The World 1820-70... a short recap
I foresee a day when all the empires of the world shall be destroyed from within, by the hands of the peoples thought to be without battle in their blood. It is an assumption which will be costly in the end.
Oswald Spengler, The Patterns of Empire: Waxing and Waning 1926
Scottish forces held onto the soil of France for a full two decades until it finally seemed time to set them free. On May 18, 1832, Scotland convened The Congress of Tours, to discuss the end of French vassalization and the restructuring of Western Europe to prevent French aggression towards the north of the continent.
To regain its sovereignty, France was forced to concede its overseas colonies to the victors of the previous war, grant the independence of Cologne, Helvetia and Alsace-Lorraine and allow for the annexation of Kleves and Pfalz by the Dutch, conditions which were harsh, but deemed fair by the international community. In exchange for these concessions, Scotland renounced its claims on Berri and gave it back to the French.
Of course, Austria, sensing this new weakness in its neighbor to the West, attack within months of the independence of the now stripped French nation, and was greeted by the not only a well-trained and armed French army, but two divisions of Scottish reserves, who were to be the last Scottish troops on French soil and were scheduled to leave just a month after the first attack in this new war. This fully-committed Scottish forces, and as an act of good faith, gave the French claim over any lands that they won in battle. Weeks became years, and soon the French had created a wide corridor of land to Munich, and demanded peace at the cost of a few border provinces, terms which Austria and her allies had no choice but to give into on September 15, 1837.
The German principalities, particularly Prussia and Saxony, were growing ever closer as a defense against Austrian encroachment, made their alliances more codified in law with the creation of the monarchy of Prussia-Saxony. With the heavy tactical and geopolitical losses Austria had suffered the decade before, the time seemed right for the Northern German states to feed upon their divided and weakened Southern neighbor.
In the War of Confederation(1838-42), Prussia-Saxony, with their combined forces numbering over half a million, drove southward towards Vienna, and in a few battles, were close to achieving their goal, but the tired and almost broken Austrian army fought their superior armies to a draw first near Prague and then pushed them back in the second battle two miles west of their original battle. Buoyed by this sudden success, they chased their enemies into their own lands, and began an short offensive in early January 1839, but the winter got the better of them, forcing a retreat and leading to a virtual standstill in the war for two years. Finally, with the addition of Poland to their alliance and an agreement with the Ottoman Empire, the Austrian Empire was partitioned a battle at a time until German and Turkish troops met outside of Vienna, and forced new lines on the map to be drawn. For Prussia-Saxony, they claimed all the land north of the Danube, and west of Salzburg, Poland claimed Carpathia, Moravia, and Maros, while the Ottomans claimed Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia and Pest. Austria, devoured by her enemies, nonetheless still possessed a good deal of land, stretching south into the Italian pennisula.
Spain during this time period was finally able to absorb both Portugal and Aragon, making for the first time, a united Iberian pennisula a reality. However, it was still not powerful enough to keep its bloated colonial empire, and as decades passed, it gradually had to release its colonial provinces to vassalage and outright freedom from their monarchy. Lithuania also had a resurgence in its own power and began expanding its territories around the world, in particular, picking up a few colonies in the Caribbean and Central Africa. It also "took back" territories which it had held centuries before from Poland, with Scottish support.
Scotland had its own problems with its colonies. In North America, its interior colonies were routinely subjected to attacks by a far more organized set of tribal bands than when their first settlers arrived centuries before. The leaders of this new revolution were the Catholic Spanish-educated Creeks, who became the dominant tribe in the Americas. Through able leadership, they were first able to stop the inward progression of European settlers and then push them out of areas they had previously settled. By 1870, most of the tribes of Western North America were in some way or another part of this movement by the Creeks to reclaim the continent that was once wholly theirs. The Spanish, who were the Europeans that had lived closest to them were the first to be pushed off the continent.
The Far East also saw their scattered nations becoming stronger supranational entities. A Grand Alliance of smaller nations, from Malacca to Dai Viet banded together to fight Western and Chinese encroachment in their sphere of influence, and both Scotland and later, the Netherlands and France agreed to stop all new colonial activities in the region for unfettered access to their major markets. Austria, Spain and Russia continued their colonial attempts in the area, and sparked a massive uprising throughout the region. China was also wary about interfering in the policies of the region and instead turned its attentions towards Korea and Japan, taking both early in the 1860's.
The Moslem World, with the ever-strengthening Ottoman Empire to the West and the waning Sultanates of Oman to the South and Delhi to the East toyed with the Pan-Islamic movement beginning in the 1840's and stretching into the early 20th century. However, the debate was always who should be the leader of such an amalgamation, so little came of this movement except dischord and a few minor inter-dynastic wars. However, there was a strengthening bond between the small island sultanates of the Far East and the Ottomans, which lead to a quasi-alliance to unite their correligionists against their infidel neighbors.
These changes would lead to some of the bloodiest conflicts in the history of the world but it would take decades for the outcome of each of these individual acts to come to fruition.
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