburg, of Gorizia and of Gradisca; Margravine of Burgau, of Upper and Lower Lusatia; Countess of Namur; Lady of the Wendish Mark and of Mechlin; Dowager Duchess of Lorraine and Bar, Dowager Grand Duchess of Tuscany
 
A History of Persia, 1700 -- 1778

The aging Safavid dynasty -- which had ruled the united realms of Persia for over 200 years, first under the reign Ismail I and eventually reaching its peak under Shah Abbas I "the Great" -- was continuing to rapidly lose control of its realm, and losing economic and military power, and political stability, by the first years of the 18th century. Shah Sultan Husayn, who succeeded to the throne in 1694, was suddenly facing a new revolt of the Afghan people, centered around Kandahar and led by Mahmud Hotaki, in 1704. Sultan Husayn dispatched Gurgin Khan, the King of Georgia and subject of the Shah, to quell the rebellion and restore order to the Eastern provinces. Despite having secured Kandahar and all but put down the rebellion -- or so it seemed -- his occupation of the region was particularly brutal, so much so that he was assassinated in 1709. After continued fighting, the upstart Afghans launched their own campaign deep into Persian territory. In March of 1722 the Shah's forces were defeated at Gulnabad despite maintaining numerical superiority against the attackers. The Persian defeat here opened the path for the Afghans to besiege the capital of Safavid Persia, Isfahan.

Though inept as he was, the Shah hoped to slip out of the city unnoticed, to rally a new Persian army to lift the siege of the imperial capital and drive the Afghans out of Persia once and for all. However, his attempt failed, and, with the entire city starving, he was forced to surrender the city -- and the whole of his empire -- to Mahmud. Sultan Husayn's son, who had originally been heir to the throne of the Empire, declared that he was Shah Tahmasp II; but due to the raging unpopularity of his father and his failure to defend Persia from the invaders, Tahmasp received little support; however, the Qajar tribe in the north of Persia offered him safe-haven. At this time of anarchy and political weakness, both the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire swept in and, like vultures, picked their own slices of territory to incorporate into their own spheres.

Fath Ali Khan, leader of the Qajar tribe and a renowned military commander during the reign of Sultan Husayn, and Tahmasp II, contacted Nader Shah and hoped to drive the Afghans out of Persia. However, Nader discovered that Fath Ali Khan was in fact corresponding with Mahmud Hotaki, informing him of troop movements and military plans. Subsequently, Tahmasp had him executed, and replaced him with Nader instead. With Nader in command of the Shah's armies, he successfully recaptured Mashbad in 1726, shortly after the death of Mahmud Hotaki himself in April of 1725, due to illness. Thereafter, he decided on ignoring the city of Isfahan; he chose instead to defeat the Afghan armies on the field of battle before liberating the Persian capital. He defeated the Afghan army near Herat in May 1729 and, as a result of his military prowess being shown so strongly, many Afghans joined his ranks. Ashraf Hotaki, Mahmud's successor, planned on launching a counterattack against Nader's forces, but was defeated, again, in detail at Damghan in September of that year. These successes forced Ashraf and his invasive Afghans out of the country permanently. In December of that year Nader finally entered Isfahan victorious, and formally delivered it to Tahmasp. However, he did not stop here; being made governor of many Eastern provinces, Nader continued his campaign against the Afghans in pure retribution, besieging and capturing Kandahar only after Ashraf was murdered by his own people.

The Ottoman-Persian War of 1730 was initiated by Nader, now one of the most powerful men in Persia, in a bid to remove the Ottomans from formerly Persian lands and to restore Persian territorial integrity from what it was before the fall of the Safavids. Though initially very successful, a second rebellion by the Afghans forced Nader to travel East and put the rebellion down once again. Picking the war back up soon after, he continued to jockey for a superior strategic position against the Ottoman armies under the command of Topal Osman Pasha. Despite suffering a defeat in Iraq, Pasha was eventually killed in the following battles and Nader secured the upper hand.

Tahmasp, however, was not pleased with Nader. The latter's continuous military exploits and successes made him extremely jealous of his greatest general who, in his own vanity, launched his own military campaign to take Yerevan from the Ottomans in the North. Undersupplied and under-manned, his expedition failed disastrously; Nader used this as a pretext to remove Tahmasp from the throne. He forced Tahmasp to abdicate in 1732, due to the people's wishes to continue Nader's military successes against the Ottomans, and was replaced by his infant son Abbas III, for whom Nader became imperial regent.

The end of the war saw Georgia and Western Persia returned to the Empire, restoring Persia as a regional power and uniting the region politically under the increasingly popular Nader. In early 1736 Nader held a grand meeting between the highest political and religious figures of the Empire, where he proposed his succession to the throne as Shah of Persia. The decision was nearly unanimous, and in March of that year he was crowned, forming the Afsharid dynasty. Nader's subsequent campaigns in India and Oman saw great successes; however, as his reign continued, he fell into a deep illness, only furthering his paranoia of assassination attempts and corrupt nobles. Idolizing Tamerlane himself, he built pyramids of skulls from the inhabitants of the cities that opposed his rule and rebelled against him.

When traveling East with the intention of punishing Kurdish rebels, his own nobles thought he was traveling to punish them for their opposition to his rule; in his sleep, he was assassinated on June 20, 1747. His successor, his nephew Ali Qoli, was deposed within a year; following this, nearly every regional governor declared independence and fought for the title of Shah of Persia. In barely a year, the efforts of almost 20 years to unite Persia once again had been shattered. Years of conflict between the governors and tribes ensued, until Karim Khan, self-proclaimed "Representative of the People", founded the Zand dynasty and made himself Shah of Persia. Despite his popularity in the South of Iran, not every major figure in Persia is content with Karim Khan's rule as Shah: the chief among these rulers is Mohammad Khan Qajar, leader of the Qajar dynasty. With the Shah increasing in age, Mohammad Khan may have his own designs on the throne of Persia, to make himself Shahanshah, the King of Kings.
 
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Lord North's Peace Overtures

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Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle, Head of the Peace Commission


Following the disastrous defeat of British forces under General John Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga, with Burgoyne's surrender on October 17 1777, the North Ministry, having received news of the defeat in London, began to realise the true scale and significance of events. Lord North (Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford), the Prime Minister, embarked on a series of conciliatory measures that would, it was hoped, conciliate the Continental Congress and forestall French recognition of the United States, or, god forbid, intervention in the War. It was hoped that by conceding London's positions on the earlier disputes and issues that provoked the American War of Independence, the war would be concluded swiftly and before it escalated into a global war. Thusly, Lord North pressed Parliament to pass a series of acts which settled these disputes, largely on the lines that the American Patriots formerly had advocated for. These conciliatory Acts included the Taxation of Colonies Act 1778, which repealed the objectionable Tea Act 1773, and declared that Parliament would not impose any duty, tax, or assessment for the raising of revenue in any of the American colonies, including the West Indies. Parliament would only impose such duties as expedient to regulate commerce and the net income from these duties would be given to the colonies. Additionally, the Massachusetts Government Act 1774 was also repealed, as part of these diplomatic overtures. In a rare show of parliamentary unity, these measures were passed with near unanimity, supported as it was by the Rockingham Whigs, the Foxites, aswell as the Government. As the United States had already broken away, and British control was only effective in the lands occupied by Burgoyne and Howe in the Philadelphia Campaign, these Acts were essentially dead letters from the start, as far as the Thirteen Colonies were concerned.

More meaningful measures were pursued by William Eden, with Lord North's support. Eden organised the formation of a peace commission, which was given broad powers to negotiate with the Continental Congress and forge a peace settlement. Led by The Earl of Carlisle, the commission was empowered to offer internal self-rule to the Americans, the suspension of the other objectionable acts by Parliament passed since 1763, issue general pardons, and declare a cessation of hostilities. It was not allowed, however, to offer or to recognise American Independence. The fact that the commission was authorised to negotiate with the Continental Congress as a body also represented a change in official British government policy, which had before then been to treat only with the individual states. Including senior parliamentarians, such as Carlisle, George Johnstone, and Eden himself, the commission set off to America in April 1778, although not before learning, as did the rest of London, of the Franco-American Alliance, a blow to Lord North's ambitions with these peace overtures, but not, it was hoped, a fatal one. It seemed, nonetheless, that the global war that Lord North had hoped to avoid was already upon him.​
 
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REINO DE PORTUGAL E DOS ALGARVES


The task has fallen to me, dear reader, to relate to you the proceedings of the Portuguese Court. To be, as it is said, a fly perched upon a wall, or a songbird on a nearby sill, or even as a mouse lurking in some unknown corner, quietly observing and discretely documenting the events, occurrences and incidents that collectively comprise the politics and governance of Lisbon. It warrants mention that your present interlocutor is neither a scholar nor a soldier, neither a poet nor a prince, but a humble scribe who, intent to discharge the duty of his profession, has sought to set quill to parchment with an earnest desire to provide posterity heretofore with an account of the happenings within the Kingdom of Portugal.

The early annals of the Lusitanian monarchy contain the records of innumerable achievements performed by a race of illustrious men not unworthy of comparison with the time-honoured heroes of splendid Greece or the victorious generals of martial Rome. Indeed, it was with teeming curiosity that the Portuguese defied the ancient warning of ne plus ultra and crossed the Pillars of Hercules to be amongst the first to send her sons to ply the unknown seas, to brave untried perils, to navigate the prodigious oceans and to explore untrodden lands. The unfading laurels of these exploits have gained for Lisbon no only the glory of such expeditions, but have brought into her bosom new territories, in the East and West, to join her empire.

Foregoing the details of the many event which have transpired between those initial voyages and the present date, it will suffice to say that men such as Dias, Da Gama, and countless others have given their names to various islands and mainlands across the globe, and to recognise that it is the legacy of these navigators over which the reigning King and Queen of Portugal preside. It was last March, in the Year of Our Lord 1777, that Her Majesty Isabella I ascended the throne, succeeding her father, José I. As per convention, her husband, the Duke of Bragança, became de jure uxoris (trans. by right of wife), King Pedro III. The King and Queen of Portugal, determined in every measure to embody the title of Most Faithful Majesty, a title bestowed upon the Lusitanian Crown some three decades earlier, have already earned for themselves epithets such as “the Most Pious” and “the Most Holy” within the short year’s span of their reign. Spending time in prayer and religious devotion, the Portuguese Crown has consigned the weighty task of government to an able cadre of officials and plenipotentiaries. The Royal Seal, that instrument in which is vested all the power, temporal and divine, that stems from regal authority, is clasped in the hands of one man, the Secretary of State: Aires de Sá e Melo.

Senhor Sá e Melo was a navigator in his own right, though not upon the waves, but through the treacherous waters of court intrigue, the swift currents of international diplomacy and the ever-changing tides of political life. Having often reconciled varied interests and divergent views, the Secretary of State sought in his tenure to mix the shrewd expedience of the Marquis de Pombal, the previous occupant of the same high office, with the refined and practiced grace of the alta nobreza, a class of wealthy and powerful men that had most despised Pombal elevation to the offices of state.

It was not an unexpected sighting if one were to find the Secretary of State busy at work in the late hours of the night or early morning, poring over some diplomatic papers, reviewing some financial documents, or writing letters. One such letter that had recently lain upon his desk [and has since been dispatched to London], read as follows:


To His Grace Lord North, Earl of Guildford and Prime Minister of Great Britain

It is with immense distress that I must relay to Whitehall an article of troubling news that has been brought to my attention by means of Portuguese merchantmen returning from the West Indies. The French have set upon and seized the isle of Dominica. Reports suggest that an early morning raid on the unsuspecting island led to a swift French victory. Viscount Barrington of the Leeward Fleet was too distant from the islet to provide assistance to the British garrison, and the island’s militia, consisting largely of Frenchmen, opted to ignore the call to arms in an effort to repulse the French attack. Such circumstances, I am led to believe, were the conditions which forced the commanding officer and the British regulars stationed on Dominica to issue a prompt surrender.

The meddling of the French in the domestic affairs of King George’s domain—to wit, the French involvement in the ongoing rebellion of the Thirteen Colonies—is of great concern to Portugal on account of the considerable disruption to the situation in the West Indies, the appreciable prospect of an escalating conflict, but most significantly out of concern for the fate and fortune of our long-standing ally: Great Britain.

With the conflict expanding to include France, it will not be surprising should the Spanish, [pursuant to the Bourbon Family Compact that both Great Britain and Portugal laboured so diligently to dismantle in the War of Spanish Succession], proceed likewise to join their French cousins in entering the war in aid of the rebels. The involvement of Spain would directly threaten the British possessions in Minorca and Gibraltar, placing the entire British position in the Mediterranean in jeopardy.

The Kingdom of Portugal, having concluded last year our dispute with Spain, and having secured in the Treaty of Ildefonso (1777) the present demarcation of boundaries of our nations’ holdings in the American to the satisfaction of both parties, will seek from Madrid a confirmation of our time-honoured protocol that colonial disputes do not disrupt the peace of the Iberian Peninsula. Should we attain from Spain such a confirmation as to ensure the security of the Portuguese mainland, and extend to the Spanish a guarantee of the same, then the Kingdom of Portugal would ready herself to provide direct assistance to Great Britain in prosecuting war against the her enemies.​

Manu Propria
AIRES DE SÁ E MELO
Secretário de Estado do Reino
 
The Bourbon Reforms

On the 1st of November 1700 Charles II, the last of the Habsburg Monarchs died. A deformed and incapable man, the result of generations of intermarriage by the Habsburgs Charles left behind a nation in shambles controlled largely by nobles most associated with either the French or the Austrians. It would seem the French were victorious in this battle between factions as Charles left his Kingdom to Prince Philip of France, grandson of the French "Sun King", Louis XIV. With the threat of a unified Franco-Spanish Superpower the rest of Europe immediately reacted, coalescing behind the Austrian candidate, Charles Habsburg, Archduke of Austria.

The ineffectual Spanish military, divided, poorly trained and ill-equipped, took little part in the long war that followed, most of the burden being shouldered by the French, the strongest land power on the continent. While the French scored several victories during the opening phases of the war the inspired leadership of the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy secured an extremely strong position for the allies and only the invalidation of Archduke Charles as a candidate by his election as Holy Roman Emperor and disunity among the allies allowed Philip to hold onto Spain. Most of the Spanish territories in Europe, including lands in Italy and the Southern Netherlands were divided among the allies with Austria receiving the lion's share.

After his victory Philip appointed the Cardinal Alberoni as his Chief Minister and he, along with Philip's second wife, Elisabeth Farnese, controlled much of the Kingdom's policy during the first Bourbon King's reign. While efforts to revitalize the military and the economy were successful an attempt to retake lost lands in Sicily was a failure due to the alliance between Austria, Britain, the Dutch and France, ruled by the Duke of Orléans increasingly threatened by Philip's strong claim to the French throne.

In 1724 King Philip V abdicated on behalf of his eldest son, Louis, however said King died only a few months later and Philip was again King of Spain. In 1731 the fifth son of the King and the eldest by his second wife, Charles, inherited the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza effectively reestablishing a Spanish presence on the Italian Peninsula after nearly 20 years. This was increased further by said Prince's conquest of the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily during the War of the Polish Succession. However, due to the continuing poor state of the Kingdom's finances and the large household of the King, caused by his increasing melancholia and illness the Kingdom was forced to effectively declare bankruptcy in 1739. After a strong beginning King Philip's rule was largely ineffectual and he died in 1746, inherited by his eldest son, Ferdinand.

King Ferdinand VI restarted the strong reformist tendencies of the early part of his father's reign by the revitalization of commerce in the West Indies, the modernization of the navy and a new model for the treasury after the default. It is with his reign that the Bourbon Reforms truly began. In terms of foreign policy King Ferdinand kept a strict neutrality in the wars between France and Britain refusing to be drawn into the wars on either side. After an energetic reign Ferdinand fell into a deep depression upon the death of his wife, falling ill and dying early in 1759. It is with his death that Charles III, King of Naples and Sicily, became King of Spain and ushered in the main phase of the Bourbon Reforms.

Due to treaties between the various European powers Charles was not able to unite the throne of Spain with those of Naples and Sicily and as such he abdicated the latter two too his third son (his eldest being incapable and his second being Prince of Asturias and Heir of the Kingdom of Spain), Ferdinand. Despite not being joined the relations between Spain and Naples remain extremely strong and a force of Spanish troops are deployed in Naples too assist in the defence of the Kingdom.

Upon his coronation as King of Spain Charles quickly reorganized the military and continued the economic expansion begun by his step-brother however his reforms were not completed in time for Spain's entry into the Seven Years War and the British managed to capture both Havana and Manila and secure some gains from Spain. After this defeat Charles continued his reformist policies by expanding the navy and continuing the improved training of both the army and the navy. With the revolt in the British American Colonies Spain quickly realized that this was an opportunity and gave some aid to the American colonies. With the entry of France into the war the reforms of Charles III will be put to the test for the first time, unless the King should dramatically change policies and decide to remain neutral in the coming war.
 
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Kingdom of Sweden
Konungariket Sverige

Long gone from the parliamentarian troubles of Our past, from the political squabbles between the "Caps" and the "Hats", those aristocratic fools who paralyzed this Kingdom in satiation of their Greed, Our Kingdom begins to climb to its rightful status in Europe, a Great Power. Under my reign, We have seen the repair of the Riksdaler, We have seen the rise of the Swedish Navy, and We have seen the reform of trade and bureaucracy, all in the pursuit of a healthy Kingdom for the Swedish people. These achievements have blossomed without the fetters of Constitutionalism and the old Constitution. It is only though the Will of the People, the Grace of God, and the Firm Hand of the Crown that such progress can be forged, and it is only righteous that We maintain this straight course. While some would attempt to lead Us astray, off the path and into the twisting of side roads of Parliamentarism, I shall be ever vigilant to guide Us straight ahead, never faltering in Our journey.

In this coming year, I shall be examining the heart of Our Kingdom, in order to better plot the future course of Action for reform and improvement. Similarly, I shall inspect our Army and Navy and speak with Our top minds, to facilitate the rightful expansion and improvement of Our Armed Forces. Men such as Johan Christopher Toll shall imbue Our Armed Forces with the Vigor and Spirit necessary to advance Ourselves to the highest degree, with superior doctrines and superior leadership.

Let us enter this newest year with these ambitions in Our Hearts and Minds, and they shall be made true!

- Gustav III, by the Grace of God, of the Swedes, the Goths and the Vends King, Grand Prince of Finland, Duke of Pomerania, Prince of Rügen and Lord of Wismar, Heir to Norway and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, etc. etc.
 
The Maratha Confederacy​

The Martha Confederacy is a great nation, but even now it can still be greater! There is only one path to more glory, however. The Europeans have come, and we have proved to be backwards to them. We cannot war with Europe, for a war with Europe is a war that we will be hard-pressed to win. No, instead we must cooperate with the Europeans, so that we can sell are goods for a good price. So that the riches of India can be exchanged with the riches of Europe, bringing glory to us all! Maybe then the ways of Europe can see some limited application here. Long live the Confederacy!

Shahu II
 
GM Note: Because 1778 starts so late in the year, we will start out with our first full turn in 1779. In order to do so, I will make a mini that will cover the American Revolutionary War and the War of Bavarian Succession ((as well as anyone else who wishes to start a war or join one in these first few months)). If you are involved, or would like to get actively involved in any of these conflicts, please send me orders by July 2nd, 2014 at 12:00 Noon Eastern United States Time. The orders shall consist of the war orders you are normally afforded ((see the OP and your stats for your ranking and number of orders)).
 
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Königreich Preußen

Treaty of Zwickau

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The Kingdom of Prussia is gratified with the negotiated settlement to the Bavarian Succession Crisis, and extends her thanks to Her Majesty Empress Maria Theresa, and the Noble Electors of Bavaria and Saxony for their commitment to the Landfrieden of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Thus the negotiated settlement is hereby presented as the Treaty of Zwickau.

Treaty of Zwickau

Article 1 - Cessation of hostilities
The signatory parties - namely the Holy Roman Emperor, the King of Prussia, the Elector of Saxony and the Count Palatine - agree to cease hostilities, remove their troops from each other territories and restore the Landfrieden to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

Article 2 - Final Settlement of Succession rights
The signatory parties agree to the succession of Karl-Theodor of Pfalz-Sulzbach to the Duchy of Bavaria. All signatory parties agree to the right of the King of Prussia to claim and buy the Magraviates of Bayreuth and Ansbach if the male line of the reigning Hohenzollern may disappear in the mentioned territories.

Article 3 - Transfer of the Inn Quarter
The Inn Quarter will be sold by the Count Palatine to the Holy Roman Emperor for the sum of 2 million Gulden. Both parties agree to drop any further claims on eachothers' territories and posessions.

Article 4 - Recognition of Diplomatic Endeavors
All other parties agree to the total payment of 3 million Gulden in total, with each of the other parties paying 1 million Gulden, to the Elector of Saxony in order to honor their diplomatic measures in solving the crisis.

[X] Karl Wilhelm Graf Finck von Finckenstein, Staatsminister of Prussia, on behalf of His Majesty Friedrich II King of Prussia
[X] Maria Theresa, by the Grace of God, Dowager Empress of the Romans, Queen of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, etc.; Archduchess of Austria, etc.
[X] Charles Theodore, Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatinate
[X] Frederick Augustus III, Elector of Saxony.

Mutual recognition of successions should help reduce the tense situation in Southern Germany, and the Kingdom of Prussia is delighted that her status regarding the Hohenzollern principalities there is also recognized. Crucial diplomatic action was committed just in time to avert a possible new war of bloodshed inside the Empire. The Kingdom of the Prussia affirms its contribution to de-escalating the situation in accordance to the treaty, and announces that the withdrawal of Prussian armies is to start immediately after the treaty’s signature by involved parties, with the Prussian troops receiving orders to return to their ordinary garrisons.
 
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[x] Charles Theodore, Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatinate

The Bavarian Electorate wishes that this treaty will become the basis of peace and prosperity in Southern Germany for the future.
 
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Treaty of Zwickau

[x]Maria Theresa, by the Grace of God, Dowager Empress of the Romans, Queen of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Dalmatia, of Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, etc.; Archduchess of Austria; Duchess of Burgundy, of Styria, of Carinthia and of Carniola; Grand Princess of Transylvania; Margravine of Moravia; Duchess of Brabant, of Limburg, of Luxemburg, of Guelders, of Württemberg, of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Milan, of Mantua, of Parma, of Piacenza, of Guastalla, of Auschwitz and of Zator; Princess of Swabia; Princely Countess of Habsburg, of Flanders, of Tyrol, of Hainault, of Kyburg, of Gorizia and of Gradisca; Margravine of Burgau, of Upper and Lower Lusatia; Countess of Namur; Lady of the Wendish Mark and of Mechlin; Dowager Duchess of Lorraine and Bar, Dowager Grand Duchess of Tuscany

With that peace is restored to the Empire and no loss of face occured.