What are you talking abut there was records of tragets being hit from 500 meters away. We just suck compared to those people but an arrow can be shot at 100 meters. It can pierce the skin of an elephant its not iron or wood. That it has more fat an muscle it one thing but the skin will be pierced an it will hurt them and it will enrage them. Oh and since we have archer enthuziast on this thread ask the person who has an better accuracy an archer hitting from an 2.5 meters elephant that moves hitting down or an archer with less size or that arcehr hitting an elephant of 2.5 meters height and 2 meters in bulk?
The archer from the elephant will hit shit. If its riding the elephant does he not suffer from balance problems is the target not smaller then what the opposing archer has to hit? How can he hit the opposing archer when every step the elephant does shakes you when he is smaller target and when the elephant is enraged because it has arrows that pierced his skin and especially trunk and hurt him like crazy and it moving and attacking anyone he can?
I saw that the armor did not covered all of the trunk and the ears where it hurts the most your words. Also in an war there hundreds of archers with hundreds of arrows some will hit the elephant in the ear or trunk.
Also since the head of the elephant is so high does it not mess with visibility for the archer?
Sure you can hit a target from 500 meters. I can do it too. not consistently, and not with any real velocity, but it happens. The archer from the elephant doesn't have to hit from 500 meters, because as a practical matter, nobody is going to score useful hits from 500 meters range. Have you ever ridden an elephant? it CAN be rough at moments, but at other times it's quite smooth because the elephant is in between strides (each footfall takes so long that you have time to aim and shoot in between them) is accuracy going to be affected? Absolutely. However It's not going to be nearly as bad as trying to shoot from horseback, and plenty of people mastered that. Elephants were always a tiny part of a much larger army. Only THE best archers, spearmen, mahouts, etc. actually rode the elephants into battle. The rest of the army was doing everything else. It's not up to the archer or two on the elephant to shoot back at enemy archers - that's for your archers to do. your elephant archers have other better/easier targets to shoot at.
the bit about the elephant potentially getting enraged is real, and one of the reasons elephants were so carefully armored. their trunks were NOT carefully armored at least towards the lower ends because the trunk is an offensive weapon, and excess armor reduces its efficiency. Obviously there ARE ways to beat elephants, and archery is one of them, but it's not easy.