The rise to power continues
During the following 2 years the Persian Navy was increased even further as 9 ships, of which 3 were pre-dreadnaught ships and 6 protected cruisers, were constructed in the shipyards of Basra. Even the transport ships were renewed to allow Persian troops to be send overseas safer and faster.
The Second Persian Fleet
As Persia grew economically stronger, the desire for overseas colonies grew. Despite most of the world being already owned, directly or indirectly, by European powers, Mozzafar found the Sudan a good colony. The gold and rubber from there would decrease Persia’s dependence of those resources. By mid 1916 the Shah sent out the First Persian fleet to the Red Sea. Soon 24,000 Persian troops followed and landed in Sudan. As the British had already destroyed the Egyptian army and cutting Cairo from the rest of the country, the occupation of Sudan went quickly.
War declaration against Egypt
When the Sudan was finally subdued, an amphibious assault was launched near Cairo. 30,000 Egyptian soldiers stood brave against the Persian troops. Yet the combination of shore bombardment, the use of gas and heavy artillery, saw the Egyptian troops being destroyed within a matter of hours. With Cairo occupied, and the Egyptians defeated, peace talks started between the two warring countries. The Sudan and Tanta were to be seceded to Persia, while Egypt was to retain her independence.
The last stand of the Egyptians
With the acquisition of Tanta, the Persians had acquired a Mediterranean port. The Second Persian fleet, consisting of the recently completed ships, was sent to Tanta, protecting Persian and Ottoman interests in the region. 2 infantry divisions were stationed in Tanta, and another 2 were stationed in the Sudan. Having acquired overseas colonies, the Shah saw this as the final completion of the Persian ‘civilization program’.
Persian holdings in Egypt
Despite the war going extremely well for the Persian, the internal situation was escalating during the 1917 election. The Liberal faction was accused of fraud by the socialists. Although the liberals won the election, the Shah forced them to leave the government and gave power to the socialists. During their rule modern factories were constructed in Azerbaijan, Punjab, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. However, by March the higher classes and a large part of the Punjabi population were demanding their resignation. The socialists ruled without any consideration of the higher classes, and quickly a large part of the rich people demanded their resignation. The Shah, once again, dismissed the government and he appointed the liberals again, as they had brought prosperity to his country, and more importantly, to him.
In 1918 however things were once again destabilizing in the Middle East and Central Asia. The Persian-Turkish War of 1906-1909 had already cracked the foundations of the Ottoman Empire. Yet 9 years after the war, the old institute was still standing. However things were turning for the worse as the Arabs were rising to arms. The war 9 years earlier had destroyed all Ottoman troops, and showed the Arabs that the Turks were not able and willing to defend the region. During the Persian occupation several commanders had granted privileges to the Arabic nobility, which were revoked by the Ottomans, causing further resentment against Ottoman rule. By September the Arabs declared their independence and quickly the Ottoman Empire descended into a civil war.
Three factions were fighting each other, the Monarchists held their base in the Balkan*, the Republicans, who had their base in Southern Anatolia, Rhodes and Cyprus. Then there were the communists who controlled most of the Black Sea coast and several inland cities. As soon as the Empire collapsed, Armenia declared her independence. Despite several requests from the Sultan, Persia remained neutral in the conflict, at least for now.
*Although it seems illogical, I'll explain it in my next update.