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Easy1

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Combined arms

An idea for future patching and tweaking in AOD. You have to read all of this, its exiting :p

Why is it that each nation’s army irl is composed of and engages battle with dozens of different types of brigades? Why is this preferable if paratroopers and heavy tanks have the best stats and independently perform the best in battle?

The answer is quite simple. Each type of brigade or arms fills an important unique function in the division or army as a whole. All types of brigades engaged in battle fulfill each other’s performance and make one and other better. In mid and late 20th century warfare you will simply not succeed with large scale operations on the battlefield if the balance between your different branch of arms is inadequate.

An army is not only an organization, it’s an organism too. If some part of the organism fails or is missing it will impinge on the performance of the whole organism. Just like a human body or a chess game. In chess, the horse is useless as your only piece left on the chessboard, accompanied by a queen and some pawns though it can be very dangerous. The human body is totally dependent on every organ (with some exceptions) to support its existence, if one of these fail all others is likely fail.

The difference in quality between different arms of a military does not have a hierarchical structure – one cannot rate different types of brigades or battalions by quality from one to five. It would be as meaningless as to rate the importance of the organs in your body from one to five. All organs in your body fill a function and they are all hence inevitable.

We have all seen it. Successful multiplayer campaigns where one of the players only has constructed one type of arms, and have an army compassed of for example merely tanks or paratroopers. Actually, the existence of different brigades in HOI is of more of esthetics than of importance. One can easily conquer anything without a single support brigade. Such madly unbalanced campaigns are not as likely to succeed in reality as in HOI and I’ve already explained why.

This neat thing is totally missing in HOI, it’s yet very important and can be called interconnectivity or interdependence, more precise the interconnectivity/interdependence of/between arms. The Interconnectivity in war also explains why there are no absolute rules of success in war. War is unpredictable. War is chaos.

I started this thread with some questions and I’d like to finish it with some too. Why is it that mixing your arms with different branches of army is not necessary and even not preferable in HOI when it’s done in a very large scale by everyone in real life? Is it a myth that a combined army will perform better than a segregated one in war? Probably not. A mixed army have been preferable to a monotone one since the very beginning of warfare. Notable ancient warriors like Romans, Alexander the great, Persians etc. all took advantage of it. The answer to why combining arms is not necessary in HOI, is of course that there is no combined arms bonus whatsoever during battle. The best brigades are the most expensive ones, but they are indeed the very best in absolute terms.

Yes, there is a doctrine for combined arms but it’s a different matter from what I am talking about. The doctrine is more about increasing an advantage that already exists and can (should have been) be taken advantage of.

Sure, we can discus if a monotone and specialized unit will perform better than a mixed and generalized one in small and isolated operations (Guerrilla War for example). In large scale operations however (like most battles in HOI), with dozens of divisions on each side constituting tens of thousands of men, the mixed and generalized army will most likely prevail.

My suggestion is to implement the combined arms bonus in battle. The more types of brigades engaged and the more reasonable the quantitative balance between them is shared the larger the bonus will be. I’m not sure of how great this bonus should be, but it should be there. Yes, it should be there but it should be implemented with carefulness, speaking of the Winter War and the Vietnam War (guerrilla tactics). You can ask yourself this question however: would the Finns and the Vietnamese have done a better job if they had a broader spectrum of equipment, letting them combine their arms to a greater degree?

Damn, silly generals of some wars makes it such a hard task to make a historic and at the same time realistic war game. You know guys, historic is not always realistic :p
 

The Andy-Man

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You are absolutley spot on. I remember playing HoI, and tank only armies where great. In real life they are not actually that good on their own, and they are far to expensive to build that many anyway. In any major war, foot infantry with attached brigades would be the norm, and those brigades will frequently be signals, logistics, recon etc.

It depends on how the unit strengths are measrued, and for HoI I have forgotten :(

An example of the importance of combined arms would be to look at British fighting tactics in 1916-1918, which was where many of the combined arms theories of WW2 owe their origin.
 

Easy1

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"My suggestion is to implement the combined arms bonus in battle."

But isn't that in already? Or have they changed it from how it was in HoI2?

http://www.paradoxian.org/hoi2wiki/index.php/Combined_Arms

It remains to be seen if (unbrigaded) infantry-only hordes are still a valid strategy, though.

Oh, I was not aware of that.

There is still a problem though. The bonus is somehow not significant enough – you don’t have to take it into account.

Reasons:
1. To get the Combined Arms bonus, the mix of hard vs soft divisions has to be within a range of 1/3 to 2/3
2. Brigades are not a factor in the ratio

Me thinks this should be a significant bonus during battle, and the bonus should indeed have a visible icon just like “hills”.

Spite the huge cost of it, all armies strives to have lots of different types of arms in their army, and combine their services during battle.

Well, does it really remain to be seen when it comes to mid and late 20-century warfare? Personally I don’t think so.

An army composed of only tanks could of course have some benefits in some strange cases, but in the big picture, with new technology I think it will be a catastrophe.

One can of course discuss how many tanks, and how many paratroopers any army should constitute, but I consider an army composed of only one branch of arms as totally irrational.
 
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Well, the actual combat modifier is easily moddable. It would be neat if AoD has improved the current system by having it look at the overall softness factor for each formation and grant a CA bonus where it applies (a la HoI3) instead of the HoI2 system where "hard" and "soft" units are hardcoded, and a SH-Arm brigaded INF div would never benefit from CA bonus.

"An army composed of only tanks could of course have some benefits in some strange cases, but in the big picture, with new technology I think it will be a catastrophe."

With new technology, and with old technology. However this isn't really a problem as things are, unless you are willing to stick to a very, very reduced, tank-based army. Tanks use up an insane amount of TC, so it's at the very least a rather risky thing to try anyway... as opposed to the endless hordes of unbrigaded INF which work fairly well. That's one of the things they have been tweaking, so hopefully it's no longer cost-effective to simply build an extra INF div instead of an arty or eng brigade.

http://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/showthread.php?t=439164
 

Balesir

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Combined Arms in AoD is different from HoI. It is calculated for each division, not for stacks. This is really the scale at which CA makes a difference; how well a division works together. The bonus is proportional to the 'Softness' times the 'Hardness' of the division, so divisions with very low or very high softness get little or no bonus, and it is calculated after brigades are taken into account. Adding heavy armoured brigades to infantry divisions will help; adding them to armoured divisions will not. Of course, an armoured division with added heavy tanks will be a pretty potent (and expensive!) force, anyway - but its combined arms will be poor. Finally, the scale of the bonus has been set according to our judjement and playtesting - but the value is in misc.txt, so you can mod it to suit yourself (and your friends, if you play multi-player).
 
Jan 8, 2010
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Combined Arms in AoD is different from HoI. It is calculated for each division, not for stacks. This is really the scale at which CA makes a difference; how well a division works together. The bonus is proportional to the 'Softness' times the 'Hardness' of the division, so divisions with very low or very high softness get little or no bonus, and it is calculated after brigades are taken into account. Adding heavy armoured brigades to infantry divisions will help; adding them to armoured divisions will not.
Variable, softness-dependent CA bonus? I don't remember seeing that in the Dev Diary. Regardless, that's an awesome improvement. Can't wait to get my grubby paws on this game!
 

Easy1

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Combined Arms in AoD is different from HoI. It is calculated for each division, not for stacks. This is really the scale at which CA makes a difference; how well a division works together. The bonus is proportional to the 'Softness' times the 'Hardness' of the division, so divisions with very low or very high softness get little or no bonus, and it is calculated after brigades are taken into account. Adding heavy armoured brigades to infantry divisions will help; adding them to armoured divisions will not. Of course, an armoured division with added heavy tanks will be a pretty potent (and expensive!) force, anyway - but its combined arms will be poor. Finally, the scale of the bonus has been set according to our judjement and playtesting - but the value is in misc.txt, so you can mod it to suit yourself (and your friends, if you play multi-player).

Well, then the core of what I’m arguing for is actually in I think. Awesome!
 

The Andy-Man

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Combined Arms in AoD is different from HoI. It is calculated for each division, not for stacks. This is really the scale at which CA makes a difference; how well a division works together. The bonus is proportional to the 'Softness' times the 'Hardness' of the division, so divisions with very low or very high softness get little or no bonus, and it is calculated after brigades are taken into account. Adding heavy armoured brigades to infantry divisions will help; adding them to armoured divisions will not. Of course, an armoured division with added heavy tanks will be a pretty potent (and expensive!) force, anyway - but its combined arms will be poor. Finally, the scale of the bonus has been set according to our judjement and playtesting - but the value is in misc.txt, so you can mod it to suit yourself (and your friends, if you play multi-player).

Thats a nice summing up I think! Though, combined arms is in effect even at Platoon/Squad level (In UK WW1 terms, The Machine Gun squad, mortar/rifle grenade squad, bomber/grenade squad and rifle squad). Without that combination, non of them can really do much of anything, put together they become highly effective. Also, this platoon I have just described is effectivley a combined arms army in miniature.

Above that, Brigade co-operation with the artillery is essential in offense and defense, and once again, with out this cooperation neither on its own can do much.
A mech infantry unit can over run the enemy line, but they still need foot soldiers to clean up the mess, Close Air Support is effectivley in instant at long range artillery, tanks I don't know enough about outside of WW1.

Basicly, without combined arms, an army can't do much but attack on mass (at which time to combined arms of their opponent will desimate them at all ranges).

On top of that, no army in history has survived for long with out combined arms tactics. Take Ney's unsupported cavalry charge at Waterloo.
 

unmerged(87183)

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One thing I would like, reading this thread, is an Infantry Brigade. Just normal Infantry that you can attach to your Tank Divisions, helping them out.
 

Balesir

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We haven't added it, sorry - but there are several brigade tags 'free' for you to add your own extra brigades with.
 

Alex_brunius

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What OP is missing though is that in HoI2 plain infantry represents alot more then just a huge bunch off rifle squadrons.

A Infantry divisions in HOI2 with no brigades actually represents a standard Infantry division with all the AA, recon, light+medium artillery, AT and other small sub-elements already present that are below brigade size (less then 2000men).

Attaching brigades only represents exceptionally large concentrations off that weapon kind larger then normally found in divisions. As have been said most Combined arms except
air-land/air-navy/navy-land CA is already represented inside the divisions.


Combined arms in HoI is only on the strategic level, not tactical. Your using Arm divisions, Mot divisions, Inf divisions and CAS together to overcome the enemy. Arm in the element where they are strong (plains and flank/behind enemy lines) and Inf in defensive or harsher terrains for example.
Some negative modifiers already exist here, the flank penalty for a division fighting an offensive and a defensive battle at the same time for example. But Off-course more negative modifiers can always be added, for example land units under air bombardment could perform worse in battles or move slower.
 
Last edited:

Cardus

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One thing I would like, reading this thread, is an Infantry Brigade. Just normal Infantry that you can attach to your Tank Divisions, helping them out.

We haven't added it, sorry - but there are several brigade tags 'free' for you to add your own extra brigades with.

Please be aware of the fact that tank divisions need mobile infantry (motorized/mechanized) otherwise the infantry cannot follow the tanks
 

Blecky

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Combined Arms in AoD is different from HoI. It is calculated for each division, not for stacks. This is really the scale at which CA makes a difference; how well a division works together. The bonus is proportional to the 'Softness' times the 'Hardness' of the division, so divisions with very low or very high softness get little or no bonus, and it is calculated after brigades are taken into account. Adding heavy armoured brigades to infantry divisions will help; adding them to armoured divisions will not. Of course, an armoured division with added heavy tanks will be a pretty potent (and expensive!) force, anyway - but its combined arms will be poor. Finally, the scale of the bonus has been set according to our judjement and playtesting - but the value is in misc.txt, so you can mod it to suit yourself (and your friends, if you play multi-player).

What OP is missing though is that in HoI2 plain infantry represents alot more then just a huge bunch off rifle squadrons.

A Infantry divisions in HOI2 with no brigades actually represents a standard Infantry division with all the AA, recon, light+medium artillery, AT and other small sub-elements already present that are below brigade size (less then 2000men).

Attaching brigades only represents exceptionally large concentrations off that weapon kind larger then normally found in divisions. As have been said most Combined arms except
air-land/air-navy/navy-land CA is already represented inside the divisions.


Combined arms in HoI is only on the strategic level, not tactical. Your using Arm divisions, Mot divisions, Inf divisions and CAS together to overcome the enemy. Arm in the element where they are strong (plains and flank/behind enemy lines) and Inf in defensive or harsher terrains for example.
Some negative modifiers already exist here, the flank penalty for a division fighting an offensive and a defensive battle at the same time for example. But Off-course more negative modifiers can always be added, for example land units under air bombardment could perform worse in battles or move slower.

While I completely agree with combined arms at strategic level it seems that AoD will use it in a more or less tactical way. There has been quite some discussion according to the question if brigades are really brigades or rather battalions. Looks like AoD leans more towards the latter.
 

unmerged(87183)

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Please be aware of the fact that tank divisions need mobile infantry (motorized/mechanized) otherwise the infantry cannot follow the tanks

Good point.
 

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While I completely agree with combined arms at strategic level it seems that AoD will use it in a more or less tactical way. There has been quite some discussion according to the question if brigades are really brigades or rather battalions. Looks like AoD leans more towards the latter.
Combined arms affects operations at all sorts of levels. It starts within a company, in a way - heavy weapons platoons are the "first level" of CA. It happens within brigades, certainly - and within divisions. It doesn't apply very noticeably above that - Infantry Divisions and Armoured Divisions certainly have different roles, but the mix of the two that you use in an attack or even a defence is not really a 'combined arms' consideration.

In AoD we represent the issue of the balance between armoured and non-armoured elements in a division in the way I described. Now, this is not really the totality of what is covered by "combined arms" (obviously), but it's the only part we have felt the need to represent specifically in the game. This is not because we don't realise that divisions already have a mix of arms in them, or are under some misapprehension that a "vanilla" infantry division does not already have artillery and support arms organic to it. It's because the balance of armour in a division was something that was developed during the war; both sides got it wrong initially, both modified the de-facto division make-up later.

As regards adding an infantry brigade to a division; in a way this is attractive, as you could have 4-brigade divisions this way (some nations did have very large divisions). The problem I have with adding them to Armoured divisions, though, is that you are applying Gamers' 20:20 hindsight, here. We know now that a 50:50 armour mix is about optimum; the participants in WW2 had to find that out the hard way. It's a bit like saying "I have read up all the details of 1945 US doctrine, so when I play as US I should be able to apply the 1945 doctrine from 1936...

For motorised/non-motorised Infantry - put a speed cap on non-motorised infantry brigades and adding that to your armour will be quite possible - it will just slow them to walking speed... (If they already have 'Maus'es this may not matter! ;) )
 

Mjarr

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The problem I have with adding them to Armoured divisions, though, is that you are applying Gamers' 20:20 hindsight, here.

Make infantry brigade historical year around '42\'43 (or same with motorized) and it has several pre-reguirements (E.G. atleast X infantry, or X mot infantry) ? :p

That way you couldn't simply techrush them properly in the 30s or apply them the moment the war breaks out.
 

Blecky

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Combined arms affects operations at all sorts of levels. It starts within a company, in a way - heavy weapons platoons are the "first level" of CA. It happens within brigades, certainly - and within divisions. It doesn't apply very noticeably above that - Infantry Divisions and Armoured Divisions certainly have different roles, but the mix of the two that you use in an attack or even a defence is not really a 'combined arms' consideration.

In AoD we represent the issue of the balance between armoured and non-armoured elements in a division in the way I described. Now, this is not really the totality of what is covered by "combined arms" (obviously), but it's the only part we have felt the need to represent specifically in the game. This is not because we don't realise that divisions already have a mix of arms in them, or are under some misapprehension that a "vanilla" infantry division does not already have artillery and support arms organic to it. It's because the balance of armour in a division was something that was developed during the war; both sides got it wrong initially, both modified the de-facto division make-up later.

As regards adding an infantry brigade to a division; in a way this is attractive, as you could have 4-brigade divisions this way (some nations did have very large divisions). The problem I have with adding them to Armoured divisions, though, is that you are applying Gamers' 20:20 hindsight, here. We know now that a 50:50 armour mix is about optimum; the participants in WW2 had to find that out the hard way. It's a bit like saying "I have read up all the details of 1945 US doctrine, so when I play as US I should be able to apply the 1945 doctrine from 1936...

For motorised/non-motorised Infantry - put a speed cap on non-motorised infantry brigades and adding that to your armour will be quite possible - it will just slow them to walking speed... (If they already have 'Maus'es this may not matter! ;) )

Thanks for the answer. I do have some vague ideas that might not just go with this concept but as I´m not moving on solid ground I´d rather skip them. We´ll see how things work out - once the game is released :p