19th century Africa was destroyed by exploitation and European diseases, its a terrible model for Africa in any other period.
What European diseases? I know the problem of colonization very well but I have never ever encountered any descriptions of European diseases destroying Africa (as opposed to poor Americas). Furthermore, it were rather Europeans travelling to Africa - especially in pre - industrial era - who were suffering very much from diseases and climate.
Also, I didn't talk about 19th century Africa so I don't get what is your problem
<by the way, I don't like treating 'European colonisation!' as the way of releasing modern Africans from all responsibility for their continent being absolute pariah of the world today (2% of global economy/industry/trade/science etc with 10% population), colonisation has ended 50 years ago and since this time the quality of life and GDP per capita in Africa has fallen! Why? Because while Europeans were in Africa long enough to destroy old tribal order - and build hella lot of infrastructure, basic industry, hospital, schools etc - they were not long enough to reshape African societies (although they didn't aim at this at all). What I am trying to say, suddenly in 60s Africa was thrown into the modern world, in the middle of Cold War, perfectly equipped with weapons of mass extermination but with mentality of old patrilinear tribes and almost without intellectual elite/middle class. Well, here we can see the results.
On the other hand: Taiwan, Korea, China, Malaysia and Thailand had all lower standards of living than Africa in 60s and even worse colonial/war experiences (except Thailand) and what now? >
No it isn't, Europe was poorer and less populated than Africa in Roman times where Europe couldn't support large cities without African grain imports. Carthage and various Muslim factions conquered large regions of Spain from Africa, the Vandals embarked on a risky invasion of Africa because Spain wasn't good enough for them.
I hate when there is a discussion obviously about SUB SAHARAN BLACK AFRICA and everyone on the word 'Africa' instantly starts spamming Ancient Egypt, Carthago, Maghreb etc as the way of showing 'hey black Africans were so advanced
This is like discussing about European countries to someone suddenly adding Mongols to the discussion because hey technically this is also EURASIAN LANDMASS!
Honestly, in my opinion -
and in the opinion/mentality of many North Africans from what have I read - North Africa is so extremely different from Subsaharan Africa in terms of culture, history, geography and ethnicity that it could be simply named other continent in the same way Europe is distincted from Asia despite being - again - technically the same landmass.
Returning to the thread: SUBSAHARAN Africa was always in the history less populated and poorer than Europe. 100 years ago Africa - continent few times bigger than Europe - had 4x less people. Estimates say Egypt had like 25 - 35% of entire African population in ancient times; other calculations show that Europe has been relatively densely populated and rich - with those numbers better than numbers for SS Africa/Americas
even in pre - Roman times.
The Americas were probably more populated than Europe before the conquest and they're more populated now despite large areas not having recovered to pre-conquest levels.
Sorry but this is just nonsense. Europe in 1500s had approximately 70 - 90 millions of people, Africa had 2 times less, while the entire indigenous population of Americas was less than 30 millions (estimates vary from 10 to 30 millions) with Mexico and Peru having huge majority of these. USA indigenous population in 1500 is never estimated on more than 5 million people and I have met with estimations pointing at as low as 2 millions of inhabitants,.
Furthermore, saying 'Americas are more populated now' is in this context absurd because
1) Americas are 4x times bigger than Europe and yet they have over 900 millions of people while Europe has ~750 millions, thus they have much, much worse density
2) Current high density in many areas was possible with industrialized colonization and just few centuries ago the same areas had very low density - vide Western US or Rio de Janeiro
3) I seriously can't understand how you can overlook the fact that majority of current population of Americas is OF EUROPEAN ORIGIN?

Out of those ~950 millions you know how many are pure blood Indians? 60 millions. With like ~200 millions of various mixed ethnicities and huge numbers of African Americans.
Giving Europe better tech in a game not set between 1492 and 1945 would be as ridiculous as giving Africa on par tech during this period.
Nope. Europe has been relatively primitive when compared to civilisations of Asia in ancient era, many of these Asian civilisations in the medieval and that's all;
and always, literally always, even before birth of Christ, all estimates show economical and demographical advantages of Europe over Africa/Americas (high population density, quick spreading of technology). There were areas - such as Mexico or Peru - where technology was similar to European in some periods (usually very old, vide Olmec temples in ancient times) but it is brutal truth that Europe - even tribal pre Roman Europe! - along with Middle East, Egypt, Southern and Eastern Asia has been completely dominating the entire economical history of manking, with GDP at 80 - 90% level. Europe had estimated 5% of global GDP even before Roman Empire with lower estimates for - much bigger - Americas and Africa.
You can ask about verifying this data, of course these are all estimates but they aren't taken from thin air, and you don't have any better data supporting thesis of 'poor Europe'
Tecnically there were no universities outside of Europe because university is a European name. Its not the right question, the Aztec Empire had schools and advanced sciences.
Aztec Empire achieved high and impressive level in particular fields, while other were hopelessly backwards when compared with Europe - vide metallurgy, naval technology (duh), chemistry etc.
Ask yourself - if Aztecs were so advanced, why didn't they were first to start exploration or discover gunpowder on their own? Right, they had bad luck - for example with resources required for European - level weaponry - but this geographical/cultural bad luck is also part of EU4's penalties for ROTW technological groups, as well as part of the fall of Aztec empire.
There were amazing civilisations in Americas and Africa (Cahokia is my favourite) but let's be honest, they didn't dominate the world or managed to fight Europeans. Is this mainly result of bad luck with geography/climate/history? Yes. But history isn't fair and this is also part of their 'technological penalty'.
Furthermore, try to name 5 Subsaharan Pre - Colonial African Inventions which revolutionized the world. I mean, universal inventions not 'better method of building mud houses by Bantu tribes in Malawi' because these were one of the desperate examples I have found in my long and futile search.
Go on, you have so rich continent bigger than Europe and with - according to you - bigger intellectual traditions in some periods. Remember, Semitic Ancient Egypt nor Arabian - created imported Islam Civilisation don't count. Name great invention or great scientist from such big continent.
Do I believe Africans/Native Americans are 'worse'? Of course not and I love learning about their cultures and civilisations. However I highly value historical facts and quantitative data and I don't like wild assumptions that 'Africa never had civilisations' or opposite 'it had so awesome science that Medieval Cathedrals are nothing when compared with it'.
The truth is in the middle: Native America and Subsaharan (!) Africa were generally always less advanced than Europe, from prehistorical times, due to geographical/climatical/countless other reasons (I strongly recommend the book GUNS GERMS AND STEEL about this subject) - but on the other hand they weren't as primitive as popculture likes to show. Especially North American Indians are underrated.
To sum up, I think previous tech penalties for these nations were too high but removing them completely is a historical lie.