The Battle of Yaviza was actually the largest of the war. Winfield Scott, battle hardened from Mexico though, was more than prepared to defeat the Colombian forces that were mostly conscripted. With General von Ziegler commanding a devestating cavalry charge, the Colombians were force to retreat to Quibdo, with the Royal Army in rapid pursuit.
After General Scott's victory at Qubido, Colombia's standing armies were mostly in shambles. This would mark the last outright confrontation between the two armies, and Colombia was forced to defend itself for the rest of the war with hit and run tactics to minimal success.
At home, Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was released to critical and popular acclaim. It depicted the horrors of slavery, and galvanized Northern opinion against the Colombian War, with many seeing it as a war to expand this "horrid institution" even further. The Queen herself read the book and actually became increasingly sympathetic towards the anti-slavery cause. She decided to end any break up of families on her own plantations. However, going so far as to free her slaves was out of the question, as many Southerners would see that as an intensely hostile act.
In response to Uncle Tom's Cabin and continued Whig and Free Soil opposition to the war, Prime Minister Cass gave a speech to Parliament, denouncing the "winds of change for the sake of change" and lionized the American military and its continued success. It did not completely stem the anti-war tide, but it did much to hold back some of the flood gates.
By August, Colombia was forced to sue for peace, ceding the very valuable land in Panama. It was lauded as a major victory by the Crown, and following the war, several companies have invested in land speculation in hopes of profiting from a possible canal in the region.
After the war, Panama was immediately granted the status of commonwealth, but in hopes of preventing Northern outrage, the territory of Santa Fe was made into a free commonwealth, in hopes of preserving the Kingdom's peace and status quo.
As the American colonies continued to develop, it was thought that prisoners who could not be readily made into de facto slave labor, it would be more prudent to send them to penal colonies in the American Caribbean. In some of these prisons, the death rate could climb up to 75%.
Southern interests continued to press for the expansion of slavery, and Northern nationalists were still willing to accommodate expansion into the south. George Dallas, the former Deputy Prime Minister, had lost his Congressional seat to a Whig opponent, but was seeking a return to politics. Despite coming from a military background and the nobility, due to his anti-tariff stance during his tenure as Deputy Prime Minister, it would be impossible for him to win an election in his native Pennsylvania. He instead decided to form a lobbying firm in Columbia, drawing from not only his legal education and his close ties not only many sitting members of Congress, but also his past experience working with the Queen herself.
Queen Charlotte had initially not been as supportive of expansion to the south. Aside from Panama and the Mexican cession, most of the lands taken under here rule were just backwater lands that were good for plantations. She saw slavery in particular as a frustrating political flash point between her commonwealths. But Northern Mexico had some significant resources, including gold and dye. The added aspect of new territories to add to the crown appealed to the Queen's nationalism, and she agreed that she would consider a war for the territories.
With royal patronage to the effort, and Dallas pushing forward on the matter, significant traction came over further American expansion into Mexico. Many in the Nationalist movement were swayed by the thought of further expansion, and agreed to support a war.
In mid 1852, the Queen became pregnant and on February 15th, 1853 gave birth to a healthy young daughter, whom she named Charlotte Louisa. Both the Queen and Prince consort were quite fond of their daughter, with Prince Julius saying "If it were another boy, he would have belonged to the state. Instead, she belongs to us." She was given the courtesy title of Princess of Louisiana, an honor the people of the commonwealth appreciated.
By 1853, the Royal Army had consolidated in Texas and American forces staged an incident on the Rio Grande. Officially, a Mexican raiding party had crossed into Texas and attacked a nearby American patrol. Unofficially, that did not happen, at all.
Unofficially, a Mexican patrol had been kidnapped on Mexican soil, spirited away to Texas, and killed by their American captors, but in the initial confusion of the times, American nationalists pressed for a response. Queen Charlotte, herself a supporter of continued American expansion, declared war on Mexico, and Congress provided ample funding for the military, in spite of the opposition of the Whigs.
As immigrants continued pouring into America, flocking to live under a rich, liberal monarchy, many settled in New York, but others sought out cheap land in the frontier. One such area was North Dakota, where a commodity stock market was created in the regional capital of Hohenzollern due to the numerous companies operating in the region.
Much of the early Second Mexican War was doing light skirmishes between American and Mexican forces, with each side invading the other. It was not until October that a significant clash occurred at the Battle of Animas, where American forces under Russel Barstow crushed poorly trained Mexican conscripts.
Barstow would be responsible for repelling the Mexican attacks in California and Nevada while the main American thrust went south to capture Sonora, Chihuahua, and Mexico City. It was an unpopular strategy that forced many Americans to flee in the face of the Mexican forces, but it did much to limit American casualties in Mexico proper, where cities and fortresses fell one after another.
The elections of 1854 were an absolute disaster for The Grand Party, losing a massive amount of votes and just barely keeping Congress. The Grand Party as a whole lost dozens of seats in the West to those who were outraged that the Mexican Army had successfully attacked California. Cass was roundly denounced for his handling of the war effort, but also there was political frustration with Cass, who was seen as out of touch with the common American man.
Of particular note was "The Partridge Letter", an open letter to the Queen from Sheriff Benjamin Franklin Partridge in Michigan which turned into a massive personal attack against Prime Minister Cass. The Whigs made major gains in the North, and though Cass kept his own seat, many in the Grand Party felt that Cass could not continue being an effective leader. Cass decided to resign instead of being relegated to the back benches.
With war in Mexico a clear action for expansion of slave-holding commonwealths, the Grand Party knew they would need to nominate a Northerner. New York in particular wanted a native son for Prime Minister, and as the most populous commonwealth, many agreed that should be the case. A possibility discussed was Thomas Seymour, but he had only been governor of New York for two years. Instead, a more neutral candidate was selected: Matthew Perry.
Perry had become a celebrity for his record in the Navy, but was not tarnished by the failure to defend California like the Generals Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor. He was more remembered for his successful trip to Japan where he succeeded in opening the Japanese market and placing the region in America's sphere. He was from New York, was an expert on military matters, and had no known views on slavery; a perfect compromise candidate.
As a part of a campaign to mollify anti-war factions in both Congress and America, Prime Minister Perry convinced the Queen to reduce conscription times to one year. The Prussian camarilla at court advised the Queen against this, feeling that the army would be ill-prepared for conflict, but she felt that ultimately a strong corps of volunteers would better serve her than a conscript rabble that could be found in Russia.
General Barstow's continued thrashing of the Mexican invasion forced the Mexican government to ultimately sue for peace. Mexico did not agree to renoucne their claims, so the Queen ordered that not a dime be paid to the Mexican treasury; the lands would be American *by right of force of arms *. This was derided by some, particularly in France, Britain, and Whig newspapers, but ultimately no one was willing to challenge it.
After the war, Cohauila, Sonora, and Chihuahua were all admitted as slave commonwealths to the Kingdom. The soil was not at all conductive to plantations and slavery, but Southern interests were promised that a campaign of disenfranchisement and manipulation of the populace would ensure that either the Mexicans wouldn't vote, or that they would be made to vote for pro-slavery Grand Party candidates.
The new borders of the Kingdom of America. The Queen was particularly interested in the idea of connecting an empire from Baffin Bay all the way to Tierra del Fuego, and was quite pleased with the results of the Second Mexican War.
After the war, the Whigs were able to rally enough popular opposition to the constant wars of expansion that the Queen was ultimately convinced to do away with the draft altogether. This was opposed by some in the Army, but ultimately many felt it was the proper decision to ensure there was less animosity to war; if a son was leaving, it was their choice, not the choice of the draft board.
America's continued imperial expansion saw more and more friction with local customs and languages. Oftentimes, it was asked that local interests were considered, but the Queen demanded a policy of full assimilation, and English was made the only law of the land and the economy.