December 14, 1942
The Battle of Amiens, pt. 2
With Gamelin effectively out of combat, De Gaulle appeared at Juin's headquarters and proceeded to publicly berate the Field Marshal. After a vicious argument, De Gaulle returned to his headquarters and announced that he was abandoning Amiens. His 40,000 remaining men moved south, as Rommel continued to infiltrate the city.
The French situation was now critical. As the German crescent now began extending along the French left flank, Juin called for a fighting retreat. Block by block, he began pulling towards the southwest edge of the city, fighting ferociously. The Germans concentrated forces heavily in the center of Amiens, attempting to push simultaneously against Juin's forces and Gamelin's pockets in the eastern city.
On Christmas Day, the French position was dangerously close to collapse. While Gamelin's forces had fought ferociously, only 27,000 of the original 90,000 men were left, and even this depleted force was running low on supplies. De Gaulle was hors de combat, and Juin was steadily pulling out of the city. The Germans had lost 100,000 men, but they still had 300,000 in and around Amiens. Rommel sent messengers under flags of truce to Juin and Gamelin, both of whom refused to surrender.
That evening, the tide turned. De Gaulle returned, striking hard from the east and backed by another 60,000 fresh men from the Reims garrison. Rommel's forces, surrounding Gamelin, were now attacked savagely from the rear. While Rommel blunted this attack, his supply lines were disrupted. While he was replete with ammunition and fuel, Rommel was critically low on food. De Gaulle pressed his advantage unmercifully, and by New Year's Day he had linked up with Juin. The Germans now held Amiens as a poorly supplied salient. As Rommel shuffled his forces to the east, Gamelin led a breakout of his men, managing despite heavy losses to escape from the city. Rommel now had little choice, and radioed Berlin for permission to withdraw.
This permission was personally denied by Hitler. The only direction Rommel was allowed to go was forward.
However, Rommel's men were now on quarter rations. None of them had the energy to think of renewing the assault. This demoralization was completed when Juin managed to repel a fresh attack from Keitel, and completed the encirclement of Amiens. A month before, the Germans had held a two-to-one advantage. That advantage was now completely lost.
On January 10th, 1943, as the last of the German food supplies ran out, news came that the Soviets had broken the defensive lines in the east and poured into East Prussia. For the first time in the war, German soil was under attack. This proved too much for Rommel. At 8 pm, he gave his fateful Order No. 115, sounding the retreat. The Germans moved north, but the men no longer had the energy to fight. For every man who escaped, one was captured and one killed. Juin followed up the victory by recapturing Lille from the Slovak conscript garrison and surrounding three divisions of German motorized infantry in Caen, who rapidly surrendered.
The Battle of Amiens was over. While 177,000 French soldiers were killed, the Germans lost 410,000 men, and all possibility of an assault in the West was lost. The German panic spread through the thinned garrison ranks, and Juin was able to re-establish defensive lines in the Maginot du Nord. Rommel, summoned to Berlin for court-martial, committed suicide. The Germans had left French soil for good, and the war moved now into its final phase.
-from A History of the Second World War, by Prof. Henry Kissinger