Damn it, kind find the page anymore with all the info, but I recall someone checking the AI stuff after 1.3 and coming to the conclusion that ship MOVEMENT is dependant on the target of the top weapon component 'score' but all weapons would retarget at will, as long as their preferred target is in range. (and sometimes refuse to fire if it's not, rather than retarget)Basically, the ship works out the expected damage (accounting for evasion, armour, and weapon bonuses) for every target it can reach for every gun it has, and shoots all the guns it has at the one target that produced the best outcome for any gun. (Weighted by other factors like the size difference between the ship and target, range to target, and the last target it shot at)
Edit: Seems they removed it from the Stellaris wiki Ship Modding page for being too unwieldly, but here is the thread about the addon he made based on his findings: [https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/index.php?threads/mod-advanced-ship-behaviour-modules.979070/
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