the best ever tactic= cede one province
peace and manually release opm vassal
dow second time, return remaining cores to vassal
once cores are in the right hands, diploannex
You get like, negligeble AE (only for the one cede province in first war)
I did it to Nogai and golden horde in my own Russia game a while ago. The new vassal friend must ideally, be a country who has had a rough time against some evil agressor country, losing many cores to that evil agressor. Nogai was the pretty much downtrodden country and I decided to help Nogai, but only after force-vassalize war. (religious cb)
Then I simply dow golden horde aggressor, and once at 100 warscore, return cores to Nogai. Golden horde will likely be partitioned though, in its state of weakness in the aftermath of this disasterous war for him, but it is to whom it may concern... Nogai on the other hand, my trusty vassal, was successfully diploannexed some time after, I was able to convert all the islamics easily (I had full patriarchy + inquisitor + act of uniformity + act of true religion + something other missionary act I think). It took like 17-19 months to convert a province.
I wonder though if this could be applied further to the Russian conquests with other hordes. I don't think you can apply it to some hordes easily. This is, because the golden horde area, is hotly contested battleground always between Nogai, Kazan, and golden horde.
The tactic does work well vs Lithuania too, cede province with ukraine core. Then second dow is still necessary, and you simply cede a WHOLE bunch of Ukranian cores to your opm vassal ukraine.
Key to this tactic, you need to be able to beat Lithuania in a war. Which is sometimes harder, sometiems easier, depending on luck sometimes (like lithuania collapsing to rebels), sometimes Lithuania has strong allies, in which case I would perhaps delay the war for a while.
It's like the other hordes are way more peaceful, or something. there is no big rivalries to exploit this way sometimes the Asian hordes just ally with each other or soemthing.
Although to be fair, the Asian hordes are cheaper to just annex outright with the expansion idea cb. You still better have some good missionary percentage bonuses though, at the ready I should say...