Since the first discovery of alien life, a self-critical mood had developed among many liberals and intellectuals, which held that aliens must be superior to mankind. After all, how could anyone look at Human society, with its rampant inequalities, its festering divisions, and its myopic destruction of Earth’s environment, and conclude otherwise? Now, for the first time, an alternate view developed. Humans, for all their flaws, might be rare in their capacity for good and their love of individual freedom. It was a stark and unsettling welcome to the galactic community.