HG Kman said:
2. How do I change my state religion? I like playing as Japan, but Confusionism gives such a huge tech penalty.
Changing religion does not help tech speed a huge amount. The tech group is more important and there is nothing you can do about your tech group as Japan.
If you want Japan to change religion there is "Tokugawa's [Second] Edict of Expulsion" (id = 3879) on April 14, 1614 that lets you change to Counterreform religion. You can see the details of event 3879 by examining the major_nip.txt file in the "db\events" subfolder of your EU2 game directory.
The modifiers of religion and number of cities are added and capped. So they are linked in a way. Just by going CRC, a nation does not see any impact on tech costs if the nation has 86 or more cities; benefits of religion change for Japan are reduced between 78 to 86 cities. To get the maximum benefit of a religion change also means changing to Reformed religion. If any nation has 90 cities or more, even Reformed religion cannot help tech costs. So if you are thinking about making Japan a very large nation by 1614, there might not be any benefit to changing religion.
Once you are over 8 cities in size, which I expect you will do with Japan by 1614, the total spectrum of change from religion is the same as being 8 to 12 cities larger.
At the start of 1419 with 6 cities, if you intentionally lost dirt-poor Ezochi in a war, Japan would reduce tech costs by more than changing to CRC.
Note that no matter what size Japan is, changing religion probably hurts the economy by a bigger percentage than the percentage tech costs are improved. You will lose a large amount of tax revenue for having provinces with the wrong religion. Still CRC will give more diplomats, missionaries, and colonists. So it could pay off in other ways.
See the "4.4.1- Religion Modifier" in the
Economy FAQ for 1.08 for details on tech costs and religion.
If you are just starting a 1419 game as Japan and notice that the tech costs are very high; that is in part due to the "isolation penalty", which I originally documented in a post about how the no contact modifier affects all nations (link is in my signature). Now it is more accurately quantified in "4.4.3- No Contact Modifier" of the Economy FAQ for 1.08. By exchanging maps or conquering for maps, you can significantly reduce Japan's tech costs to between a third to a half of where they begin. Once you know of 19 other nations' capitals you remove this tech cost penalty.