Was WWI so bloody because "the generals were idiots" or because "doctrines haven't caught up with technology" in some parts?

[demanvanwezel]

luigi cadorna and conrad von hotzendorf we’re certainly energetic disastrous idiots.

although the 19th century tactics was to use human waves to over power enemy positions. Tactics made obsolete by repeating rifles and machine guns. As we can see from the disasters in the early war. Also you see from the war of northern aggression in usa.

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I'm honestly not sure what was up with them
prior to WW1 cadorna published a plan which said that in case of a german war with france they (italy was in an alliance with germany at the start of WW1) should send any excess troops to the rhineland as it didn't make sense to bash their troops against the alps in futile offensives and yet that was his only plan against the austrians

meanwhile von hotzendorf had advocated for war against serbia, romania (allied to both austria and germany) and italy (also allied to both austria and germany) simply because he thought they would turn on austria when war with russia came, he also advocated for the enlargement and modernisation of the austro-hungarian forces multiple times (for reference: austria spend as much on it's army as the UK while the UK's army was 1/10th the size of the AH one)
thing is: he was completely right, all of those nations did declare war on austria while in a war with russia and the austrian army was simply too backwards and small to make a difference