The tweaking of the tech levels is not an easy task. As stated previously, the main problem are technology costs. They depend on various things, but the most important for us now is the "date factor", which, shortly, punishes nations that are much more advanced than historically achieved. According to the "Economy FAQ", this factor kicks in if the "due date" (from the corresponding tech .csv file) for the tech we already have is more than 24 years after the current date.
The calculation of this factor presented in the FAQ does not hold for our mod; it probably assumes the scenario starting date of 1419. Also, I have an impression from my tests that the "overadvancement"-penalty depends on "due-dates" of all previously achieved tech levels.
One possible reason for my problems may be "overflow errors". If there is a fragment like that in the code:
unsigned int due_date_dif;
due_date_dif = cur_year - 1000; //Scenarios start 1419 or later
then we get due_date_dif a positive number in the range of billions... I don't know how the overall modifier gets smaller so that we see technology costs in the range of millions instead.
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Anyway, these are the results of my exhaustive (i.e. I am exhausted...) tests. Hopefully, someone may want to continue so that we have a sensible setup. IMHO, talking about technology groups etc has little meaning before we get rid of those prohibitive technology costs.
I was testing land tech; naval (and infra?) should behave in a similar way; according to the Economy FAQ, trade and infra techs do not have the date malus, but I am sure the due date is used in the calculation of the trade tech cost somehow. I was using Francia (HAB) with the default DP settings and monarch. Starting in 751, with varying initial land tech level. Test "versions" differ by the "due date" values. Modiefied for all levels, displayed for Levels 0 - 3
Note that the costs of the first tech levels in the "normal" EU2 is in the range of several thsd ducats, _but_ our Francia has a total monthly income of 15 initially. Which will have the meaning after we define what the varoius tech levels actually do in the time frame of our mod.
VESRION 1.
Due dates 751, 771, 791, 811, ...
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 48013.
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs 1 (sic!), then 4, 7...
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 3 costs 4, then 7...
VERSION 2.
Due dates 1419, 771, 791, 811, ...
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 403, then ~2500000.
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs ~2500000.
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 3 costs 4, then 6, ...
VERSION 3.
Due dates 1419, 1439, 1459, 1479, ...
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 403, then ~560000.
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs ~560000.
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 3 costs ~602000.
VERSION 4
Due dates 900, 920, 940, 960, ...
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 1, then ~15000.
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs ~15000.
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 3 costs ~22000.
Francia starts with 3, advancing to 4 costs ~31000.
VERSION 5
Due dates 850, 870, 890, 910, ...
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 888, then 2700, then 7200.
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs 2700
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 2 costs 7200
VERSION 6
Due dates 1000, 1020, 1040, 1060,...
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 1 (one ducat), then ~60000
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs ~62000
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 3 costs ~75000
VERSION 7
Due dates 950, 940, 930, 920, ... (decreasing)
Francia starts with 0, advancing to 1 costs 1, then 32, 31, 29, 28, ..
Francia starts with 1, advancing to 2 costs 32, then 31, 29, 28, ..
Francia starts with 2, advancing to 3 costs 31, then 29, 28, ..
Temporary conclusions:
Starting with tech level 0 results with somehow irregular behaviour.
the best chances offers the version 5, which must be modified further.