The habitable zone around Barnard's star is fairly small. According to solstation.com (A site that has fairly interesting star info), a planet to be habitable would have to orbit 0.034-0.082 AU, having an orbital period of 5.75-21.5 days, give or take a bit based on atmosphere/albedo/etc.
The planet astronomers found orbits ever ~233 days, faaaaar outside the habitable zone. And would need a very dense atmosphere with high greenhouse gas to be warm enough for liquid water. But due to the distance from its star, and the fact it's a Red Dwarf, it'd be a very dark place. If anything, it should be a frozen world with a guaranteed underwater life anomaly. For the devs to add a guaranteed habitable planet, Astronomers actually need to find one first
I would like the habitable planet around Alpha Centauri to orbit Proxima Centauri instead, and for the stars' name to be pre-scripted if possible.
Now, there are more options for guaranteed habitable planets near Sol, and a replacement system for Sirius (Since that doesn't/can't have habitable planets).
http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog
Ross 128 b
This planet looks like it was removed from the list - possibly from being too hot. But it's about 35% more massive than Earth, and orbits every ~9.9 days. Could be habitable under certain circumstances, but I'm not sure.
Tau Ceti
This made the rounds back in 2012 for having 5 potential planets, and again a few years ago from being re-examined. At least some of its planets aren't confirmed, and won't be for some time it seems, but this could have a guaranteed starting location near Sol, with two habitable planets. Note: This star is already in the game, as far as I know, it just has a random location.
Luyten b
This planet is confirmed, is potentially habitable, and may be good for life. It's 12 light years away, and a bit less than 3 times the mass of Earth, so it's likely rocky. It orbits every 18.6 days, and seems just a bit warmer than Earth just based on Equilibrium temperature (temperature based on if it has no atmosphere assuming the albedo is same as Earth's)
You could also add Gliese 667 to the spot. It's a trinary system, of two orange dwarfs and a red dwarf. Around the red dwarf - c - lies a nice system with 3 potentially habitable planets. 1 confirmed, 2 unconfirmed due to iffy data. But that doesn't matter for Stellaris, just assume they're actually there
