I noticed that the -10% core cost policy was removed, though the +1 colonist one remains. Now that a lot of policies have been removed, which ones are worth taking now?
For colonizers the policy you get from Exploration + Expansion is alright, +20 to yearly colonial growth helps a lot in the long run.
All Policies providing benefits to income are stupid by definition.
The only usefull policies are policies to colonize faster or policies to stack REP high.
Military policies are usefull in multiplayer.
You are vastly overestimating income policies. The highest I recall gave 20% prod efficiency so for you to get even 100 from it you would have to be getting 500 base production and at that point you have so much money it becomes nothing more than a number.Not true at all because income is the single most important factor to determine how powerful a nation is.
Without income you can't do much if anything while income can pretty much solve all problems.
Income is more important then monarch points but 1 ducat may be less worth then 1 monarch point however think about what 100-200 ducats per month more can do.