das said:
the Orthodox church just wasn't allowed to get as much power or independence in OTL, neither by the Byzantines nor by the Russians. However, if things went differently in the 17th century the church and the state might have switched places...
Well the "independance" was never the goal of orthodoxy. It's quite a catholic, "latin" idea of a Church, accumulating the supreme secular power ower all christian world, with pope as the supreme lord and arbiter of all christian rulers (the dream of such popes like Gildenbrant and Innocent IV)
Eastern Orthodox church never pretended on the secular power, because its main doctrine in relations with secular power was the conseption of "symphony", i.e. balance and cooperation between the Church and the State. According to this conception, the State should have all the secular power and don't mess ito the spiritual deels. And the Church shouldn't pretend on the secular power, that is the sole prerogative of the State.
The russian Church troubles of the 17-th century were not the pure effort of the Russian Church to gain a supreme powere over the secular deels. Patriarch Nikon was a talented statesman and he desired to be somebody like Richelieu: a frien and a chief advisor of the czar. And many of high nobles didn't want this. Nikon was a very unreserved and emotianal person, so the noble intrigue succeeded.