Stuff for the future...
I'll try to find some time soon and make it easy to play with point costs. Also, I think culture upkeep is something that has been long overdue, so it's something I've been thinking about. In the meantime I need to think about what is a fair penalty.
I am thinking increasing prestige penalties per province not owned. Like, for example if you were missing one province, you'd take a penalty of 1. Miss two, and you'd lose 1 + 2 = 3 total. Missing 3, and you'd take 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 total. Note that these are in no way final. It certainly is interesting to watch Russian, and to a lesser extent, Ottoman expansion into the ROTW-- but it certainly becomes unbalancing when they can draw manpower from it, whereas no one else can. Certainly, it's been a highly successful strategy in this game, and one that's difficult to counter... but it's not exactly what I would call an intended effect of the culture claiming rules, which admittedly were more focused on getting players to fight over European cultured provinces more and attempt to 'collect them all'. And on the flip side, force countries to band together to stop any nation's aggrandizement if it got too close.
Along with this will come the necessity for a lose culture command, whereby a player can voluntarily drop a culture (and therefore potential penalties) for some points back.
Another thing I've been thinking about is decaying cores. If you lose control of a province for x years you lose your core on that province. I'm thinking about x at 30, 50, or 100 (haven't decided yet and depends also on the next). I've also been thinking about adjusting the claim price formula and making it more expensive.
One further cool idea I've been mulling after a talk with balinus a while ago was espionage. This could be directed against enemy installations (forts, manufactories, ccs, shipyards), enemy DPs, enemy cores, revolt risk, or used to create an insurrection. i haven't really fleshed these ideas out or costs, or the necessity of keeping identities a secret, because covert ops should be well, covert. But it's something to think about, and something that could add another layer of depth and intrigue. I think the best way to hire this would be to allow everyone a set number of actions (say 5)
Speaking of monarchs, I might add a randomization utility for that too at some point.
Just some random thoughts-- please feel free to share your experiences and feelings.