Not even the Commissariat for Army and Navy Affairs was properly heated in the winter of 1923. As with every other resource, fire wood and fuel was too scarce to make the ministries and other institutions fully hospitable. The sky over Moscow was overcast with black heavy clouds that night, and the wind, carrying more snow, howled around the corners of the buildings. Trotsky had not hurried home after work this evening; instead he had chosen to spend time with a rather new and fascinating acquaintance, General Mikhail Ivanov, commander of the 1st Moscow Proletariat Red Banner Rifle Division. Trotsky was not very fond of social gatherings and small talk, which he viewed as void of meaning, but Ivanov was clearly no ordinary person and had always interesting things to say. They sat close to a huge ornamented fireplace were sturdy logs were consumed by a roaring fire. Between the beautiful 18th century chairs they sat on was a small table from the same age, on it was an ancient chess board with pieces placed in a way that revealed that the game was well underway. Also on the table were a cognac decanter and two glasses, in which the light from the fire flickered in the crystal glass and the amber liquid within. Trotsky was in the middle of telling the story of how a spectacular river raid he had partaken in had turned the tide in the struggle for the city of Kazan. The Red flotilla had consisted of four torpedo–boats and three river steamers armed with guns and machine guns. Ivanov listened with concentration, but his face showed no emotion.
‘We had just come abreast with the headland when a machine gun fired a burst in front of us, whipping up the water. This was followed by a single rifle shot from another direction. The flotilla continued in silence for a minute and then more shots were fired. Bullets repeatedly struck the thin iron armor that protected the captain’s bridge. The bridge only covered us up to the waist, so we crouched and the boatswains followed suit, desperately navigating while exchanging tense whispers with the captain. Once past the headland, we entered the reach. On the opposite shore, the lights of Kazan were visible, but by now there was intensive fire behind us, from high as well as low ground. Still, a great prize lay not more than two hundred yards to our right – protected by hilly banks lay the enemy flotilla, the boats looming up as a vague mass. Commander Raskolnikov ordered his men to open fire. The metal in the torpedo-boat groaned as the main gun fired. The darkness was suddenly lit up by a column of fire that rapidly rose over the Volga’s black water – our shell had struck an oil barge. I remember that the light frightened me; we were now quite visible on the river. Raskolnikov were unfazed and as soon as he deemed the enemy boats destroyed or damaged sufficiently he ordered that the pier be the next target. There were several guns placed on it but they didn’t return our fire - their crews must have fled. By now the expanse of the river was lit up and we realized that we were alone! The enemy artillery must have cut off the passage for the rest of our flotilla. On top of this it was discovered that we had lost control of the boat. The steering-gear had been damaged by enemy fire so we tried turning the rudder by hand, but this only made it worse. It got completely jammed and we had to shut down the engines. Our torpedo-boat bathed in light and was an easy target. At any moment, we excepted cross fire from the headland and the pier. The boat was slowly drifting toward the bank on the same side as Kazan when it got caught in a half-submerged wreck of a barge. Whatever firing there had been died away, it was as light as day and as silent as night.’
Trotsky drank a little cognac and continued, ‘We were trapped. Or so we believed. We found it perplexing that we were not being fired upon by artillery. We had no idea about the panic and chaos our raid had created among the enemy. Finally the young commanders decided to push away from the wreck and steer the boat, albeit awkwardly, by the alternation of the right and left engines. It worked and with the fire still burning behind us, we made our way back to headland and into the darkness. There were no more shots. The battery placed on the hill didn’t fire and probably there was no one there. On the way back we discovered the charred remains of our improvised gunboats lying on the shore. We picked up the few survivors there was and returned home. It was but an hour before dawn. We all felt as if we had been born a second time.’
Ivanov smiled, ‘I know that feeling very well. It’s exquisite.’
‘I have never thought of it as exquisite. It does give you a new perspective on life. Anyway, the effect of our raid was spectacular. Upon the Whites on the Volga, the word “torpedo-boat” had the same effect the word “tank” had later on the young Red troops defending Petrograd. There were even rumors saying the Bolsheviks now had Germans fighting with them. The prosperous classes began to flee in hordes from Kazan.’ Trotsky scratched his neck, lost in thoughts, ‘Soon, the state of our forces in the area improved beyond recognition. Improvised units without cohesion were reinforced by worker-communists from Petrograd, Moscow, and other places - this transformed them into regular units. The morale and discipline of the regiments became first class. Within the units, the commissaries acquired the importance of revolutionary leaders, of direct representatives of the dictatorship. The tribunals demonstrated to every one that the revolution, when threatened by mortal danger, demands the highest sacrifice. Propaganda, organization, revolutionary ideals in practice and repression produced the necessary change in a few weeks. An indecisive, unreliable and disintegrating mass was transformed into a real army. Our artillery had forcefully established its superiority. Our flotilla controlled the river. Our airmen dominated the air. No longer did I doubt that we would take Kazan.’ Trotsky’s eyes were dreamy and he smiled at the memories.
Ivanov leaned forward, the flames in the fireplace reflecting in his eyes, 'remember Lev, whatever ideology you believe in, it’s just a human interpretation or wish of how the world works. Or should work. Marxism-Leninism is based on some ”truths”, there’s no doubt about that, but don’t make the mistake of confusing the map with the territory. If you want to keep socialism or communism viable and alive, you need to make sure that it evolves with your and the Bolshevik state’s understanding of the world. Otherwise you will fall into the trap of dogma. This is especially important in warfare. The officer corps should not spend their time worrying if their manuals and documents include enough Marxist platitudes, they should simply focusing on how to make war most effectively. An Analysis of the industrial and military strength of our neighbors are these days filled with gibberish about how they will implode in the long run due to class struggle and how it’s inevitable that war will be waged upon us because we’re the planets sole socialist state. This is pure poppycock.'
For a moment, Trotsky was angry and he was about to blurt out something to the effect that officers didn’t understand politics and the value of political indoctrination. He managed to stop himself and Ivanov smiled at him as if he understood the struggle within the commissar. ‘Mikhail, I appreciate your straightforwardness, even when I don’t agree with you. However, tonight I do agree with you. I’m convinced that political indoctrination and revolutionary leadership is essential for our armed forces. Having said that, no, our officers should not spend time worrying that their field manuals, reports, or what have you does not have the right political content. Your statement is of course very interesting outside the military world as well. How to keep communism alive, evolving and grounded in the real conditions of man without losing its essence.’
The two men continued their discussion for another hour, made a few chess moves and then said good night. Trotsky was lucky if he got three hours of sleep. Then he had to be back to the Commissariat.