Prologue
An Overview of the Latin Empire, Part 2: Iberia
Of Jimenas and de Zadorras
The history of Iberia is deeply linked to that of the Reconquista and the ongoing war between Iberian Christians and Moorish Muslims that was waged for centuries over control of the peninsula, and to the political machinations of two major noble houses -- the Jimenas, who ruled most of Christian Iberia in 1066, and the de Zadorras who eventually usurped them.
For the Christian kingdoms of the north, Medieval history is an alternating series of holy wars to reclaim the peninsula for Christendom and intra-Christian wars as the different ruling families struggled to become the sole dominant kingdom of the peninsula. For many years the Jimena family was the undisputed dynasty at the top of the Iberian political ladder, ruling every major Catholic kingdom in the region. While 1066 saw the north divided between six different realms, Castile quickly became the most dominant kingdom, which swallowed up Navarre, Leon, and Galicia into one great kingdom, with Aragon in the northeastern corner as its sole rival -- all within the Jimena family.
That changed in 1217 AD, when a Crusader kingdom of Andalusia was created under the Breton King Briac de Penthievre, uniting the southern peninsula into a great kingdom that could challenge Castile for dominance. A bitter rivalry quickly developed between these two Christian regional powers, and with the last of the Islamic Emirs purged from the peninsula, wars between these rival Christian realms became increasingly commonplace. The balance of power was relatively steady, even slightly favoring Castile, until a decisive political move gave Andalusia the upper hand. The de Zadorra family had been the Counts of Alava for many years, eventually rising to become the Dukes of Navarre in 1178. By marriage, the primary branch of the de Zadorra family inherited the Kingdom of Andalusia in 1280 AD, giving Andalusia control over territory in the Castilian north.
Under the de Zadorra dynasty, Andalusia surpassed Castile for the first time. and the long-dominant kingdom fell on even more difficult times when Portugal broke away and regained its independence. Substantially weakened, Castile -- which eventually came to be ruled by another branch of the de Zadorra family, which viewed the Andalusian branch as a prime rival -- was unable to prevent Andalusia's capture of Valencia and the eventual annexation of Aragon.
The Empire of Cordoba was founded In 1386 and quickly grew in power, protecting the Knights of Calatrava while waging on-and-off wars with their rivals in Castile. Cordoba had been an empire for less than a century when it was merged with the Latin Empire on Pelaio's succession, making the acceptance of the dual empire difficult for many of the local nobility.
Cordoba was a very ethnically diverse empire, comprised of a mixture of Basques, Bretons, Castilians, Catalans, and Andalusians in Iberia and Tunisians and Bedouins in Africa. Catholicism, heavily influenced by the Mozarabic Rite, was the dominant religion of the Empire, but significant Sunni minorities remained in many regions. Historically, the powerful vassal Dukes of Cordoba were very aggressive and assertive, resulting in a decentralized empire that saw frequent in-fighting and scheming. Still, the Empire was a strong one thanks in large part to its control over the valuable trade port of Gibraltar, the gateway to the Mediterranean and an area of both military and economic importance. As an empire in its own right, Cordoba had the potential to rival the Latin Empire in military and economic resources, making the acceptance of a twice-crowned Emperor difficult for some. If the union of the empires succeeded, the result would be a nearly unstoppable Mediterranean powerhouse. If it fell through, it was likely that Cordoba would have the resources to stand on its own and still rule as a formidable power in its region.