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canonized

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october2008cover.jpg

Welcome to the AARLANDER , AARland's monthly publication ! If you would like to write for the AARlander , contact canonized or English Patriot - everyone is welcome ! Also , what's the best way to support the AARlander aside from writing ? Give comments ! Put your comments in the AARlander: Comments and Discussion Thread for our writers to read !​

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[I][U][B]Editor in Chief and Cover Artist [/B][/U][/I]: 
canonized

[I][U][B]Editor[/b][/u][/i]:
English Patriot

[I][U][B]Assistant Editors on Staff[/B][/U][/I]: 
General_BT  Estonianzulu

[i][u][b]Secretary[/b][/u][/i]:
Avernite

[I][u][b]Contributors for This Month[/b][/u][/I]: 
The_Guiscard   Grubnessel   trekaddict
likk9922   robou   Doge Robert
ElidioEmperor   Capibara   degeme 

[I][U][b]Other Writers or Contributors on Staff[/b][/U][/I]: 
Judas Maccabeus  LeonTrotsky  Hajji Giray I  TreizeV  Cyrus_The_Great
JimboIX  VILenin  Grubnessul  jeffg006  Myth  grayghost  Kurt_Steiner
Mettermrck  DerKaiser  KanaX  Alfred Packer  AlexanderPrimus  Atlantic Friend
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[B][U]TABLE OF CONTENTS[/U][/B]

October Issue

[B]PART I: THE WRITING EXPERIENCE[/B]
   [anchorlink=I1]History, Human Psychology, and the Narrative AAR by The_Guiscard[/anchorlink]
   [anchorlink=I2]Realism vs Game Mechanics - a WritAAR's Thoughts by trekaddict[/anchorlink]
   [anchorlink=I3]A Narrative, Natural by Grubnessul[/anchorlink]
   [anchorlink=I4]Regnum Iudaeorum and a Brief History of the Hebrews by likk9922[/anchorlink]

[B]PART II: AARLAND ISSUES[/B]
   [anchorlink=I5]The Interview Article and AARland by robou[/anchorlink]
   [anchorlink=I6]Do Unto Others As You Have Them Do Unto You by Doge Robert[/anchorlink]

[b]PART III: OCTOBER SPECIALS[/b]
   [anchorlink=I7]Paradoxes by ElidioEmperor[/anchorlink]
   [anchorlink=I8]Dos de Octubre No Se Olvida: A Tlatelolco Massacre Chronicle by Capibara[/anchorlink]
   [anchorlink=I9]Things to Keep in Mind While you Travel by Degeme[/anchorlink]

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[b][u]Previous AARlander and INSTRUMENTALITY Editons[/U][/B]

[URL=http://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/showthread.php?p=8843680#post8843680]The AARlander Issue #12 September 2008[/URL]
[URL=http://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/showthread.php?p=8739503#post8739503]The AARlander Issue #11 August 2008 ACA Results Edition[/URL]
[thread=364263] The AARLander Issue #10 July 2008[/thread]
[thread=359869] The AARlander Issue #9 June 2008[/thread]
[thread=354778] The AARlander Issue #8 May ACA Results Issue[/thread]
[thread=349326] AARlander Issue #7 April 2008[/thread]
[URL=http://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/showthread.php?t=344752]Instrumentality March 2008[/URL]
[thread=340744] The AARlander Issue #6: February 2008[/thread]
[thread=336567] The AARlander Issue #5: January 2008[/thread]
[thread=332878] The AARlander Issue #4: December 2007[/thread]
[thread=329391] The AARlander Issue #3: November 2007 [/thread]
[thread=316106] The AARlander Issue #2: August 2007[/thread]
[thread=311400] The AARlander Issue #1: July 2007[/thread]
 
[anchor=I1]History, Human Psychology, and the Narrative AAR[/anchor]
by The_Guiscard

Historical films are experiencing a comeback, historical books are booming like never before, historical documentations on TV abound, and historical simulations like Europa Universalis are drawing an ever increasing crowd. Whence this fascination with bygone times? Is it the battles? Is it a perceived insignificance of our own lives? Is it some reassurance derived from the observation that nothing that’s human last forever? I think it’s nothing of the above. Being a professional historian and researcher, I have given my own lifelong fascination with bygone ages serious thought, and I have asked many students and colleagues about theirs, and I think I have found an answer that is true for the majority of us history buffs: The human factor.

History has something very romantic and exotic about it, the kind of exoticism a very foreign country with foreign people and foreign customs has. This exoticism does not derive from colourful costumes or something along these lines, it derives from our stupefied realization that human beings like ourselves can be fundamentally different from what we take for granted about the way human beings feel, think, or act. We glimpse this alien-ness in others when speaking about the “different mentality” of people in places like the Middle East, but the alien-ness we encounter in bygone ages goes far beyond this still.

Aristotle, one of the West’s greatest thinkers of all times, formulated a world-view that was held even before his times and that remained unquestioned for half a millennium more: That some humans are naturally born slaves and that it is proper to enslave them. Nowadays, nobody will deny the exact contrary: That all humans share the same right to personal freedom. For thousands of years, humans held it true that leading an existence pleasing to the gods did not in the least entail adherence to any kind of religiously-fuelled moral code in their daily lives, but merely the correct fulfilment of religious rites, making sacrifices at exactly the appointed time in exactly the prescribed way. Nowadays, all modern religions hold that living a life according to the ethical commandments of their faith is what matters, not conforming to rituals – no Christian thinks for instance that he will go to Hell for making the sign of the cross with the left instead of the right hand. The ancient Greeks believed that their legal codes derived from certain laws inherent to nature and were thus a direct reflection of what the gods wanted for the world and for human beings. Nowadays, we think that no legal codes are inherent in the world but created by human beings instead, and we realize that practically any inhumane thing could be made into law or has been at some time; most of the Holocaust was for instance conducted in perfect accordance with the laws Germany had given itself at the time.

I could list many more instances of strangeness of world-views, but I think that I have made my point. At other times, human beings, who basically were like us today, who loved and hated, who were ambitious and greedy, selfless and generous, who felt the same emotions and impulses than we do and who suffered from the same fears than us, who, in one word, were no different from us, were nonetheless extremely different from us in other respects. They based their decisions big and small on very different systems of believes, and that makes them alien to us. Just imagine for a moment how different modern human beings would behave if all of us held Aristotle’s view that some people actually are natural born slaves and that it is completely right to suppress and exploit them and that failing to do so meant going against nature itself. Changing even one component of or outlook would make us alien to ourselves, and the outlooks of people of former times were different from ours in not one, but many components.

And herein, more than in costumes and custom, lies the exotic alien-ness of bygone ages. If we travel there in our minds, we encounter people whom we recognize as being basically like ourselves, but who still are fundamentally different. We realize the scope of human potential, all that humans and humanity can be, and we are fascinated by it. The fascination with history is a fascination with ourselves, with human psychology.

And this is where the study of history meets the writing of fiction. Fiction has many facets, be it action, comedy, suspense, romance, whatever, but there is one aspect of fiction that is true to all types of it. Depending on our personal taste, we can make do without action or maybe love scenes, but we can never dispense with well-rounded, believable characters whose motivations we can understand, even if we may not endorse them. Nothing makes us turn away from a piece of fiction as quickly and disgustedly as the feeling that the protagonists behave in an absurd or random way, that they are implausible. It is not without reason that of all the many aspects of writing, it is only characterization which is specifically singled out on these boards – there is a “Character Writer of the Week”, but no “Action Writer of the Week”.

I am quite convinced that the essence of fiction is human psychology. In watching fictional characters undergo dilemmas, reach decisions, and act, we see ourselves reflected in them. Life gives us no chance for a rehearsal, every moment of it is a première, and we can’t go back and do another take if we are not happy with how the scene did play out. But fiction is our one chance at something approaching a rehearsal. We watch other – fictional – people make decisions, and we see where those decisions lead them. This teaches us something about human behaviour and interaction, whether we realize it or not. Fiction is all about human beings – or, in case of animal or extraterrestrial protagonists, beings with a psychology to which we can in some way relate – undergoing a crisis, and how they master it or fail to do so. It is all about human dilemmas and thus ultimately about psychology, it is no less than the ant farm of humanity.

The preoccupation of fiction with human psychology does therefore in my mind make the historical novel, or the narrative historical AAR, for that matter, the perfect vehicle to transport the strange mindsets of other ages. To me, the very lack of emphasis of the deviation in world-views is the main point of criticism of historical films out of Hollywood – all too often, protagonists and even humanity at large are portrayed as subscribing to values and mindsets that were at their times simply not held. The ideas of equality and freedom, and equal freedom for all, so dear to us today, come to mind as especially common and galling anachronisms. By portraying people of other ages as functioning by sets of values similar to our own, the film industry robs these other ages of the very thing that made them different, and exotic, and fascinating. This is infinitely worse than simply getting props or the wardrobe wrong – these things are only outer trappings of an alien-ness that is much more profound than mere visuals.

It was not an initial concern, but it did soon become one of my own AAR to convey the – to us - very alien mindsets of the high middle ages. While trying to avoid overtness, I strive to have my characters act in ways that would be strange to us, but that were completely natural to them. The medieval mindset was not only very different from our own, this difference does moreover transcend the mere matters of casual cruelty or religious fanaticism and encompasses determinism, lack of any kind of relativism, a belief in the inherent inequality of people, religious absolutism, and many, many more things along these lines. It is people who in a way were no different from us today acting upon these alien world-views as naturally as us acting upon our belief in equal rights common to all people what made other times really strange, and exotic, and fascinating, and I feel that conveying this fundamental strangeness and in extension the relativity of sets of values and of human behaviour is a worthy thing to strive for in every narrative alternate history AAR set in distant times.

The_Guiscard is the author of Furor Normannicus
 
[anchor=I2]Realism vs. Game mechanics – a WritAARs thoughts[/anchor]
by trekaddict


It's a problem most writers have encountered at some point, and that I myself encounter almost every day. Shall one slavishly follow the game mechanics, however ridiculous they can be at times or should one rather take some liberties with it in order to make the story more realistic? In Hearts of Iron 2 it can be small things, for example having the odd Bhutanese Militia in Europe, the unlimited range for AI controlled Navies, or big things like the fact that a stack of Battleships escorted by Light Carriers can sneak up on a CV fleet in broad daylight and destroy it with ease. I am sure in other Paradox Titles it is other things. How does a writAAR deal with that? He basically has two choices. He can ignore the unrealism of the mechanics and write what actually happens in the game or he chooses to bend and partially ignore game mechanics and tries to play the game as realistic as possible. Of course it is a choice everyone has to make for himself, and the results of both decisions can be good, don't doubt that, I however believe that realism must come first, as much as I believe that there is a point were realism has to make way for the fun the WritAAR must have in his 'work' in order to deliver a high-quality product. It is a question that I face every day. Do I build Battleships that are so much cooler than anything else or do I build Carriers that are more realistic and believable? Do I attack Northern France that would be easier for me to sustain and supply or do I attack somewhere in the Med where it would be more realistic considering the British Government at the time? I deal with this in the following way: 1. How much fun is it to do it? ( For example when playing Japan, do I go north, against the SU, or do I go south against the Allies? Siberia is boring so I go south most of the time ) 2. How realistic is it in concern to the real War? ( See BB vs CV ) 3. Would the political and military necessities of the time allow me to act that way? ( See Med vs Northern France ) and lastly 4. How hard is it to pull it off?

While all these are certainly valid factors, at least in my own game of choice, the WritAAR faces the same problem, whatever game he writes about, and he has to decide at one point. Whatever he does, he has to be absolutely sure about it as it influences the AAR for the rest of its existence, whether it is still ongoing, abandoned or complete. It can be the fine line between failure and success, if not on the Battlefield, where it rarely is, rather in the process of writing itself. Someone once told me that it is possible to write up a realistic way for a BB fleet to sneak up on a Carrier Task Force perhaps once or twice, but after that it would get outlandish and unrealistic. This is of course not true for all the other Paradox titles, but the principle remains the same as far as I can tell considering my limited experience with Viki and CK. It is of course in the end always the up to the WritAAR to choose his way, but I for my part have chosen semi-realism is the way to go, and I've been practising that ever since the days of my Germany AAR. What does that mean for me both while playing the game and writing the AAR? Firstly, none of my beloved Battleship stacks. No overblown and ridiculously large Tank formations. No zerging of the British with massed Interceptor wings. No dropping 45 Airborne Divisions behind the Soviet lines on the opening days of Barbarossa. You get the idea.

Why is that? Simple. Despite everything said before its still just a computer game and even the most realistic writer can only work with what he's given by the game. He will sometimes be forced to invent creative things to explain the oddities of the game, sometimes the games oddities will have to be ignored in order too keep the story believable. In the end however it is still up to the author, and I am sure that whatever way he chooses he will give his best. I chose semi-realism simply because I wanted to and because it suits me best, and other ways might suit other witAARs best, and it's not my place to decide that for you, and whatever you do remember that the game is there to further the story, not the other way around.

trekaddict is the author of Against all Odds: The United Kingdom in World War Two
 
[anchor=I3]A Narrative, Natural[/anchor]
By Grubnessel

Meanwhile in Canonized’s lair of evilness:

Canonized: Welcome, young Grubnessul. I have been expecting you.

Grubby peers at the hooded figure defiantly. Canonized then looks down at Grubby’s comedy ideas.

Canonized: You no longer need those.

Canonized motions ever so slightly with his finger and Grubby's comedy ideas fall away, clattering to the floor. Grubby looks down at his own hands, free now to reach out and write something silly. He does nothing.

Canonized (to Grubby): I'm looking forward to assimilate you amongst my minions in the Tempus society. In time you will call me Master.

Grubby: You're gravely mistaken. You won't convert me as you did with those poor fools.

Canonized gets down from his throne and walks up very close to Grubby. Canonized looks into his eyes and, for the first time, Grubby can perceive the evil visage within the hood.

Canonized: Oh, no, my young writAAR. You will find that it is you who are mistaken...about a great many things.

Evil Yet Nameless Tempus society Henchman (EYNTH): His plot twists and character flow charts, master.

EYNTH extends a gloved hand toward the Canonized, revealing Grubby's notebook.

Canonized takes it.

Canonized: Ah, yes, a writAAR’s notes. Much like that of my Tempus society minnows’. By now you must know those silly gooses can never be turned from the narrative AAR side. So will it be with you.

Grubby: You're wrong. Soon I'll roll on the floor laughing my ass off (ROFLMAO) ...and you with me.

Canonized grins.

Canonized: Perhaps you refer to the imminent update of your comedy AAR.

Grubby looks up sharply.

Canonized: Yes...I assure you we are quite safe from your silly humour.

Grubby: Your story telling on epic scale with multiple character developing lines, timelines and plot twists is your weakness.

Canonized: Your silliness and b-rated humour is yours.

*Total and utter silence… building up the tension…*

Canonized: It is unavoidable. It is your destiny. You, like the members of the Tempus society, are now mine!

--

Hi, I’m known on these boards as Grubnessul. If you liked the piece above, you should either check out my comedy AAR: “There might be Vikings out there! Or: How I accidentally traded my wife for a halibut.” Or if you’re already familiar with it and I hope you will continue to follow it. However, I’m not here to shamelessly advertise myself.

--

A burning pain lashed through his flesh as the bolt struck him, sending a burning fire through his very being. This couldn’t be, they couldn’t have found him, not here. As his sight slowly returned to his eyes he looked up to the snowy roofs. As black ravens they had surrounded him from all sides. Assassins. Snowflakes started to cover him as his blood formed a puddle on the stones around him. Looking up again, he noticed one of the assassins standing above him.


“Why?” he muttered, losing strength with every breath. The assassin pulled back her hood, revealing a pretty face, surrounded by raven black hair. Her big blue eyes locked on his.

“You broke the Commandment,” she replied, “and there was paid for your blood. Gold for blood.”

“It was a… setup…”

A smile moved over her face for a second, never reaching those big, blue eyes. Eyes as frozen lakes. “That’s not of the business of the Guild, and you know that. You knew the rules before you joined the game. Now live your choice…” again a smile feigned across her face, “or rather, die at least with the dignity a crusader.”

--

And that was something more or less in the style of the piece “Viva la Revolution” I did for Canonized in his interseason showcase .

So why do I write this? Canonized asked me to write a small article here about my narrative. The base idea for the story came after Canonized posted a short courtroom drama. Being a Continental (European) law student, I was interested by the ideas he had used in it, and moreover the archaic character of the law (Church courts), which basically lacks any of the improvements the French Revolution brought us.

After discussing the situation a bit in the Timelines topic, some ideas started to form in my head how the French Revolution would have been like in a universe with a world conquering Spain. Or better: how it would not have been, as the Spanish Empire did not adopt the things our French Revolution has brought.

The most notice worthy event in the start of our French Revolution was the storming of the Bastille, so I decided to include that as well in Canonized’s universe. The central problem of this story was the “why?” France had been a part of the Spanish Empire for ages, so a sudden outburst of Nationalism alone would be strange, also it wouldn’t explain the lack of Montesquieu’s ideas in Spain. Starting the Revolution in 1748 was the key; this is the year Montesquieu died in our timeline. And so he did in Canonized’s alternative time, but this time by the hands of an evil Spanish Inquisitor (of whom Canonized corrected me right that he was too evil, but that’s another story). By making Monetsquieu a people’s hero, I had everything I needed; a source for the uprising and why his ideas were never implemented in Imperial Spain; he was a heretic and rebel in the eyes of the church and crown. From there, the story created itself, adding events, characters (mostly named after people from Canonized’s work) and more subtle references than I’m used to make (which noone has pointed out so far now.)

This, I think, brings me to another point Canonized wanted me to write about: the difference between writing comedy and doing a narrative. First of all, the difference isn’t as large as you would think on the first glace. For me, both start with a central idea, plot or quote from which I construct a skeleton of what I want to happen, and which fills itself in slowly during the process.

For Vikings it is most of the time either a quote or story idea I have to adept my game to (yes, there is still a game as base for Vikings) or a part of game time something fits to a certain quote or dialogue. The difference between the ways I write Vikings and Revolution here is minimal, both start around a few lines and than weave in the plot (as far as there is a plot in Vikings, of course).

On the other hand, there is a huge difference between the few lines of dialogue of Vikings and the massive wall of text Revolution turned out to be. The main part of this difference is description; Vikings leaves whatever is to complex to describe in a few words to your imagination, while Revolution fills in much more and tries to export pictures or at least a general taste of the atmosphere to the reader. And tries to make the reader actually care for what happened to Antonio, Xavier and the others, while I doubt anyone would cry about Harold’s or Barf’s death.

Finally, the aim of the story is of course totally different, in Revolution I tried to answer the “why?” question I mentioned above, while Vikings in essence is a parody on the very essence of AAR writing, including continuous references to “the writAAR” and even introducing (and ridiculing) myself as a semi-character.

In the end, however, the main similarity between the two stories is that both have been very much fun for me to write, and I hope for you to read.

Grubnessel is the author of There might be Vikings out there! Or: How I accidentally traded my wife for a halibut
 
[anchor=I4]Regnum Iudaeorum and a Brief History of the Hebrews[/anchor]
By likk9922

It is the late 400’s BC. A strapping young man in full Hoplite armor stands among a band of fearsome, relatively underdressed Celtic warriors. He is obviously different than then them in many more ways than just protection, though. Their skin is pale and decorated with many intricate, colorful tattoos; his olive-toned skin is left unadorned. They worship a pantheon of many gods, the spirits of their natural surroundings. He worships only one god, Yaweh, the creator of the world and all which resides in it. They speak in an ancient Indo-European tongue, he an even more ancient Semitic language. Finally, under the loincloth, they differ in a slightly less obvious fashion, which you will be spared the details of for this forum’s status as “family friendly”.

He is a Jew of the tribe of Ephraim, and they are Brittanians of the tribe of the Regnensii. Although dissimilar in so many ways, this boy and those warriors share a remarkable bond of friendship. But how did this Jew end up among Britons? How did this friendship come about? I must regrettably admit that I am not at liberty to answer these questions. These answers will be given, however, in Crusaderknight’s brilliant AAR, “Regnum Iudaeorum”, in the Rome subforum. It is an excellent story, detailing the adventures of one Jehu ben-Ahaz, his quest for redemption across thousands of miles of European wilderness, and his exploits along the way. This tale is also accompanied by its eponymously named mod for Europa Universalis: Rome, which lays out a Jewish Britain, complete with new factions, flags and characters. The AAR is highly recommended reading, having elements of romance, suspense, action and even comedy rolled into it. It’s pretty well written to boot. The mod looks quite good as well, and although I have been unable to play it as of yet I have heard some excellent things about it.

Oh, wait- I see some virtual hands shooting up. What’s that, Canonized? You don’t understand what I am writing about because it lacks historical context? And English Patriot, you say that you wish to know some of the background of Jewish history? Well, although it should be noted that a lot is explained in within the story itself, and Crusaderknight quite obviously did his research, perhaps a quick crash course in the pre-exilic history of the Hebrews is in order.

The Jews, according to the Torah, were enslaved by the Egyptian early in their history, and toiled under them for about four hundred years. They formed up into twelve tribes: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulon, Joseph (further split into Ephraim and Mennasseh), and Benjamin while under the Egyptian yoke. When they finally did escape under Moses the prophet, they were forced to wander through the deserts of the Sinai Peninsula for forty years. Finally, they reached the “Promised Land”- Canaan, or modern day Israel. Now, being the land chosen for them by G-d, it was a pretty nice place to live, and as such was already inhabited when they arrived by idol-worshipping Canaanites. The Canaanites were subsequently defeated in a series of battles and either escaped, were killed, or were absorbed into the Israelite tribes.

This paved the way for the Hebrews to settle Palestine. They divvied it up among the twelve tribes (Levi’s tribe got squat, as they became the priestly class), and lived there for quite a while. They were at first lead by a series of judges, the most famous of whom being Samson and Deborah, who settled disputes amongst the people and lead the armies in times of war. The Jews got tired of the judges one day, however, and asked for a king. They got one in Saul, whose rule went badly- so badly, in fact, that another king (David) was crowed while he was still reigning. Saul subsequently got killed in battle and David assumed the throne. He beat back the Philistines, frequent enemies of the Jews, expanded Israel to its greatest extent, and then died. His son Solomon assumed the throne. A more peaceful man than his father, he built the First Temple, supposedly unmatched throughout the world in its grandeur. He also built many more public works and expanded the trade systems and influence of the Hebrews.

The northern ten tribes and the southern two (Judah and Benjamin) had their differences, however, and split soon after Solomon’s death, becoming the kingdoms of Israel in the north and Judea in the south. Both kingdoms were fairly small and weak, and quite vulnerable to invasion. When the Assyrians came down from the north, Israel and those ten tribes were destroyed. The other two tribes, Judah and Benjamin, were defeated by the Assyrians soon after and were sent into exile in Babylon, but managed to retain their identity, becoming the Jews of today. These two tribes would regain independence several more times throughout history. The other ten tribes are what are referred to as the “lost” tribes. They were evicted from their former kingdom and spread throughout the Middle East, seemingly disappearing from the face of the Earth. These exiled tribes’ fate is the subject of Crusaderknight’s AAR.

But in the real world, what happened to these tribes? They seem to have disappeared so quickly and simply compared to their southern cousins, fading quietly into obscurity while the tribes of Judah and Benjamin were hard-core, die-hard Jews who rallied hard to retain their identity even in foreign lands. In all likeliness they were simply assimilated into Assyrian culture, forgetting their identities like so many other peoples from throughout that area in ancient times. This hasn’t stopped there from being many theories as to an alternate fate for these lost tribes, though. Nearly every group the Europeans have encountered, from the Native Americans to the Japanese, has been hypothesized to be descendants of the lost tribes. Some far-flung Jewish communities, such as those in India and Ethiopia, also claim descent from these exiled Jews. While the world may never know exactly where the ten lost tribes went, it’s fun to think about. Perhaps that’s part of the reason Regnum Iudaeorum is such a fun read.

likk9922 is the author of War and Revelations- The Hebrew Uganda AAR
 
[anchor=I5]The interview article and AARland[/anchor]
By robou

As many of you may have noticed, the use of the ‘interview article’ has soared over the past few months (I am a notable user of it), so perhaps it is a good idea to actually have a quick study and learn about why we use them and what effect they have. On this analytical study we shall also chart the progress of the interview in a more general sense across the new face of AARland.

So first, let’s make sure we all can discern the different interviews. There are the ones which are used in articles like this. These are analytical or supportive of a point of view the author is trying to get across. Often the author will make a point; however, being the sceptical human beings we are, we might not totally take to that point. So here, the author plays his trump card; an interview from someone who has a standpoint of knowledge; perhaps a creator of a scheme or a person connected to the scheme in some way. If used badly, the effect will be nil, but used well and a supporting section of an interview can have a thought changing effect. The more analytical version will be the reverse of this, with the author writing support to give, for example, a wider view of the situation, while the actual interview presents a certain argument that has already taken place. This way, the person who was interview, in effect, controls how the authors view is interpreted. It presents a strong, if somewhat unpredictable argument as it is the words spoken by the person who was interviewed that come across as the main text, and is, therefore, the un-edited truth behind belief.

So how does the author choose which of these interviews to present? That would, most logically, depend upon the argument being presented. If the author wishes to present his own view, an article interested in persuasive writing, then it would be best for him to choose to control exactly what is said and write his view supported by others. Of course, sometimes this can lead to some frustration if the author cannot procure an interview which supports what he wants to persuade, though eventually there will be someone who shares the same view. Anyhow, this form takes time and effort, including editing what the author wants, but often gives the best persuasion. If the author wanted an article which informs about a certain venture or scheme, then his own view is normally quite irrelevant, as sceptically tends to make people unwilling to possibly waste time reading through a venture which they do not, in the end, enjoy. Therefore he needs to have a strong argument that shows exactly what is going on and why it is useful. So the interview, being the argument of the interviewee who is meant to know what they are talking about, takes centre stage while the author adds footnotes of justification and expansion on details which were, perhaps, missed out.

But I think I am jumping the gun, somewhat. I mean, where did it all start for AARland? The interview didn’t just arrive and immediately was used by everyone instantly; there must have been a culprit, someone who spread it. We needn’t look too hard than the ever inventive canonized. True to say, he didn’t invent the thing, but there is no record of any wide scale interview before the universally famous ‘canonization’. Only a few weeks after starting his epic piece of work; Timelines, canonized endeavoured to interview one person each week or so to raise awareness of new writers, as well as getting a large amount of in depth feedback for his AAR. This double edged sword was deadly effective and is now considered one of the highest honours in AARland. But when one looks at a canonized interview, it isn’t in an article and it isn’t trying to prove any point. This is a different kind of interview.

Canonization is not trying to convey any point across to anyone, but it is simply to get people, who otherwise might not be, noticed. It is not only that; Canonization gives an in depth look and introduction to who the person is. We may just be names behind a computer screen, but that doesn’t prevent a community friendship developing. Indeed, Canonization allows the community to free up some of the rigidity it can posses with names on a screen and gives it a much more personal touch. Indeed, Canonization can create chains of quite permanent friendship; of this I can vouch.

How this developed into the interviews we see in AARlander is quite simple. The power of Canonization (and therefore the interview in general) is quite clear; friendship is not an easy thing to garner. Yet, the interview manages to do gather the friends round eight times out of ten; an impressive record by any means. Of course, the manner in which this interview, and most of those conducted within AARland, is quite polite. The interview is, as I stressed before, terrible if used badly. So if canonized can use the interview with such force, then why shouldn’t it work at powerfully conveying a point. All it takes is a little editing and some hard thinking and you have an argument with force behind to back it up. It is almost, if you want, like some kind of military theorem about using reserves. An attack is good, but if you cannot keep it supplied and have a reserve to back it up when it is being attacked (that representing the scepticism of the reader) then it is a useless waste of energy and resources.

Therefore, it is easy to see the power that the interview posses and why it is so popular among the article writers. It is the real heart of the striking force, the final push that defeats scepticism and provides the author with a argument that is; if we take canonized as an example, roughly 80% more effective than it otherwise would be, depending, of course, of the quality of the interview and its editing. I hope that has given some insight to both writers and readers on why we chose the interview as a primary source of persuasion. It has certain made me think of some things I had never thought of before, so I am the better for writing it; a minor victory, perhaps…

robou is the author of
"I'm sorry, you're not the only one..."
 
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[anchor=I6]Do unto others…
As you have them do unto you…[/anchor]

By Doge Robert

Many people claim to hold this sentence close to heart and to abide by its teaching whenever and wherever they may do so. It is a very old saying, trying to tell us all, how to behave towards other people. And if we would all of us follow it, the world surely would be a much nicer place to live.

Sadly, we cannot change the world in its entirety, although most, if not all of us, would probably very much like to do so. But simply because we cannot change everything, does not mean we cannot change anything.

It all depends on what we decide to focus on. Do we focus on the immensity of the task before us, if we were to change the world, or do we try to find those small places, where we may actually do something? Where we, each and every one of us, might really make a difference.

But where might this be? You may ask and the answer is tantalizingly simple: Wherever we are.

Our choices may not always make a big difference, but they make a difference none the less. It is directly linked to the amount of influence we have in any given area. For instance, I may not be able to influence World Peace, but on the other hand, me deciding not to beat up my neighbor, because he annoyed me severely yesterday, has a rather big impact on him and on me as well. Likewise, if I decided to try out for a position in the city government and actually made it there, I would likely be able to make a difference in a whole range of different areas. The possibilities are endless, but the truly important thing to remember, is that we all make a difference, wherever we are, whatever we do, whether or not we know it.

So what, you may ask, has this to do with this community? Well, the idea that we all make a difference holds equally much truth here. As a matter of fact, it holds a lot of truth here, as we are, ourselves, very much able to decide just how much influence we wish to have. To a certain level of course.

As an individual member of the forums, we may not be able to decide what game Paradox will produce next, but the community as a whole might very well be able to influence that decision, or at least how the final product will look. Again, to a certain degree.

On the other hand, where our true influence as members of these forums is felt, is right here on the forums themselves. Every day, what a person write on the forums, may influence the decision of someone else, as he or she reads that post. How a person writes something is equally or even more important. You may also say that who writes something, is as important as what they write. And here I am not talking about the Paradox employees, but rather those members, among ourselves, whom we have chosen to respect.

To give you an easy example, I will compare myself to Lord Durham. Lord Durham is, as you may all very well know, a moderator on these forums, more specifically the AARs and Fanfiction - General Discussions – Forum, although he may or may not be a moderator on other forums as well.

When Lord Durham writes a post, most people tend to read it and respond to what he writes, whether by replying in text or by following what he tells or asks them to do. And to be honest, that partly has to do with him being a moderator. But do you think he always was that? Or was he, at some point, just a member like everyone else, using these forums in the same way, everyone else were? I don’t know, as I wasn’t a member at that time myself, but I’m pretty certain, the latter of my guesses is correct.

I on the other hand, am a fairly unknown member of these forums? Does that make me less influential than Lord Durham? To a certain degree it does, of course, since not only is he a moderator, but he has been a member of these forums for far longer than I and most people know and respect him. But, if you consider this, then what are the main differences between Lord Durham and me? The answer is time, dedication and opportunity. Lord Durham has been a very dedicated member of these forums, for a long time and because of this, he has had the opportunity to not only become a moderator, but also for people to know him, know about him and to come to grips with the idea that when he speaks, you really ought to listen, cause most of time, what he says makes a lot of sense. But to be honest, do I not have an equal chance of getting to that same point, if I showed the same dedication, supported the community as much as he has and still does? I theory I believe I do, although I cannot know for certain that my name will ever by surrounded with the same amount of respect that surrounds the name of Lord Durham and many, many others. And to be honest, it’s not really important, nor is it my point.

My point is this: That we all have the opportunity to influence these forums, as long as we are willing to be dedicated to the task. It may take time and even a lot of it, but it isn’t impossible, nor is it in vain.

But what then, should we try to influence? What would be a task, worthy of our time and effort? The answer, in my humble opinion is simple: The Community. The forums themselves are the home of this community of which we are all members and whatever we do, we should work towards bettering this community, for the benefit of us all. Not with selfish intentions, although if we work hard enough, it will in the end, benefit ourselves as well, but with selfless intentions, working for the good of the community as a whole, including all members whether we know them or not. That is the true spirit of the old saying, which I chose as a headline for this article. And in my opinion, it is the only way to use our collective influence the right way.

However and this is important to remember. Letting one’s influence be felt does not necessarily mean a lot of effort on one person’s account. Nor does it necessarily have to take a lot of time. There are many small ways to do this and as long as enough people are willing to make a little effort and put a little time into it, the result may be felt throughout the community and make profound changes anyway.

But how, you may ask, can I do my little bit to help? There are many answers to this, but if you wish for a concrete example, I have one for you. It was an idea I got one day, when a fellow writer let me know, that one of his AARs had very few readers and he felt sad about it. You may not find that important, but I did and I tried to think of a way, in which I could help him.
I wanted to advertize his AAR to as many people as possible, without being offensive or interfere in the threads of others, with what I did. In plain language, I didn’t want to spam my message in other AARs, but I still wanted my message out.

The answer, when it came to me, was at the same time both simple and complex.

Signatures are used by many members of these forums, to promote their own work, links they find interesting or some quote or other, they like and wish to share with other members. I use my own signature in much the same fashion. These sigs, as they are usually known, can be seen in any thread, across the forums, which any given person has ever posted in. And at the same time, people find them neither offensive, nor interfering. They tend to glance at them, when reading posts and not pay too much attention to what they say, but still, they see what is written there and if they find it to be of interest, they study it closer. At least I do.

So I thought about this and I came up with the idea to use my signature, to promote the AAR in question.

I wanted the message to be eye-catching, yet not offensive. I could have used flashy colors or enlarged text, but although that would certainly have caught people’s attention, it would have been annoying to read twenty times in the same thread and I made a special point to avoid that. It would not only be detrimental to my purpose, but I would have hated to see such a signature myself and thus, I did not want to make one.

I thought about it a little further and trying out a few ideas, I came up with one, which seems to have done the trick. I have written the idea I came up with next, purely to make it easier to explain.

An Irishman's Story ~ This new narrative Victoria AAR from Hardraade, author of the highly praised Return to Glory: A Germania AAR, is about William 'Billy' Killian, an Irish mob boss in Hell's Kitchen and his many troubles with the muscle-flexing Italians, among others. Although the story is still very new, the skill with which it is written, as well as Hardraade's usual flair for story-telling, makes it an absolute joy to read. So why don't you check out this pearl among AARs and show your support for a great story by an even greater writer. ~

First of all, I decided that simply posting a link to the AAR in my sig wouldn’t be enough, as it would most likely catch the attention of very few people. So instead, I wrote a short “review” of the AAR, what it was about and how I liked it. I started out by mentioning that the AAR was a Narrative one and that it was set in the Victoria game. Explained who had written it and mentioned another work of his, which was known by relatively many people. And then I gave a very short introduction to the story, along with a few descriptive words, to let people know what I thought about it and finally asked them to check it out and support it.

All that, in four lines of text, when seen in my signature. I added a few colors to highlight the promotion, making certain they weren’t too flashy or that there were too many of them. It was done to make people read the promotion, not get them to be annoyed at me for making something, which irritated their eyes, as they read a post by me. It takes a little testing, to make sure it works out, but it is well worth the time.

So, did it work? Well, I cannot say for sure of course, but within a day, roughly five or so new readers had joined the AAR, one of which at least mentioned that he had been directed there, from reading my signature. To me, that is enough and well worth my time and effort. Not only because the AAR had gotten a new reader, but because someone had gotten the chance to read, what I consider an excellent piece of work, which they might have missed, otherwise.

So, what is it I ask of you all?

I ask you simply, to consider how you may help someone else.

I like the idea of signature-promotion a lot, when done in a tasteful way and I believe it is a tool, which could benefit the community as a whole. Of course, one should ask the write first, before promoting his or her work, they might not like it, although I think most will. But I am absolutely certain, that if you just keep the rules of the forums, as well as what you yourselves would and wouldn’t consider inappropriate in someone else’s signature, then you’ll do it right. And if you happen to make some mistake? Well, there are a lot of people out here, who would be willing to help you out. That’s what being a community is all about.

Remember that I do not ask you to promote all the AARs you’ve ever read or all those you are going to read in the future. That cannot be done. At least, not by an individual.

But perhaps, if enough people took up the idea and promoted just one AAR, preferably one which could really use the help, maybe then, all together, we would be promoting all of them. At the very least, I consider it worth a try. And for everyone who takes up the idea, there is one more person out there, whose work is recognized and who might benefit from a little work on your behalf. And maybe, one day, when you write a new AAR, someone will return the favor.

I know that most people use the entirety of the 10 allowed lines of text (including empty lines) in their signature, but are you absolutely certain you cannot free one or two, to help someone else? Or perhaps push your text to one side and use the other side for a small promotion? The possibilities are there and I ask you to seize them. For the benefit of us all.

If you are willing to take up this idea, I ask that you take the time, to write a short introduction to what you are promoting. Not a long one, but just a few sentences and please, be honest when you do so. That way, when people see your promotion, they get an idea about what they will see, if they click the link and they know what to expect. And just as importantly, when they do glance across your signature, they might actually notice the promotion. Few people notice a single link, but if a few lines of text accompany it, they tend to read it through, at least I do. And if it sounds interesting, I’ll venture the guess, that at least some people will click that link and see what it’s all about for themselves.

I understand that not all people and maybe not even a lot of people will like this idea or, even if they do, be willing to take it up themselves. And that is alright. What I really wish for everybody to do, is consider how they might help someone else. How we, each of us, might use what influence we have, to benefit the community. It’s the same idea as when we donate money to charity, except it doesn’t cost anymore than a little bit of our time. If one person gives a dollar, it might not make much difference in the long run. But if a thousand people donate one dollar each, it’s suddenly a whole different story. And in essence, this is what I ask of you. Give a few minutes or even a couple of hours of your time to help someone else on the community, by writing up a small promotion in your signature. Perhaps even sacrificing a small part of what you’ve already written there. Isn’t helping someone else worth that much? I think it is and if enough people agree with me, then those few minutes or couple of hours given by one person will be multiplied by many and in the end, it will make all the difference for the community. And what is the community after all, but all of us, you and me and everybody else, put together? We are the community and thus, by benefiting the community, you end up benefiting yourself. You just happen to benefit a lot of other people at the same time. Whether by directly promoting their work or allowing them a chance to read something worthwhile, which they might otherwise have missed. And as I said, who knows, maybe someday, someone else will benefit you. That is the essence of the old saying: Do unto others as you have them do unto you.

Doge Robert is a contributor
 
[anchor=I7]Paradoxes[/anchor]
By ElidioEmperor


Paradox has come to mean something else to us, Paradoxians. It has come to mean this company that provides us with the games we love, and also this forum in which we spend far too much time.
But, as we all know, paradox also has a different meaning. “A statement, or group of statements, that leads to a contradiction or a situation which defies intuition”, to quote Wikipedia. I must admit that doesn’t really explain very well what they are, but the best way to know them is to experience and try to solve them.
The most famous and widely given paradox is the Grandfather Paradox. It involves you going back in time, killing your grandfather before he conceived your father. What happens then? I am not going to develop this paradox, simply because most people have already considered all the possible implications of it, and it’s easily found in the Internet. My job in this article is to show you some of the less known paradoxes, and the ones I find the most intriguing and/or difficult to answer. There are literally thousands of paradoxes, so I will only give you some.

Paradox of the Court
This is an Ancient Greek paradox and it goes as follows: “It is said that the famous sophist Protagoras took on a pupil, Euathlus, on the understanding that the student pay Protagoras for his instruction after he had won his first case. After a while, Euathlus had yet to take on a client and so Protagoras sued Euathlus for the amount owed”
Protagoras argued that if he won the case he would be paid his money. If Euathlus won the case, Protagoras would still be paid according to the original contract, because Euathlus would have won his first case.
Euathlus, however, claimed that if he won then by the court's decision he would not have to pay Protagoras. If on the other hand Protagoras won then Euathlus would still not have won a case and therefore not be obliged to pay.
Which of the 2 men is right? It is difficult to say, therefore why it’s a paradox, but my personal view is that it depends on one’s point of view and interpretation (like in many other paradoxes).

Grandfather’s Axe
This Paradox was first present in Robert Graves’ The Golden Fleece but it is simply a different version of another Ancient Greek paradox, The Ship of Theseus. The passage from the book reads as follows: “As the proverb says: "This is my grandfather's axe: my father fitted it with a new stock, and I have fitted it with a new head."”
The theme of this paradox is that if you replace part of something, it still stays the same thing. In this example the stock of the axe. If you then replace something else, it is still the same thing, in this example the head of the axe. Even if the whole of something is replaced, if it is replaced in parts, it is still the same thing, even though everything about it may not be.
This can be applied to thousands of other things, buildings, cars and even human beings, since our cells decay and die and are then replaced by others. It is estimated that in 10 years every single cell in our body is replaced. Does this mean we’re still the same “thing”? Or are we something different?

The Arrow Paradox (Not to be confused with Arrow’s Paradox)
This is the last of the paradoxes I’ll be showing you. This is my personal favourite. It was devised by Zeno of Elea, from... Ancient Greece. Here is the paradox: “If everything when it occupies an equal space is at rest, and if that which is in locomotion is always occupying such a space at any moment, the flying arrow is therefore motionless.”
Put in modern terms, as Robert Anton Wilson once put it: “If we were to take photos of an arrow during flight, during every single moment of its flight, in every single moment in time the arrow would be motionless. There would be no movement at all, even if there was virtually no time between the shots. How can the arrow move in “reality”?”
If it cannot move in a single instant, it cannot move in any instant.
There seems to be a mathematical and physical explanation for this paradox, but I will let you search for it yourselves. A good place to start looking for answers for these paradoxes, and for more paradoxes is Wikipedia.
I hope you enjoyed stimulating your mind and look forward to spending some time trying to solve these and other paradoxes!

ElidioEmperor is a contributor to the AARlander
 
[anchor=I8]Dos de Octubre No Se Olvida: A Tlatelolco Massacre Chronicle[/anchor]
By Capibara

October 2nd 1968, it seems to be a normal day in Mexico City, as you can see it if you take a quick look at the main businesses, the markets, the traffic of every day in the streets, etc. Everything seems to be calm, but turmoil has been present in the city for the last couple weeks. The Olympic Games will start in just eight days and President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz wants everything to be in order, but students want to use this event to turn the world’s attention to their demands.

The last months have been full of tension, with continuous clashes between groups of students and the police and the army, the latter taking the UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico) and the IPN (National Polytechnic Institute). Several students have already been detained without a real cause.

Today, thousands of students are marching towards the Plaza de las Tres Culturas (Three Cultures Plaza), making it the biggest manifestation so far of the movement. Among them, there is Gabriel, a twenty year old student who is studding medicine at the UNAM. Despite the pleas of his mother (“Please don’t go, something bad is going to happen”), he is determined to join his companions in this manifestation, hopping the government will hear them this time.

The shouts of “¡Únete pueblo! ” (People, join!) and “¡No queremos olimpiadas, queremos revolución! ” (We don't want Olympic games, we want revolution!) can be heard among the groups students, that keep growing as they get closer to the Plaza. When Gabriel arrives, the Plaza is almost full, is crowded mostly of students, but he can see that there are also some families with their children. Among the people, there are some who are wearing a white glove in the left hand.

mantlate.jpg

Gabriel can see the leaders of the movement addressing the crowd. “No more political prisoners!” “We want freedom of expression!” Each one of these shouts is responded with a unanimous cry from the students gathered. “Down with the president!” Gabriel responds along with the crowd, but he doesn’t notice the groups of soldiers that are starting to gather around the Plaza, virtually surrounding them.

tlatelolco1ua9.jpg

It was around 6:15 in the afternoon and it had begun to rain lightly. The leaders hadn’t seen the soldiers or had decided to ignore, because they continued to address the people gathered in the plaza as if nothing was happening. In that moment, Gabriel looked towards one of the windows of a building next to them; a moment later, someone shots from there while a flare illuminates the sky. The soldiers, thinking that the aggression comes from the manifestation, start shooting against the crowd.

At the sound of the gunfire, the manifestation starts dispersing in a disorganized way, towards the few exits unguarded by the soldiers, Gabriel runs toward one of the buildings, hopping he can hide in one of the apartments. He can hear screams around him and more than one bullet passes near his head. In his desperate run he turns around and sees how the floor is now full of bodies, while the lucky ones keep running. As he reaches the Chihuahua building he notices that the gloved persons are blocking the entrance and are not allowing anyone to pass, apprehending anyone who gets near¹, meanwhile, the shooting continues.

002sem.jpg

Gabriel tries to run in other direction, but he’s intercepted by one of the gloved ones. “To the floor, cabrón” he says, punching Gabriel in the stomach. Gabriel recoils in pain and falls to the ground. He then feels and intense pain in the side of the head and all goes dark.

Everything is confusion now, dozens of foreign journalists are caught in the middle of everything, attempting to show their credentials to survive, some of them are between members of the Olimpia Batallion, who give them a white piece of cloth for their hand, their taken afterwards to a room where all their cameras and films are confiscated. Students are not so lucky; they get chased even to the interior of the apartments, taking innocent people in the process. Dead is in the air now, the Plaza is full of corpses, while the soldiers chase the last groups of students that haven’t escaped.

Gabriel wakes up in a dark room, along with other students, who are sitting next to the wall. “All right! Everyone get up now!” someone has entered the room, it appears to be a sergeant or something. “Now take your cloths of, hands in the head and facing the wall, right now!”

022sem.jpg
023sem.jpg

“You come here” says the sergeant calling Gabriel, who gives a few timid steps towards him. The sergeant makes a move with his hand and a soldier behind Gabriel hits him with the butt of his rifle in the back. “He said you go with him, quickly!” Gabriel has fallen from the impact, but fearing another punch, he stands and walks towards the sergeant. As soon as his is within range, the sergeant uses his feet to make Gabriel fall, then, a group of soldiers get near and start beating him. Gabriel makes no noise, he is almost unconscious now. “Enough!” shouts the sergeant, while pulling out his gun. “Listen all of you, communist crap; this is what happens to those who are protesting against the government”. The sound of a gun firing breaks the silence, silence that returns again a moment later.

It is night now at the Three Cultures Plaza, and everything is quiet. The only sound that breaks the silence it’s that of trucks that arrive to the Plaza to take away the bodies of the killed students, trying to hide the evidence. Hours later as well, screams coming from the prison pierced the autumn night.

The next day tanks can be seen on the streets, but apart from that, it seems nothing happened during the night before. One week later, the 1968 Summer Olympics are inaugurated by President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz calling them the “Peace Games”. And yet today, forty years later, the wounds are still open and the scream of pain and anger can still be heard: “¡Dos de octubre no se olvida!”

***

Although the official, government sources claimed there had only been twenty dead people in the process, but years later, other sources revealed that the number was closer to three hundred people, without counting all of those who were are arrested and/or disappeared. Charges were never brought against Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, the president at the time or Luis Echeverría Álvarez, his chief of staff, who later become president of Mexico. In October 2003, it was revealed the U.S. involvement in the massacre, where the CIA provided the Mexican government with military and logistical equipment.



¹ The people wearing a white glove during the manifestation were in fact members of the Olimpia Batallion, whom the government had infiltrated between the students.

Capibara is the author of Italy: Tales of Friendship, Treason, Love and Death
 
[anchor=I9]Things You have to keep in mind while you travel[/anchor]
Degeme

-Always get the appropriate and necessary visa of your destination.
-If you are on a tour, always follow the schedule.
-If you are going to drink, please make sure that you are not visiting important places the next day, its not very fun to tour with a hangover.
-Wait until you are 21 to do a real trip, that its to make sure you can do and enter everything and every place, or at least with 18 years.
-Taste everything, consciously.
-Drink everything, consciously.
-If you are going to travel, don't suffer it, and if you do want to to suffer then don't make everybody else suffer.
-Live the whole experience of traveling like a villager of the place, not like a tourist, go to unknown and unvisited places, make things the common villagers do, dont be afraid and experiment everything.
-Travel with friends if you can.
-Save your money the more you can, you will never know if something happens, have a credit card just in case.
-Always, take with you drinking and food supplies, for example here in Mexico we took with us Tequila and to eat, Beans, Chili and some Chips, just in case we start missing it.
-Try to learn the basic words of the language of the destination, in case its not the same as yours, its always handful, if not then start practicing your grasp of the language.
-Before you go traveling, look for some key information of your destination, always be informed of the tourist, and non tourist places, as the type of money, weather, traditions and that sort of things, never go to a travel in blank.
-Always carry with you your papers, or at least a copy of them, for any emergency.
-In every hotel you stay ask for a card, its always handful to reach there worth the direction.
-Take your camera everywhere you go, every moment its an important picture.
-And finally star saving money for the next trip because once you have started you cant get away.

One of the most important things about traveling its to get to know you better, because when you are abroad, in some city or continent you don't even know, the farther this place is from your own city, the best, you get a chance to value the important things, knowing new and fantastic cultures, and principally, learning to tolerate yourself.

This are not the official tips of a traveler, but its the one that I have experienced once I start traveling, some of those were told by my family, and some others by my friends, I hope that help you in your travels or at least make you laugh a little.

Remember its always fun to travel, but never lose the conscious or the responsibility of your acts, learn to have fun and the most important thing, planned to be surprised.

Degeme is a contributor.