Small Arms.-No AR-15 conversation allowed

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Zinegata

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I like how people, in the face of the extremely simple and long-proven reality that artillery is the prime casualty-inflicter of the war, attempt ad-hominem attacks on me by trying to claim I am "unsourced" when a simple Google search of "Casualties in Normandy caused by mortars" reveals something like this:

https://www.google.com.ph/?gws_rd=ssl#q=Casualties+in+normandy+caused+by+mortars

Which literally has "(mortars caused three-quarters of American casualties in Normandy)." in the page description of half the search results.

Really, it's tiring when people resort to personal attacks when a simple Google search would already show a mountain of evidence that the vast majority of casualties were caused by artillery; and that people keep clinging to the long-discredited notion that it was tanks, airpower, or all the neat and shiny toys that did most of the killing when these plainly were not the prime killer during the war.

But nah, let's instead pretend that the cause of 75% of US casualties and 80% of British casualties in Normandy is "relatively" unimportant because someone likes claiming I'm "unsourced" because it disproves his very wrong version of the war.

===

Also, the idea that American Tank Destroyers were ineffective is simple German fanboyism regurgitated in long discredited sites like Achtung Panzer. The Tank Destroyer battalions - prior to being issued with the M36 Jackson - in fact notched a kill ratio equalling the German Heavy Tank battalions. Indeed, the kill record for Wittman's Tiger action at Villers-Bocage (7 real tanks) is equalled by a single M10 Tank Destroyer fighting with Team Desorby during the Bulge.

The Tank Destroyers in fact did their jobs at the tactical level. Any failing of the TDs was purely at the brigade level.

US Army's warfighting doctrine was a complete disaster. Aside from the Tank Destroyer not being a minor miss, there were a number of issues with US doctrine at the time.

It's very apparent that you buy into myths of German armor superiority when in reality the US armored arm notched a 3:2 kill rate in its favor based on actual US Army studies, as revealed by Forczyk in his actual scholarly studies. It wasn't until Belton Cooper's "Death Traps" (a crappy memoir by a rear-area officer who never actually saw tank vs tank combat) that is became fashionable to pretend that US Armor was consistently overmatched by the Germans, when in reality US Armored Divisions won pretty much every single battle against the German Panzers even when the Germans had numerical superiority and fought in weather that precluded deployment of airpower.

But nah, cue more usual German "the dog ate my homework" excuses like "But the Americans had unlimited tanks!" (when they didn't and in fact had fewer tanks in some of the bigger battles), or "Airpower is too strong!" (even though many of the battles were fought without any air power helping the Americans and fighter-bombers accounted for less than 10% of tanks lost anyway), or "I ran out of fuel so it doesn't count!" (ignoring the Germans happily counted kills early in Barbarossa of Soviet tanks without fuel).

===

While I agree that the effect of small arms should be kept fairly minimal (not TOTALLY irrelevant, but not a major factor as in previous HOIs), the statement about 20% of infantry never firing their weapons is probably roughly accurate, but not for "infantry on the front lines" as the reply goes.

Actually, studies in fact showed that frontline infantrymen on both sides generally refused to fire on the enemy, period:

http://www.citizen-soldier.org/on-killing.html

"In World War II and before, only 15 to 20 percent of soldiers fired their weapons at enemy soldiers in view, even if their own lives were endangered. Lt. Col. (Ret.) Grossman, a military historian, psychologist and teacher at West Point, builds upon the findings of Gen. S. L. A. Marshall in Men Against Fire (1978) and confirmatory evidence from Napoleonic, Civil and other wars. “Throughout history the majority of men on the battlefield would not attempt to kill the enemy, even to save their own lives.”

This is again why techniques were developed in Vietnam wherein soldiers were trained to fire on reflex, which in turn led to the rise of PTSD because soldiers were finding themselves "forced" (by reflex) to kill.

Again, people really need to drop some very bad misconceptions about war and that infantrymen are just robots who fired at the enemy as ordered. Most infantrymen in fact refused to cross the line they considered to be murder.

I once heard some ridiculous comment about how a "veteran" soldier must have killed dozens of enemy soldiers, and any "regular" must have killed a few.

Accounts by junior infantry officers on all sides are in fact rife with reports of how just a few men were carrying the load for the rest of the squad/platoon.

===

This is about how small arm development should be in the game, and it should be. This game should be detailed.

Did you notice the bit where I explained that small arms minutae is less important than squad composition and philosophy? Because it's rather blatantly clear that the people pushing for "small arms detailing" haven't a clue on how individual squads and platoons actually fought in each army.

Really, that another poster here decided to quote Patton to try and overturn the simple reality that the Germans had a radically different squad-level combat philsophy - centered around the LMG - goes to show that people need to read up more on how squads actually fought and used their weapons before making comments on how small arms should be detailed in the game. A pithy throwaway quote by a General for journalists is no match for the countless accounts and documentation on how the Germans actually fought at the squad level - which is pretty damn well on the defensive thanks to their LMG-centric approach.
 
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Czaristan

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I think AgeofPeople is missing the point. The thread isn't about whether semi-automatic rifles were better than bolt-actions or not. Clearly they were. The thread is about whether that jump is significant enough to have a small arms only upgrade tab. I would argue no because the increase in effectiveness (i.e. killing power) is reflected much more in artillery upgrades (casualty statistics will bear that out) and weapon composition than anything else. As I said before, if this line is going to be continued it should be shown in other statistics like urban attack modifiers where increased rates of fire really mattered.
 

Big Blue Blob

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Artillery (including tank shells for WW2) has been the big killer since at least Napoleon's time. Why? A brick wall stops bullets. It is not so good at stopping shells. Small arms suppress, especially automatic ones, but does not cause so many feaths becuase even fairly light cover can stop bullets once the enemy takes it.

Personally I think that the upgrade to semi autos is worth showing, since it did make it easier to suppress the enemy.

Remember also that casualties is wounded as well as dead, which is one of the reasons that units which are 3/10 dead cannot fight effectively - many of the rest will be wounded and unable to fight either.
 

scroggin

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How would you simulate better suppression in HOI if you wanted to? It couldn't be done with a hit to strength, it couldn't be done with org because that takes days to recover, small arms suppression only lasts while the shooting is continuing.


The supression advantage of semi-autos over bolt actions wasn't actually extreme until they came out with 30 shot semi autos that could sustain a high rate of fire without needing to constantly stop to reload.
 
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Novacat

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I'd say 'relatively less' rather than just 'relatively', very different meanings ;). Artillery was still incredibly important, and not having it would put a position in a very precarious position indeed. Far more precarious than if they didn't have semi or full-auto rifles (relative to bolt-actions), that's for sure!

Not exactly a fair comparison. A fairer comparison would be between newer and older pieces of artillery vs bolt actions and semiautos. Or, if you want to go the other route, between having no artillery at all and no rifles at all.

I like how people, in the face of the extremely simple and long-proven reality that artillery is the prime casualty-inflicter of the war, attempt ad-hominem attacks on me by trying to claim I am "unsourced" when a simple Google search of "Casualties in Normandy caused by mortars" reveals something like this:

One of the big issues is that there is no comprehensive data I could gather on the issue. Normandy is just one data point, you need multiple to even form a reasonable hypothosis. It could very well be that Normandy was unusual because of a specific set of circumstances.

Also, the idea that American Tank Destroyers were ineffective is simple German fanboyism regurgitated in long discredited sites like Achtung Panzer. The Tank Destroyer battalions - prior to being issued with the M36 Jackson - in fact notched a kill ratio equalling the German Heavy Tank battalions. Indeed, the kill record for Wittman's Tiger action at Villers-Bocage (7 real tanks) is equalled by a single M10 Tank Destroyer fighting with Team Desorby during the Bulge.

The Battle of the Bulge? When the German War Machine was quite literally falling apart at the seams? Not exactly a good example.

It's very apparent that you buy into myths of German armor superiority when in reality the US armored arm notched a 3:2 kill rate in its favor based on actual US Army studies, as revealed by Forczyk in his actual scholarly studies. It wasn't until Belton Cooper's "Death Traps" (a crappy memoir by a rear-area officer who never actually saw tank vs tank combat) that is became fashionable to pretend that US Armor was consistently overmatched by the Germans, when in reality US Armored Divisions won pretty much every single battle against the German Panzers even when the Germans had numerical superiority and fought in weather that precluded deployment of airpower.

I never said that US Armor was grossly overmatched. Infact, I even said that the M4 Sherman was a perfectly fine example of a tank. Where the Americans screwed up was failure to adiquately deploy their Tank Destroyers, and the complete failure of Tank Destroyers as a design. Overall, I do believe that the British had far superior doctrine, using M4 Shermans as infantry support while keeping a Firefly around incase any of the heavier German armor is encountered. The US on the other hand had entire seperate battallions of Tank Destroyers/Shermans because they were in different branches of the army and the American Tank Destroyers were often fielded as ad-hoc shermans instead of their actual role.

Actually, studies in fact showed that frontline infantrymen on both sides generally refused to fire on the enemy, period:

http://www.citizen-soldier.org/on-killing.html

"In World War II and before, only 15 to 20 percent of soldiers fired their weapons at enemy soldiers in view, even if their own lives were endangered. Lt. Col. (Ret.) Grossman, a military historian, psychologist and teacher at West Point, builds upon the findings of Gen. S. L. A. Marshall in Men Against Fire (1978) and confirmatory evidence from Napoleonic, Civil and other wars. “Throughout history the majority of men on the battlefield would not attempt to kill the enemy, even to save their own lives.”

This is again why techniques were developed in Vietnam wherein soldiers were trained to fire on reflex, which in turn led to the rise of PTSD because soldiers were finding themselves "forced" (by reflex) to kill.

Aside from it being a bad source, it is even more halarious that it suggests that PTSD was a relatively recent phonomenon. Sorry, but you have absolutly no credibility. PTSD has been around since forever. Also not inclined to believe the rest of the source, considering the number of outlandish claims it makes.
 

Mabzie555

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How would you simulate better suppression in HOI if you wanted to? It couldn't be done with a hit to strength, it couldn't be done with org because that takes days to recover, small arms suppression only lasts while the shooting is continuing.


The supression advantage of semi-autos over bolt actions wasn't actually extreme until they came out with 30 shot semi autos that could sustain a high rate of fire without needing to constantly stop to reload.

With a new stat?

[The Box] *think here*
 
G

Gethsemani

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Aside from it being a bad source, it is even more halarious that it suggests that PTSD was a relatively recent phonomenon. Sorry, but you have absolutly no credibility. PTSD has been around since forever. Also not inclined to believe the rest of the source, considering the number of outlandish claims it makes.

I am not sure saying a source is bad and then displaying a staggering lack of reading comprehension lends you credibility. The way the site describes PTSD makes it obvious it was "a thing" before Vietnam, but that Vietnam saw the number increase drastically. Especially since it devotes a paragraph to "psychiatric casualties" in WW2, which is the predecessor to what would become PTSD.
 

Czaristan

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Stepping back from the pissing contests for second. A good way to model suppression might to increase defensiveness a tad to simulate the enemy unable to shoot back effectively while their heads are down. I'm going to lobby again for increases to urban and maybe jungle/forest/fortified modifiers instead though where the high rates of fire would make more significant impacts given close quarters combat.

Also worth nothing though is that it's a very difficult abstraction to make. Certain there would be an increase in firepower between a division equipped with all assault rifles and one equipped with all bolt actions. Some combatants though, English, Germans, arguably Soviets entirely skipped equipping their infantry with semi-automatic rifles. How does that get simulated? Also the German decision to arm their units with a high number of lmgs probably meant that they had relatively even firepower against an American unit with Garands but with fewer/worse lmgs. How would that get simulated? In my opinion, it's a relatively minor abstraction.
 

Big Blue Blob

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Easy. Rifles and LMGs are different technologies, as they really are. Germany could have more and better LMGs, while USA has semiautomatic rifles but fewer LMGs.
 

keynes2.0

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Also worth nothing though is that it's a very difficult abstraction to make. Certain there would be an increase in firepower between a division equipped with all assault rifles and one equipped with all bolt actions. Some combatants though, English, Germans, arguably Soviets entirely skipped equipping their infantry with semi-automatic rifles. How does that get simulated?

They researched the tech but didn't build a large amount of the equipment (compared to their larger bolt action production). They would start with efficient production lines for bolt actions and stockpiles of bolt actions meaning that switching over would impose a cost on them. The US on the other hand has semi-auto technology in 1936 but doesn't have large stockpiles of bolt actions (only enough for 10-20 divisions) and doesn't have a large efficient production line of bolt actions going. Thus for the Europeans they can switch to semi-auto weapons but it would cost them efficiency while for the US it's pretty much a no-brainer to go semi-auto.
 

Big Blue Blob

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They researched the tech but didn't build a large amount of the equipment (compared to their larger bolt action production). They would start with efficient production lines for bolt actions and stockpiles of bolt actions meaning that switching over would impose a cost on them. The US on the other hand has semi-auto technology in 1936 but doesn't have large stockpiles of bolt actions (only enough for 10-20 divisions) and doesn't have a large efficient production line of bolt actions going. Thus for the Europeans they can switch to semi-auto weapons but it would cost them efficiency while for the US it's pretty much a no-brainer to go semi-auto.

This is true, and could be simulated by having factories that produced bolt action rifles already, and were equipped to do so. Conversion costs time and money, and no new rifles can be made in those factories during this time.
 

D Inqu

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Not exactly a fair comparison. A fairer comparison would be between newer and older pieces of artillery vs bolt actions and semiautos. Or, if you want to go the other route, between having no artillery at all and no rifles at all.
The difference between artillery usage in WW1 and WW2 gave a much bigger power boost than rifles did. The guns themselves may not appear to have changed much (though you may want to see the difference between a WW1 and a WW2 gun, especially with regards to firing rate, mobility and accuracy. However a multiplicative effect was also achieved through motorised transport which allowed artillery to redeployed faster and another multiplicative effect from air/land spotters and radio. There was a world of difference between the inefficient bombardment like the Somme, compared to a Fw-189 relaying enemy artillery positions by radio to the artillery on the ground in real time. And a wrold of difference to the a platoon commander requesting the destruction of individual targets as they appeared.

Which is why you will find, that having not enough guns basically guaranteed failure. Because that makes virtually any enemy strong point a big problem. Too many operation to name which had well equipped infantry, which either failed or only advanced at a snail's pace due to inadequate artillery. On the other hand, 1945 demonstrated how a Soviet divisions continued to advance at very low strength in their riflemen so long as they had artillery support.

One of the big issues is that there is no comprehensive data I could gather on the issue. Normandy is just one data point, you need multiple to even form a reasonable hypothosis. It could very well be that Normandy was unusual because of a specific set of circumstances.
How about the direction soldiers' protection and APCs evolved post war? There was no drive for bulletproof armor until the late 80-s. The M1 helmet was used by the US military from WW2 to the 80s. There was a drive to introduce shrapnel-proof protection, with various materials considered.

Same with APCs. Virtually all post war APCs had light armor suitable for surviving artillery shrapnel, not for direct fire. Again until the 1980-s.


The Battle of the Bulge? When the German War Machine was quite literally falling apart at the seams? Not exactly a good example..
The divisions used in the Bulge were in good shape, and there were a number of engagements in early and mid phases in the battle where Germany enjoyed an advantage in strength.
 

Novacat

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The difference between artillery usage in WW1 and WW2 gave a much bigger power boost than rifles did. The guns themselves may not appear to have changed much (though you may want to see the difference between a WW1 and a WW2 gun, especially with regards to firing rate, mobility and accuracy. However a multiplicative effect was also achieved through motorised transport which allowed artillery to redeployed faster and another multiplicative effect from air/land spotters and radio. There was a world of difference between the inefficient bombardment like the Somme, compared to a Fw-189 relaying enemy artillery positions by radio to the artillery on the ground in real time. And a wrold of difference to the a platoon commander requesting the destruction of individual targets as they appeared.

Replace 'Artillery' with 'Small Arms' and people would be arguing that this would be the reason why small arms should be reflected in doctrine instead of technology.

How about the direction soldiers' protection and APCs evolved post war? There was no drive for bulletproof armor until the late 80-s. The M1 helmet was used by the US military from WW2 to the 80s. There was a drive to introduce shrapnel-proof protection, with various materials considered.

Are you sure about that? Now, the main thing that stopped bulletproof vests from being a thing is that they were heavy, unwieldy, and only protected against the smaller calibers you would only find in submachineguns and pistols. Bulletproof vests only became substantially effective when Kevlar and Ceramic plates were invented.

Also note that shrapnel/flak was a lot easier to protect from than bullets.

Which is why you will find, that having not enough guns basically guaranteed failure. Because that makes virtually any enemy strong point a big problem. Too many operation to name which had well equipped infantry, which either failed or only advanced at a snail's pace due to inadequate artillery. On the other hand, 1945 demonstrated how a Soviet divisions continued to advance at very low strength in their riflemen so long as they had artillery support.

If im not mistaken, the Soviets had a huge number of riflemen in 1945... far more than the Allies ever fielded.

The divisions used in the Bulge were in good shape, and there were a number of engagements in early and mid phases in the battle where Germany enjoyed an advantage in strength.

Are you sure about this?
 
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D Inqu

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Replace 'Artillery' with 'Small Arms' and people would be arguing that this would be the reason why small arms should be reflected in doctrine instead of technology.
I don't get what you are trying to say, it makes no sense. Can you please rephrase that?


Are you sure about that? Now, the main thing that stopped bulletproof vests from being a thing is that they were heavy, unwieldy, and only protected against the smaller calibers you would only find in submachineguns and pistols. Bulletproof vests only became substantially effective when Kevlar and Ceramic plates were invented.

Also note that shrapnel/flak was a lot easier to protect from than bullets.
The SN-42 is in fact a perfect example of what I said. A limited production armor that had only use in specific situations (urban mostly), and was not really bulletproof. Hence why it was discontinued after the war.

If the bottleneck was really Kevlar invention and nothing else, then why did APCs also neglect armor until the same period (80-s). Armored vehicles didn't need Kevlar. The issue was, that direct fire from small arms on the casualties was so low, that it was not seen as a worthwhile investment.

The situation changed with the realisation that a conventional WW3 is thankfully not going to happen, but that asymetric warfare does require bulletproof armor, as guerillas do not have much arty, by have lots of small arms/RPGs. Hence the rapid revolution in soldiers' protective equipment coupled with appearance of heavily armored APCs.


If im not mistaken, the Soviets had a huge number of riflemen in 1945... far more than the Allies ever fielded.
The soviets had a very large overall army strength in 1945. However, the divisions on the frontline typically had very little strength in the rifle batallions (except recently replenished divisions). For example, the divisions of the 8th Guard army in April 1945, prior to Berlin were around 5 thousand men strong: less than half of their complement strength. But they still had close to full strength in divisional artillery. So the number of riflemen actually attacking was not that great, but they were supported by a very powerful artillery arm.


Again, can you clarify by what you mean? You link to wikipedia and literally the first thing in that link is Elsenborn Ridge, a battle where German divisions had and advantage in numbers and armor, no allied airpower for the first few days. And they still failed.
 

tommylotto

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Again, can you clarify by what you mean? You link to wikipedia and literally the first thing in that link is Elsenborn Ridge, a battle where German divisions had and advantage in numbers and armor, no allied airpower for the first few days. And they still failed.
The first thing I saw at that link was the comparison of initial strength. 200,000 Germans, plus 340 German tanks versus 83,000 men and 242 tanks. 8 infantry divisions and 5 armored divisions versus 4 infantry and 1 armored. The Germans certainly had the numbers at the start of the battle.

On the current debate of small arms versus artillery, think about cooking a hamburger. The fire does all the cooking, but you still need a spatula to flip the burger.
 

Wilbry

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@AgeofPeople
A nifty way to do it would be to make it a choice you select in your "unit doctrine design screen" where you build your infantry unit stats:
SQUAD LEVEL (select one)
Rifle squad: base "starting" unit, cheap, crappy.
LMG based squad: higher defensivess, higher soft attack, higher supply cost
semi-auto rifle squad: no modification (the "standard" unit)
SMG squad: higher toughness, higher soft attack, higher supply cost
assault rifle squad: higher toughness, high defensiveness, higher soft attack, higher supply cost, higher build cost

PLATOON LEVEL assets (select as many as you want)
Platoon MG: higher defensiveness
Platoon Mortar: higher toughness
Platoon AT gun: higher hard attack

etc...

So basically a similar concept to the division design tool, but drilled down another level and replacing broad doctrine techs.

However, saying that...its may well be a design decision by the team NOT to go to that level of detail.
 

wokelly

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The T-26 was still used in frontline combat in 1944, not in a recon role. source.

Tanks are worth modelling in HOI4 because the difference of a few years made FAR more difference then what the equivalent small arms tech was. Guy with a WWI bolt action vs guy with a WWII semi-auto (20+ year difference), yeah i'd put my money on the semi-auto but the guy with a bolt action still has a good chance to win the fight. 1940 production T-26 vs a 1944 Panther (4 years), yeah that has a pretty obvious outcome, far more then a bolt action vs a semi. Its a difference between being able to kill somewhat easier vs being able to kill at all.

Rifles don't operate in a vacuum. Assigning additional firepower values based on specific weapons is ludicrous. Abstracted upgrades make far more sense, and fit more with how armies did modify their infantry firepower, TO&E updates. A late 1944 US infantry battalion was more formidable then an early 1944 US infantry battalion because of the addition of more BARs and M1919's, despite having the same weapon systems. In turn the weaker early 1944 battalion was superior to the 1942 US battalion for the same reasons. Yearly infantry weapon tech upgrades make much more sense. I understand the desire to not have a 1944 US div with X attachments be the exact same as a German 1944 div with same X attachments, hopefully doctrine will allow for some more variety.

It's the same story the the Springfield. The US phased it out by 1944 as a "Burden on logistics and a downgrade in firepower" and that "Their is a noticeable degradation in performance in units that are not armed with the semi automatic M1 Garnd" those two quotes taken word for word (typo included) from the "US Military Forces handbook on operations in Europe 1942-45" so far I've posted two primary sources from military review and most of you just use your own analysis with no sources to back you up. In other words you are arguing with the actual United States Army as to the importance of the Upgrade from bolt to semi automatic rifles, at the very least there should be a tree going Bolt Action (1918) -> Semi Automatic (1938) -> Assault rifle (1944) as Novacat suggested. Their should be production lines fro these 3 weapons and modifiers depending on what divisions are equipped with.

Stating the obvious is not proof of your argument. No kidding the Springfield was a downgrade in firepower and a logistical burden, I mean really that is obvious. That didn't mean the Springfield was not an effective battlefield weapon, but the Garand was better and were available. It doesn't say the Garand made a noticeable increase in Division firepower. It doesn't at all qualify that in a game like HOI4 it should have any real effect on divisional firepower stats.

Also I can't find a chapter in the TM-E 30-451 HANDBOOK ON GERMAN MILITARY FORCES entitled 'Allied experience....". Maybe its not in the online copies.

Which lacked both the penetration and the armor to perform its job well. American tank destroyers for the most part relied on flanking opponents which was simply suicide in any combined arms situation.

You are right, they are not different vehicles. The M4 Sherman was for the most part a competant vehicle that did what it was designed to do well. The M10 Wolverine, on the other hand, could not even perform its job adiquately.

The M4 Sherman probably would have had a much more positive reception if it was not constantly forced into an ad-hoc tank-killer role because the tank destroyer doctrine was a complete disaster.

US TD battalions had a overall average claim to loss ratio of 3:1. I'd point out Tigers had a claim to loss ratio of 5:1. Neither were vetted mind you, but to claim the M10 could not even do its job adequately defies the evidence available. I'm doubtful US tankers were more inclined to over claim then their German counterparts. Harry Yeide's book on the tank destroyers is a good source of info.

Which is kind of funny considering that even the manipulated statistics posted a few pages back has small arms and MGs doing 10% casualties, and this is considering the fact that the British included casualties outside of ground combat... the real question is how many casualties do bombs, artillery, tank shells, etc. all do seperately, and weither they are substantially higher than the 10% of bullets.

The British devoted a LOT of Operational Research to artillery, some of this can be found in Copp's book "Monty's scientists". Operation Research Report No.11 "Location of enemy Mortars" states Mortars themselves (not including other artillery) cause more casualties than "all other weapons put together, at least as far as the infantry are concerned". ALso "A number of infantry battalion MO's, from four different divisions all agree in placing the proportion of mortar casualties to total casualties among their own troops as above 70%. This figure is widely accepted among infantrymen and it is though if anything to be an underestimate."

We are talking about JUST mortars here. Admittedly other tubed artillery did not add much on because they were easy to counter battery, where as mortars were VERY hard to locate and neutralize.

Report No.16 "The assault on Boulogne"

"It became clear at an early stage that the most important aspect of the battle was the destruction and neutralization of hostile batteries"

"The whole attack was heavily influenced by enemy shelling, which cased the greater part of the 600 casualties."

I don't get this downplaying of artillery losses by people.
 
Last edited:

GarfunkeL

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If the bottleneck was really Kevlar invention and nothing else, then why did APCs also neglect armor until the same period (80-s). Armored vehicles didn't need Kevlar. The issue was, that direct fire from small arms on the casualties was so low, that it was not seen as a worthwhile investment.
But APC's and IFV's were armoured to stop rifle and LMG fire.

M113 armour to stop 7.62x51 AP rounds from every angle and the frontal armours was enough to stop 12.7mm rounds. Some sites claims that it could stop 14.5 API rounds but I think that's either with additional armor plates added on top or just a false claim. M113 entered service in 1960.

BTR-60 armour was enough to stop 7.62x51 FMJ rounds from every angle, though if the shooter was closer than 100m on the sides, there was a chance of penetration, depending on the hit angle. BTR-60 entered service in 1960.

BMP-1 armour was enough to stop 12.7 AP and API rounds from the front and 7.62x51 AP rounds from the sides and back. BMP-1 entered service in 1966.

BTR-152 armour was similar to the armour in BTR-60, though it's more boxy design (BTR-60 was heavily sloped) meant that hits would get better angles and 12.7mm and heavier machine guns could penetrate it fairly easily. BTR-152 entered service in 1950.

Only Bradley fits your description, entering service in 1981, and that's only because US Army dropped the ball after WW2, due to a multitude of reasons. The reason Soviets were so far ahead with both BTR and BMP series was that they actually looked at the reasons why they suffered high infantry casualties during joint tank-infantry attacks in WW2 and thus emerged the demand for armoured personnel carriers. You are jumping into a extremely illogical conclusion due to your lack of knowledge about APC's.