When I tried, only solar panels and Stirlings were place-able inside a dome. But here's a few good points:
1. The dome itself doesn't need water/air, just electrical. In fact, you can turn the dome itself off. (This might cause the game to miscalculate the "demand" for water and O2.)
2. What's inside is protected from dust storms/devils. (Obviously)
3. No wiring needed inside the dome. However, due to the internal layout, only so many of these units will fit. It's probably not as space-efficient as tossing them on the ground outside with wires.
4. For a basic dome, you can fit:
+ 60 Stirlings / Small Solar panels.
+ 18 Large Solar panels w/ either +6 Small Solar panels or +6 Stirlings (or a combo if you wish).
Naturally there are pros/cons to each (initial construction cost, maintenance cost, etc.)
So the big question is: Now that the scrubbers won't keep things inside a dome clean, what's the offset of always maintaining, say, solar panels that are safe from dust devils vs having them outside with little-to-no maintenance on them via scrubbers but still get wrecked occasionally by the dust devils? I guess if you're in a high-dust area, you'll probably want them in a dome. Otherwise, a dome power plant doesn't really help. But it does look neat and tidy! (I really wish I could put a scrubber inside a dome like a spiral.)