They could quiet easiely reflect that with an national focus. Overall, the japanese have the "Long Lance Torpedo" National Spirit which buffs their torpedos. The same could be done for the US as an slight debuff, with an national focus to remove that in the naval branch.
The US torpedos were extremely unrelieable, yes. With that said of course all nations had issues with their torpedos, while the japanese had an edge. The US Mark 14 were much worse tho, at times not a single of the torpedoes of an submarine even hit or detonated on impact. The issue there was that the torpedoes pretty much always went too deep aswell as not being very accurate. Submarines sinking themself isnt an issue exlusive to the UK tho, the UK and Germany had similar accidents.
The US Military even refused to admit that there was an problem with the mark 14 initially and blamed the submarine commanders that complained about them. It is an problem that is big enough to justify its existance in the game in my oppinion, especially if thei japanese get an buff for their long lance ones the US should get an slight debuff for their mark 14 ones untill they are fixed by the national focus. That would even reflect that the US Military initially didnt react to the problem. An permanent unremoveable debuff would be an very bad approach.