VII.
The shattering effect of unfettered British naval supremacy, built on the wreckage of France's fleet in the Seven Years' War, would reveal itself for the first time in the Indian Crisis. Despite its origins in the Oriental world, the conflict engulfed every corner of the globe. The logistical demands of such a large theater of war proved insurmountable to the Portuguese, who found their sea lanes hounded at every turn by the unrelenting Royal Navy. Isolated from their mother country both financially and diplomatically, the Portuguese overseas possessions desperately scrambled to raise their militias and prepare for the coming onslaught. Maria’s already uncertain position in India was irreparably ruined by the pompous Viceroy of Goa. He refused to appear in person at the court of his nominal ally Nizam Ali Khan, Prince of Hyderabad, and additionally forbade his emissary from expending any of the state's funds on a suitable gift. Outraged, Nizam renounced his commitments to Portugal and declared neutrality in the war. The Queen was bereft of any allies and incapable of reinforcing her beleaguered outposts. With the freedom to maneuver as they pleased, the British military descended on all fronts.
In Europe, the Western Squadron weighed anchor off Dover and merged with Rear-Admiral Samuel Hood’s southward-bound Channel Fleet. The large armada proceeded down the Western Approaches before fanning out all along the Lusitanian coast and affecting an immovable blockade. Merchant shipping ground to a halt and the threat of military transport was eliminated. The few remnants of the Portuguese Navy not immediately sunk either retreated to port or fled south in an attempt to link up with the Colonial fleets. With Portugal in a virtual lockdown, Pitt declined to authorize a landing in Iberia. The main concern had always been India and Brazil and the potentially swift resolution offered by an occupation of Lisbon was deemed too risky.
Maria I of Portugal's humiliation was hoped to serve as a lesson for other colonial powers.
Rather, even more resources were diverted to the invasion of South America. It was estimated that at least 35,000 men, horse, and artillery would be needed to realistically capture and hold the valuable coastal regions in Brazil. Major General Charles Moore toured all through British North America in the hope of bolstering recruitment both in the Army and Navy. Over six new Royal American Regiments of Foot were raised and three additional Light Corps were organised. Among them, the Rogers' Rangers, who served with distinction in the French and Indian Wars, were resurrected and outfitted as the expedition’s main Reconnaissance unit. The army gathered in Virginia and prepared for the long and dangerous passage around Brazil's northern coastline. Their escorts, the Atlantic Squadron under the recently transferred Admiral Rodney, had swept the planned route for any signs of an ambush and, satisfied, embarked Moore's force. Their voyage proceeded unhindered and they rounded the headland of Recife, arriving amid a storm at the regional capital in Rio De Janeiro in November of 1786. The fleet, substantially encumbered by the expedition, was especially wary of ambush and Rodney adopted a tight sailing formation that reduced maneuverability. What appeared to be the Portuguese American Flotilla, roughly 15 frigates and three-deckers, emerged from the harbor and the Admiral insisted on moving the fleet as one mass to protect the transports. The Portuguese light reserve of another 10 frigates pounced from their hidden position in the Todos Santos Bay, pinning the British convoy between the two forces.
The Atlantic Squadron, as it set sail for Brazil.
Rodney, now almost 70 years of age, had proved an able commander in the engagement with Naples but was apparently unable to rapidly respond to the complicated tactical situation facing him. He ordered the combat fleet split in two halves that sailed straight into the maw of the waiting flotillas. The southern thrust floundered under heavy seas, allowing several light frigates to isolate and sink the Admiral's Flagship
HMS Royal Oak. The crew failed to abandon ship and all hands were lost. Now leaderless, the fleet struggled to simply prevent any of the lighter ships from breaching the fire line and wreaking havoc on Moore's force. Nelson and the
HMS Boreas singlehandedly eliminated two of the heaviest Portuguese craft and soon after the Admiral's death the southern wing was maneuvering in concert with his every move. They routed the remaining craft and turned northwards to their embattled counterparts. Eight of those British ships lay at the seafloor, including the disgraced Line ship
HMS Romney, lost to a petty frigate. The Captain reformed the dispersed firing line and made great haste to relieve the northern contingent. They fought stiff gales and eventually gained a desirable angle of attack while the Portuguese were locked in place by the other flotilla. Nelson crashed into the enemy's rear, his broadsides shaking the timbers of the transport fleet. He gave the order for the Major General to begin landing and prepared to launch his own Royal Marines. He would not need to use them, although in the last throes of the battle he was caught by stray stones and debris that ruined the use of his right eye. Now free, the Squadron commenced an unending bombardment of the city's fortified waterfront district.
The victorious Horatio Nelson, on the deck of HMS Boreas.
He would rise to even greater fame in the Revolutionary Conflcts.
Rio de Janeiro was secured within the month and Nelson became renowned through the nation as the Hero of Todos Santos, earning a promotion to Commodore. News of the victory soon spread and other colonial campaigns began in earnest with similar success. A small expeditionary force landed in West Africa with the intent of capturing or razing Portugal's numerous trading facilities in the area. Governor-General Cornwallis assumed command of the British Indian Army, leading it south from Konkan to put Goa to siege. The East Indies were conspicuously absent in the early stages of the war, owing to the difficulty of staging an extensive action from Australia. It was assumed that Cornwallis would either continue on after dealing with the Indian possessions if the independent thrust did not materialise. The war unfolded largely to plan and the waltz of diplomacy in Europe continued as usual. Commerce proceeded unabated and westward expansion in America soldiered onward. Portugal would fight, but there was no great risk to the security of Britain or her colonies. The Empire's horizons looked bright indeed.