Chapter 54, Downing Street, 24 June 1940
Halifax received Sir Samuel Hoare in good humour. Sir Samuel, a former Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary and once a man ‘tipped for the top’ bowed to his Prime Minister and informally, Halifax suggesting retiring to the gardens. It was a beautiful summer morning, with not a cloud in the sky. Halifax held Hoare in esteem; he seemed to the Prime Minister a man of conscience. As a key supporter of Chamberlain he had nevertheless been a key advocate of increasing Britain’s naval power, the ships that were soon to take their place at the van of the Royal Navy. And Halifax felt a keen sorrow for Hoare’s self-torture over Munich. But despite his misgivings he had supported Chamberlain and Halifax and as such was held in high regard.
“Samuel, I am gwateful for your visiting me. I thought perhaps you could stay for lunch. Nothing too heavy, it is so warm I do not think that I could abide a full lunch.”
“It is a lovely day My Lord. Of course I will stay.”
“Good, good. Lemonade?” Halifax was tactfully reminding Hoare.
“Oh yes of course,” he began to fill two tumblers from a small jug. “Have you had an opportunity to read my briefing?”
“Yes, I have. You think now is the time for Newall to go?”
“I think it is an ideal time. After all, the Air Chief Marshal has been in office for three years. And he’s still,” Hoare sighed. Halifax looked expectantly at his Secretary of State for Air. “He’s still furious with us for overruling him during the invasion of France.”
“Did we?”
“Well,” Hoare paused, choosing his words carefully. “You may recall that he opposed the reinforcement of the RAF presence in Northern France.”
“But did he thweaten resignation?”
“Not as I remember, Sir, no.”
It was a good point, and Hoare noted it. “Unfortunately he is still vexed about it all. He thinks that we sacrificed his precious RAF to strengthen our position at the negotiating table.”
Halifax, characteristically, pursed his lips. “I see. When were we thinking of weplacing him?”
“As soon as we have allocated a replacement. With Ironside leaving as CIGS now is a good time to consider a new Chief of the Air Staff.”
“Do we have a candidate?”
“Well, this may sound odd, but I am impressed by Dowding.” Halifax raised an eyebrow. “I know that it may sound dubious, replacing one curmudgeon with another, but his vision for Fighter Command is a good one.”
Halifax wasn’t convinced. Of all the senior military positions, he sensed this would be the most difficult to assign. Stanley was already proving to be a highly effective First Lord of the Admiralty, complementing the First Sea Lord, Pound (and Stanley seemed eager to keep Pound in post), whilst Dill was already proving a godsend in the War Office. But the RAF’s future was being hotly debated. There were some, Halifax new, who still wanted a large strategic bombing capability to act as both an offensive tool and a deterrent. Others, and here Halifax suspected Dowding would ally himself with Hoare, argued passionately for a strong interceptor network, aided by the new radio direction technologies and providing a powerful defence (in tandem with the Royal Navy) of the Home Islands. Others, Hankey and Eden in particular, favoured developing aircraft that could work closely with the Army. The Prime Minister, in truth, new very little about aircraft or their employment. As Foreign Secretary he had visited Germany and Italy, and had been awed by their air forces. The RAF, he had counselled himself, was equally as impressive.
But, he allowed,
I have read the reports of an aerial attack on England, particularly London. I know how aeroplanes could wreck our economy, and smash our cities. If Dowding wanted to comprehensively protect the British mainland, he would have the Prime Minister’s full support.
“I think Dowding would be useful in the Air Ministry. Will he accept?”
Hoare smiled. “Now that you’ve denied him a chance to lead Fighter Command against the Luftwaffe? He’ll certainly be tempted.”
[Game Effect] – Newall steps down as Chief of the Air Staff and Dowding succeeds him. Halifax, I think, would have swallowed some of the German/Italian propaganda about bombers ruling the skies and would, as a senior member of the government, have read the gloomy estimates for the effects of bombing on the UK mainland. Because of this Dowding, a flag-waver for Fighter Command, would have been an attractive choice as CAS. Historically, Portal of course took over from Newall after impressing Churchill with his powerful advocacy for strategic bombing (he was CINC of Bomber Command prior to his appointment as CAS) and becoming one of the few senior British officers to impress the Americans. For Halifax though, the 30’s nightmare of “the bomber will always get through” has taken hold and the CINC of Fighter Command, rather than Bomber Command, is promoted. Interestingly, this is another rare example of ideology overriding personality as the key requirement for consideration for a job. Hankey, Stanley, Dill, Beaverbrook, even Eden, have been appointed to their respective positions because of their personal attributes (or power within the party/nation which I guess is similar). “Stuffy” Dowding will not be the easiest person to work with, but such is Halifax’s worry over a bomber threat that he is prepared to go along with the best candidate to deliver a solution. The only other person appointed because of their beliefs is Butler, kept as a Foreign Office minister (and made Leader of the Commons) because of his pro-appeasement credentials, despite misgivings over his ability.
Sir Samuel Hoare (later Viscount Templewood) saw his fortunes wane throughout the late ‘30s, culminating in his dispatch to Spain in 1940 upon Churchill’s becoming PM (he requested the Viceroyalty of India, but Labour would not have condoned this for a second). For the moment Halifax is content to let him soldier on as Air Minister.
Enewald: Why? Surely they’re more likely to accept the offer of free land before storming out of the Commonwealth.
Trekaddict: Well, he’s got three months before the election in which to make his mark on the world.
I loved your scenario of an ‘aid to Russia’ scandal restarting the war. Halifax would have to be careful as overt assistance would of course be in breach of his agreement. Would he try covert means? I think he’d have to be pushed into it.
El Pip: Sadly true. Labour in 1940 would have a difficult time in office, especially as there has been no huge war to settle much of the issues of the day. But the Tories have had a rollercoaster of a time since Halifax came to power which would have weakened their position.
Trekaddict: Looking forward to it.
GeneralHannibal: Interesting thought, not sure that Attlee would be any better at this stage.
Morsky: Joking aside, there was definitely a Oligarch side to Halifax. And at the moment, democracy looks very vulnerable.
Kurt_Steiner: :rofl:
All: No update until Sunday night (GMT) at the earliest as I’m playing the dutiful husband again and visiting the in-laws.
