The lack of multiple lieges and the external wars of vassals are inevitable to cause blobbing because weak vassals are protected by their lieges, while regional powers are unable to push these blobs back (as it would require beating entire empire), even if they would be able to defeat the enemy vassal.
I have come up with a solution: when tenants-in-chief (sovereign's direct vassals) start and win an external war they become their liege's tributary called "march", unlike other tributary types, marquess cannot be called their suzerain into wars, nor can their suzerain. The relationship is permanent and all the marquess has to do is pay a percentage of their taxes to the suzerain.
Obviously, there should be some constraints when it happens, e.g. the vassal would have to be a duke or a king, their liege would have to be of a certain size.
I have come up with a solution: when tenants-in-chief (sovereign's direct vassals) start and win an external war they become their liege's tributary called "march", unlike other tributary types, marquess cannot be called their suzerain into wars, nor can their suzerain. The relationship is permanent and all the marquess has to do is pay a percentage of their taxes to the suzerain.
Obviously, there should be some constraints when it happens, e.g. the vassal would have to be a duke or a king, their liege would have to be of a certain size.